unit-3.doc

A Teaching Plan for Unit 3(An Integrated English Course Book 3).Time: 6 class hours . Contents:Text A: The Pursuit of Happiness foe the Common Good Text B: Material Things and Happiness. Suggested Timetable:1. The first two-class-hour session for pre-listening and new words explanation of Text A.2. Next two-class-hour session for Text A. 3. The third two-class-hour session for Text B and exercises of Unit 1. : Aims and Requirements:Text A: The Pursuit of Happiness foe the Common Good 1. Students will be able to appreciate the prose and learn to read between lines.2. Teach the following phrases usage: relative to, in terms of, derive from, in part, in effect.Text B: Material Things and Happiness1. Teach the reading skill: scanning and predicting2. Enable students to grasp the main idea of the text. Focal points and Difficult Points of this unit:Text A: The Pursuit of Happiness foe the Common Good 1. Analyze the structure of several compound sentences and comprehend them.2. Learn to teach the following phrases usage: relative to, in terms of, derive from, in part, in effect.Text B: Material Things and Happiness1. Ask students to retell the story2. Grasp some CET-4 words.Text A: The Pursuit of Happiness foe the Common Good1. Lead-in . What is the common good in your opinion?.How can we take more pleasure in others happiness? . Would you feel jealous if some of your friends become successful in career or study? 2. Pre-reading ActivitiesListen to short passage once and answer questions1. Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. What does the speaker think of the relationship between happiness and wealth? What is the secret to happiness according to the passage? Why is happiness not an end but a process?2. Listen to the recording again and fill in the blanks according to what you have heard. The world is full of very rich people who are as _ as if they were _. If you obtain wealth through _ or _, you will not be happy with it. You think you are a mean person. Long-term happiness is based on _, and _, contribution, and self-esteem. If your happiness depends on _, you will always feel unfulfilled because there will always be something _.听力原文：HappinessMany people think that when they become rich and successful, happiness will naturally follow. Let me tell you this is not true. The world is full of very rich people who are as miserable as if they were living in hell. We have read stories about movie stars who committed suicide or died from drugs. Quite clearly, money is not the only answer to all problems.Wealth obtained through dishonest means does not bring happiness. Lottery winnings do not bring happiness. To my mind, the secret to happiness lies in your successful work, in your contribution to others happiness and in the wealth you have earned through your own honest effort. If you obtain wealth through luck or dishonest means, you will not be happy with it. You will think you are a mean person.Long-term happiness is based on honesty and productive work, contribution, and self-esteem. Happiness is not an end; it is a process. It is a continuous process of honest and productive work which makes you feel you are a useful, worthy person. As one writer put it, “There is not way to happiness. Happiness is the way.” Its no use saying, “Someday when I achieve these goals, when I get a car, build a house and own my own business, then I will be really happy.” Life just does not work that way. If you wait for certain things to happen and depend on external circumstances of life to make you happy, you will always feel unfulfilled. There will always be something missing.Answers:1. The speaker thinks that happiness does not naturally follow wealth or success. The secret to happiness lies in our successful work, in our contribution to others happiness and in the wealth we have earned through our own honest effort. Because it is only through the continuous process of honest and productive work that you can make a real contribution to others and feel that you are a useful, worthy person. It is the feeling of fulfillment and self-esteem that brings you true happiness.2. miserable, living in the hell luck, dishonest means honesty, productive work external circumstances, missing3. Background Information. Peter Richard Grenville Layard Peter Richard Grenville Layard known as Richard Layard, (born on 15 March, 1934), is a British economist. He was founder-director in 1990 of, and is a current program director at, the Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics. Layard was educated at Eton , where he was a Kings scholar, at Kings College, Cambridge and at the London School of Economics. In his early career he was Senior Research Officer for the famous Robbins Committee on Higher Education. This committees report led to the massive expansion of UK university education in the 1960s and 1970s.Apart from various academic positions he has held since the 1960s, Layard has worked as an advisor for numerous organizations, including government institutions in the United Kingdom and Russia.A Gallup Poll is an opinion poll conducted by The Gallup Organization and frequently used by the mass media for representing public opinion. The Gallup Poll is named after its inventor, the American statistician, George Gallup. Until the mid 1980s the Gallup Poll conducted its polls using door-to-door sampling methods. Now, however, nearly all samples are chosen using the process of random digit dialing. . Gallup Poll The Gallup Poll has existed since the 1930s. Historically, The Gallup Organization has measured and tracked the publics attitudes concerning virtually every political, social, and economic issue of the day, including highly sensitive or controversial subjects. Although Gallup has typically conducted its polling activities in collaboration with various media organizations and, on occasion, with worldwide associations and academic institutions, these polls are reputed to have been carried out independently and objectively.4. Work on Section A A) Structure of the Text ( a method of analyzing the text structure is employed)Part One (1-2): Once material discomfort has been banished, improved relationships become more important than extra money in making us happier.Part Two (3-6): The pursuit of higher relative income or status is a zero-sum game, producing a useless rat race that fails to increase overall happiness. Part Three (7-11): To become happier, we need to change our attitudes. We should broaden the criteria for respect, value the intrinsic worth of peoples experiences and acquire a healthier philosophy of life.Part Four (12): We should adopt the greatest happiness of humankind as our concept of the common good. B) T or F statements:- Even though individualism didnt make people happier, it still is a central part of the nations policy.- The reason why in some western countries people overall dont become happier with the increase of financial income is that the increase is not substantial at all. - People would only feel better off if they are relatively rich compared to the average standard.-If we consider society as a whole, we really dont need to work so hard for the increase in social status. - In order to preserve true friendship, people in a community should maintain the equal relationship between each other.Answers: F F T TC) Questions and AnswersQuestions:-What is so-called standard economic theory?-What are the indicators of dissatisfaction mentioned?-According to the passage, at what stage increased income wouldnt sound so important at all?Answers:-When we human beings enjoy better life provided by extraordinary economic growth, we should naturally feel happier.-No improvement on degrees of happiness and crime rates.-When people have enough money to meet their daily needs, extra income may sound not so important.5. Language PointsPart One (1-2) Over the last 50 years, we in the west have enjoyed unparalleled economic growth. We have better homes, cars, holidays, jobs, education and above all health. unparalleled: adj. having no parallel or equal; unmatchedeg. New agricultural and industrial processes have boosted productivity to unparalleled heights.With the soar of energy costs, this country is confronted with an economic crisis unparalleled in its history. More people suffer from depression, and crime, another indicator of dissatisfaction is also much higher. depression: n. 1) being depressed; low spiritseg. He committed suicide during a fit of depression. 他一时想不开, 自杀了。 Peter fell into a deep depression on hearing the news. 2) a period when there is little economic activity, and high unemploymenteg. Lots of people were deprived of all these property in the Great Depression. These facts challenge many of the priorities we have set ourselves both as societies and as individuals. priority: n. 1) (a) (state of) being more important (in rank)eg. Japan enjoys priority over other countries in the field of microelectronics. The Government gave top priority to reforming the legal system. 政府将改革法制列为工作的重点。 2)the thing that is (regarded as) more important than otherseg. You must decide what your priorities are. Housework is low on her list of priorities. When most people exist near the breadline, material progress does indeed make them happier. Q; What does “exist near the breadline” mean in this passage?A: “Exist near the breadline” means “just have enough money to feed themselves.”P: When a multitude of people in a society only have money enough to feed themselves, they would feel much happier if they can earn more money.breadline: n. a very low level of income which allows people to eat but not have any extra thingsbe / live on the breadline 非常穷，勉强维持生活be near / below the breadline 接近/低于最低生活标准 But when material discomfort has been banished, extra income becomes much less important than our relationships with each other: with family, with friends and in the community. Q: What does “material discomfort has been banished” mean?A: This part means that people have enough money to meet everyday needs, they dont worry about their daily life anymore.T: 然而，物质上的匮乏一旦消除，收入的增加便不如亲情、友情、邻里等人际关系那么重要。banish: v. 1) to send sb. away, especially out of the country, as a punishmenteg. She was convicted of heresy and banished from the kingdom.He was banished from his homeland for life. 2) to drive (thoughts, etc) out (of the mind)eg. She banished all thoughts of a restful holiday from her mind. 她从心里打消了过一个宁静假日的想法。Part Two (3-6). And it should come to replace the intense individualism which has failed to make us happier. intense: adj. 1)(of sensations) having a very strong effect or felt very stronglyeg. The heat was intense. 2)(of emotions, etc) very strongeg. She can be so intense. It makes me exhausted.This young lady was overcome by an intense feeling of jealousy. 这个年轻的女士十分嫉妒。. But can money alone make us happy in the long run? in the long run: later in the future, not immediately eg. The less you rely on painkillers now, the better it will be for your health in the long run. We cant sacrifice our ecosystem to immediate economic growth. As in the long run, this decision would be disastrous. Yet, as a western country becomes richer, its people overall do not become happieroverall: 1) adj. including everything, taking everything into accounteg. Theres been an overall improvement recently. My overall impression of his work is good.2)adv. including everything; generallyeg. What will it cost, overall? Overall, the prices are stilling rising. 总的来说，价格仍在上升。. The reason for this is that over time our standards and expectations rise to meet our income. Q: What does “our standards and expectations rise to meet our income” mean?A: It means “with the increase in our income, our standards and expectations also rise.”T: 原因是随着时间的推移，我们的标准和期望随着收入的增加而上升。. The sums mentioned rise in line with average incomes. in line with: in accordance to eg. Pensions will be increased in line with inflation. 养老金将会跟着通货膨胀的水平增长。 Income tax fluctuates in line with the change in ones earning. Collocations:line of business 专业， 行业drop sb. a line 给人写短信（便条）on the right lines 正确，对的in line with 与一致be in sb.s line 是某人的专长take a firm line on 对某事采取坚定的态度. Since people are always comparing their incomes with what others have, or with what they are used to, they only feel better off if they move up relative to the norm.Q: What does “the norm” refer to in this sentence?A: It refers to “average income.”relative to: with regard to, concerning; in comparison witheg. Before you resort to justice, you should accumulate enough evidence relative to this issue. People only feel better off if they move up relative to the average income. This process can have counterproductive effects. counterproductive: adj. achieving the opposite result to the one that you wanteg. Sending young offenders to prison can be counterproductive. His comfort may be counterproductive as this little boy was overcome by hatred and jealousy.NB: counter 是一个前缀，表达的意思是“相反的”。例如：counterattack 反击counteract 抵消，对抗counterbalance 使平衡countermeasure 对策counter- revolution 反革命counterpart 两方面地位、职务相当的人. I have an incentive to work and earn more: it will make me happier. incentive: n. sth. encouraging people to do sth., stimuluseg. The chance of a higher salary and a quick promotion gives young people incentive to work harder. With such a low price, there is little incentive for farmers to go on this practice in the following years. 那么低的价格让农民没有动力再种植下去了。. Since society as a whole cannot raise its position relative to itself, the effort which its members devote to that end could be said to be a waste the balance between leisure and work has been shifted “inefficiently” towards work. Q: 1. What does “the effort which its members devote to that end” refer to in this sentence?2. What does “inefficiently” refer to in this sentence?3. Why does the author think these efforts are meaningless? A: 1.People make an effort to raise their social status or position by working harder or earning more. 2. It means useless, meaningless, thats to say, its useless for people to sacrifice their leisure time to work. 3.Because their increase in income would definitely be counterbalanced by increase in average income, so that they wouldnt feel happier than before by working harder or earning more. To reinforce the case, let me explain it in terms of status, which may derive as much from the earning of income as from the spending of it. reinforce: v. 1)to give more support to (sth.); emphasizeeg. This evidence reinforces my view that he is a spy. 这个证据证实了我认为他是间谍的这一看法。 Conclusions from the report have been reinforced by more recent studies. 2)to increase the numbers or military strength ofeg. Our defenses must be reinforced against attack. It is a zero-sum game: private life sacrificed in order to increase status is a waste from the point of view of society as a whole. Q: What does “a zero-sum game” refer to in this sentence?A: Linguistically it refers to “a situation in which you receive as much money or advantages as you give away.” In this sentence, it means that you pay a lot to increase social status, for example, private life, leisure time, even health. But what you gain seems equal to what you have paid.T: 这是一种得失平衡的游戏：从整个社会看，为了提高地位而牺牲个人的生活，是一种浪费。Part Three (7-11) . In an increasingly competitive society, life will become tougher for people in the bottom half of the ability range unless we develop broader criteria for respect. Q: 1.What does “people in the bottom half of the ability range” mean?2. What kind of ability does this sentence mean in your opinion?3. What does “broader criteria for respect” refer to?A: 1.It refers to “those people whose ability is below the average.”2. It may refer to a persons ability to earn money.3.It means that besides economic status, more factors are considered to decide whether one person deserves our respect or not. We should respect people who co-operate with others at no gain to themselves, and who show skill and effort at whatever level.P: We should respect people who co-operate with others at no gain to themselves, and who show skill and effort at whatever level. In Britain, this means ensuring that all young people can take up an apprenticeship if they wish, so that those who have not enjoyed academic success at school can experience professional pride and avoid starting adult life believing themselves to be failures. ensure: v. 1) make sure; guaranteeeg. The book ensured his success.Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night. 2)make (sb.) certain to get (sth.); assureeg. These pills should ensure you a good nights sleep. Some comparisons between people are inevitable, since hierarchy is necessary and unavoidable. inevitable: adj. certain to happen and impossible to avoid; unavoidableeg. It seems inevitable that theyll lose. 看来他们的败局是在所难免了。 A further deterioration of environment now seems inevitable. So pay is important at key moments as a way of affecting peoples decisions about occupations or in choosing between employers. occupation: