what的用法.doc

what的用法与高考一.what作为疑问代词的用法:1. 对年级、班级、排号、号码等提问时要用 what ，并与名词 grade 、 class 、 row 、 number 等连用。如： What number are you？ 你是几号呢？ 2. 对某事物或某人的姓名提问时常用 what .如： What is your name？ 你叫什么名字？3. 对算式的得数进行提问时用 what .如： What is three plus four？ 三加四等于几？4. 询问“某物有何毛病”或“某人怎么了”常用 what .如： Whats wrong with your bike？ 你的自行车出什么毛病了？5.what 与 colour 构成 what colour 来询问颜色。如： What colour is your coat？ 你的上衣是什么颜色？6.与名词 number 连在一起用来询问汽车或电话号码等。如： What number is Mr Greens car？ 格林先生的车牌号是多少？7.对职业进行提问时，用 what ，其句式为“ What + do / does + 主语 + do ”或“ What + be + 主语？”。例略。8.询问“某地有什么”用 what ，其后多接“ be + 介词短语”。如： Whats on the wall？ 墙上有什么？9. 询问具体的时间（几点几分）常用 what time .如： What time is it？ （= Whats the time？） 现在几点了？10.对价格提问时用 what .如： Whats the price of these apples？ 这些苹果多少钱？11. 询问“星期几”时，常用 what 与 day 一起提问。如： What day is today？ （What day is it today？） 今天星期几？12.征求意见或询问对方消息时常用 what about .如： What about something to drink？ 来点喝的怎么样？13. 用来询问对某人或某物的看法时，用“ What think of ”，译为就是“认为怎么样？”如：What do you think of the story？ 你认为这个故事怎么样？Its very interesting. 它很有趣。二.what用作关系代词，引导名词性从句，表示“the thing that.”1 引导主语从句What surprised me most was his way of speaking. （what 作从句的主语） 最让我吃惊的是他的说话方式。What Im afraid of is that theyll take him to Boston. （what 作从句的宾语）让我害怕的是他们要带他去波士顿。典型考例_ makes the shop different is that it offers more personal services. (2006 辽宁)A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever解析答案A。此题考查what 引导的主语从句，且what 作从句的主语。句意：使该商店与众不同的是它提供私人服务。2 引导宾语从句I cant do what you ask me to do. （what 作从句中动词的宾语） 我不能做你要我做的事。Our hometown is much different from what it was ten years ago. (what作句中介词的宾语) 我的家乡与十年前的大不一样了。典型考例What did your parents think about your decision?They always let me do _ I think I should. (2006全国卷II)A. when B. that C. how D. what解析答案D。此题考查what引导的宾语从句，作动词的宾语，且what在宾语从句中作宾语。3 引导表语从句She is no longer what she used to be. （what作从句的表语） 她不再是以前的她了。典型考例See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. （2006全国卷I）A. when B. which C. where D. what 解析答案D。此题考查what引导的表语从句，what在从句中作宾语。Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. （2005安徽）A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that解析答案A。第一个空考查what引导的表语从句，且what在从句中作表语，第二个空考查when引导的非限定性定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语。4 引导同位语从句He has no idea what remarkable woman Maggie is. 他不知道玛吉是个多么出色的女人。典型考例Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? (2005辽宁)A. that B. what C. as D. which解析答案B。此题考查what引导的同位语从句，且what 在从句中作主语。三、 what用作关系形容词，意为：“所的全部，任何的”，与little, few连用时，其含义多为“虽然少，但把所有的都”。Dont worry. Ill give you what help (any help that / as much help as) I can. 不要担忧，我一定尽我所能帮你。What little he said on the subject was full of wisdom. 他对这个问题的寥寥数语充满了智慧。What few friends I have here have been very kind to me. 这里我仅有的几个朋友都对我很好。 四、 what用作疑问形容词，引导感叹句，此时注意和how 引导的感叹句的区别，其固定句式为：what + adj. + n. + 主语 谓语 / how + adj. / adv. + 主语 谓语。What fine weather we are having today! 今天天气多好啊！What a pity you cant go! 真遗憾你不能去！You cant imagine how surprised I was! 你想象不出来我当时有多吃惊！典型考例I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made. (2005湖南)A. what B. that C. how D. which解析答案A。此题考查what 引导的感叹句，符合感叹句的构成句式，what 引导的感叹句在句中作recognize的宾语。_ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (2002上海春招)A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting解析答案D。因为play a role in.为一固定搭配，故选D。五、 what用于表示比喻的一个特殊结构：A is to B what C is to D 意为“A对于B犹如C对于D一样”，A和B是主体， C和D是喻体。Parks are to the city what lungs are to the body. 公园对于都市犹如肺对于人体。Virtue is to the soul what health is to the body. 美德对于心灵犹如健康对于身体。六、 what 构成惯用插入语，其句型是：what is /was + adj. 的比较级，此结构中的what 泛指下文所讲的话，意为“而且，更，尤为甚者”。He is handsome, and what is more, very rich. 他人长的美，而且很富有。Tom said nothing, and what is worse, laughed at us. 汤姆啥也没说，尤为甚者他还嘲笑我们。由what构成的用作固定形式的惯用插入语常用的有：What is better, what is more (important / interesting.), what is news to sb., what is best of all, what we call, what is called.七、 what 的强调形式为whatever, 相当于anything that，意为“什么都，任何的事或物”。Take whatever magazine you want to read. 你可以取阅任何你想读的杂志。Whatever reasons you may have, you should carry out a promise.无论你有什么理由，你都应当遵守诺言。典型考例The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (2005全国卷II)A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever解析答案C。此题考查whatever引导的从句作accept 的宾语。The old tower must be saved, _ the cost. (2005浙江)A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever解析答案B。此题考查whatever引导的让步状语从句，此处为省略句，whatever the cost is。八、 what构成的固定搭配。1. What for? 为何？为什么？Ill go to Brazil next month. 我下个月去巴西。What for? 为什么？2. So what? 那又怎样？Maybe he got angry. 也许他生气了。So what? I dont like him at