2019版高考英语复习Module4GreatScientists讲义外研版必修4.docx

Module 4 Great Scientists 一积词汇见多识广课内单词回扣(一)阅读词汇写其义1nickname n 绰号2species n (动物或植物的)种3export vt. 出口 4brilliant adj. 聪颖的；才华横溢的5career n. 生涯；经历 6relativity n. 相对论 (二)表达词汇写其形1publish vt. 出版 2breakthrough n. 突破3support vt. 支持 4replace vt. 取代；以代替5victim n. 受害者 6escape vi. 逃跑；逃避7straight adj. 直的 8clear vi. (烟雾)消散9quantity n. 数量 10quality n. 质量(三)拓展词汇灵活用*1.producer n生产者；制造商produce vt. vi.生产production n产量；生产product n产品*2.educate vt.教育education n教育educator n教育工作者3.agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的*4.original adj.原来的；最初的origin n起源originate vi.起源5.export vt.出口(反义词)import vt.进口*6.graduate vi.毕业 n毕业生graduation n毕业7.personal adj.个人的personally adv.就个人来说personality n个性；人格*8.brief adj.简短的；简洁的briefly adv.简短地；简洁地9.physical adj.身体的physically adv.身体上；身体上地10.explode vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸；爆炸声用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空1This word originated from a Latin word and the original meaning is quite different from what it is today.(original)2Though she explained the topic briefly,_we still learned a lot from her brief words.(brief)3After graduation,_he is one of the graduates who have graduated this year and are looking for a job.(graduate)4This factory produces computers. Its producer is very optimistic about the production and sale.(produce)5The government is attaching more importance to educating the younger generation. In a sense, it is the duty of every educator to do what they can for the cause of education of China.(educate)话题单词积累1character/krIkt/ n品质，性格2outgoing/atI/ adj. 爱交际的；外向的3independent/IndIpendnt/ adj. 独立的4courage/krId/ n. 勇气；胆量5reliable/rIlaIb()l/ adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的6determined/dItmInd/ adj. 坚定的7diligent/dIlId()nt/ adj. 勤奋的8measure/me/ v. 测量9observe/bzv/ v. 观察；监视；观测10explore/Ikspl/ v. 探测；勘探11solve/slv/ vt. 解决；解答12simplify/sImplIfaI/ vt. 使简化；使简易13equip/IkwIp/ vt. 提供设备；装备；配备14create/krieIt/ vt. 创造；造成15invent/Invent/ vt. 发明；创造16inspire/InspaI/ vt. 鼓舞；激励17research/rIst/ n. 研究；调查18curious/kjrIs/ adj. 好奇的；奇异的19accurate/kjrt/ adj. 精确的20personality/psnlItI/ n. 性格；个性21quality/kwlItI/ n. 质量；品质22thoughtful/tfl/ adj. 考虑周到的23intelligence/IntelIdns/ n. 智力；才智；智慧24attitude/tItjud/ n. 态度；看法25patient/peI()nt/ adj. 耐心的26confident/knfIdnt/ adj. 自信的27optimistic/ptImIstIk/ adj. 乐观的28reasonable/riz()nb()l/ adj. 合乎情理的29flexible/fleksIb()l/ adj. 灵活的；可变通的二积短语顿挫抑扬课内短语回扣(一)根据汉语写出下列短语*1.bring_up培养；养育*2.bring_in引进；赚得3.as_a_result_of 由于的结果 *4.carry_out 实施；履行*5.earn_ones_living 谋生6.come_to/into_power 掌权7.convert_._into_. 把转化为8._attach_to 把系在上；附上；连接*9.the/a_key_to_(doing)_sth. (做)某事的关键10.experiment_with 对进行实验11.be_known_for 因而出名/闻名12.be_diagnosed_with 被诊断出(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子1As one of 8 kids of a Brazilian family, brought_up in Americas crowded apartment, Id spent several years searching for aloneness.2His confident words have cleared up our doubts about how the plan will be carried_out.3The sale of the companys new product is good. It has brought_in two million dollars so far.4Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact, the_key_to easy morning wakeup lies in resetting your body clock.(2017全国卷)5Some uneducated and unskilled people earn_their_living by doing manual labor (体力活)话题短语积累1be independent of独立于2be active in 某方面很积极3have a talent/gift for 有才能4be skilled in 在方面熟练5be qualified for 适合；胜任6be responsible for 对负责7together with 和一起8devote oneself to 致力于；专注于9further education 进修；继续教育10be known as 作为而出名11lay a solid foundation for为打下坚实的基础12graduate from 毕业于13be disappointed at sb. 对某人失望14show love and concern for sb. 爱护和关心某人15be confident of sth./in sb. 对某事/某人有信心三积句式写作扮靓课内句式仿写1It is/was过去分词that .例句In Stephen Hawkings case it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist. 仿写据说身体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。(2015福建高考单选)It_is_said_that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.2keep宾语宾语补足语例句The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction. 仿写很抱歉让你等了三个小时。I am sorry for having kept_you_waiting for three hours.3现在分词短语作结果状语例句Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the worlds first astronaut? 仿写亨利克雷弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，他把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品留给了美国人民。Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving_his_house,_furniture_and_art collection_to_the_American_people.话题佳句背诵1He is always welcomed because he dresses well and behaves gracefully, considerately and politely, giving others a good impression.他穿戴得体并且举止文雅、礼貌周到，能给别人留下好的印象，所以他总是受欢迎。2She was quite optimistic and energetic, which brought me a lot of happiness and courage. I learned something precious from her belief in life.她非常乐观且有活力，这给我带来了许多快乐和勇气。我从她身上学到了一些宝贵的东西要对生活有信心。3Tu Youyou, a great Chinese woman scientist, devotes herself to scientific research and makes great contributions in the field of medicine.屠呦呦，中国一位伟大的女科学家，致力于科学研究并在医学领域做出了巨大贡献。四背语段语感流畅Qian Xuesen was born in December 1911, Shanghai. After graduating from Shanghai Jiaotong University, he went to America for further education in MIT, which laid a solid foundation for his later career. The moment he returned to China in 1955, he devoted himself to the research into developing rockets. With great efforts, he made breakthrough together with other top scientists in this field years later. Known as the father of Chinas space program, Qian Xuesen was one of the most brilliant scientists in China.钱学森1911年12月出生于上海。从上海交通大学毕业后，他去美国麻省理工大学深造，这为他后来的职业生涯打下了坚实的基础。1955年他一回国，就致力于火箭研制的研究中。通过不懈努力，多年后他和其他顶级科学家一起在这个领域取得了突破。钱学森作为“中国航天之父”而著名，他是中国最杰出的科学家之一。 第一板块重点词汇突破师生共研词汇1support vt. n支持；拥护；支撑；供养教材原句The research was supported by the government.这项研究得到了政府的支持。(1)support sb.in sth. 在某方面支持某人support a (ones) family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生(2)come to ones support 来支持某人with ones support 在某人的支持下in support of 支持；拥护Hes looking for a new job, one where he can get more money to support_his_family.他正在寻找一份新工作，一份能赚到更多钱以养家糊口的工作。A scientist must produce evidence in_support_of his theory.科学家必须提出证据以支持其理论。We support the policemen wholeheartedly in their work against crime.我们全力支持警察反抗犯罪的工作。2quantity n数量；量；大量经典例句The data is limited in terms of both quality and quantity.这份资料在质量和数量上都很有限。a large (good)/small quantity of大/少量的large quantities of 大量的；许多的in quantity 大量地in quantity and quality 在数量和质量上As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has_covered (cover) the land.由于破坏森林，大量的沙漠已经覆盖了土地。We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity.如果你能大量地购买，我们能给你一个更好的价格。Your work has improved in_quantity_and_quality this term.本学期你的工作在数量和质量上都已经提高了。名师指津a quantity of/large quantities of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词的复数形式；但当它作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般根据quantity的单复数形式而定。3escape v n逃跑，逃脱；避开；(气体、液体等)漏出；被遗忘教材原句The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.中国人发现从管子里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。一词多义写出下列句中escape的含义Seeing the poisonous gas escaping from the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm. 漏出The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury.避开Obviously I had met him before, but his name escaped me for the moment. 被遗忘(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃脱(做)某事escape from/out of . 从逃跑，逃走escape ones attention/notice 逃过某人的注意；被某人遗忘(2)a narrow escape 死里逃生；幸免于难Only with the greatest of luck did he manage to escape from the rising flood waters.是由于运气太好他才能从快速上升的洪水中逃脱。The driver narrowly escaped being_killed (kill) in the traffic accident.这名司机在车祸中差一点被撞死。He ever had a narrow escape from the adventurous sport, so he doesnt dare to try it again.他曾经在冒险运动中死里逃生，所以他不敢再尝试了。4clear vi.(烟雾)消散；变清澈；(天)转晴；清(嗓子) vt.使清澈；使清楚；消除；使干净 adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清楚的；明确的教材原句When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.当烟雾消散后，万虎和他的座椅已无影无踪了。一词多义写出下列句中clear的含义It was a fine day once the fog had cleared.(烟雾)消散The sky cleared after the storm.(天)转晴The professor cleared his throat before giving a speech.清(嗓子)We tried our best to clear his mind of doubt.消除The movie sends a clear message to teenagers: if you are determined to follow your dream, nothing stands in the way.明确的(1)clear away清除；驱散；拿走；收拾clear up 放晴；整理；清理；消除(误会)clear ones throat (说话前)清嗓子(2)make . clear 阐明；明确表示Although the hurricane has gone, it will be months before the damage is cleared up.虽然飓风已经过去了，但是还要花几个月的时间才能把它造成的破坏清理干净。Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.苏姗明确向我表示，说她希望自己重新开始新的生活。词汇过关练.单句语法填空1Most people hold the belief that education (educate) can change ones fate.2The murderer tried to escape being_caught (catch) by the police but in vain.3Humans will never be replaced by robots. We are their masters forever.4The museum has been completed, but the government hasnt made it clear when it will be open to the public.5A large quantity of money has_been_collected_(collect) to help those who are suffering from the floods.6In face of increasing energy limits, China needs a major breakthrough in mining and exploration.7His success was a long story, but in brief, he succeeded after many failures.8As the discussion went on, we found what we were talking about got off the point, wandering away from the_original(origin) topic.9If you find yourself trapped in the habit of complaining, you should simply try to convert it into_positive feelings and stay optimistic.10He met Rachel at her college graduation (graduate) ceremony, whom he was later to marry.单句改错1Large quantities of sand was washed down the hillside by the rain.waswere2His first book published last year and it turned out to be a bestseller. published前加was3Being physical examined for free twice a year is what every clerk shall be ensured in any company of the state.physicalphysically4On brief, practice is far more important than book knowledge. OnIn5It rained heavily this morning, but it cleared out by noon.outup.单句写作(同义替换/一句多译)1Bob looked back only to find an old classmate, whose name he forgot (escaped_him) for the moment.2大量的水已经被污染了，因此湖泊闻起来很难闻。Large_quantities_of_water_have_been_polluted,_so the lake smells terrible. (quantities)A_large_quantity_of_water_has_been_polluted,_so the lake smells terrible. (quantity)3我举双手支持校园内禁止吸烟。Ill raise both hands in_support_of_banning_smoking inside the schoolyard. (support n)Ill raise both hands in_favour_of_banning_smoking inside the schoolyard.(favour n)第二板块短语、句式突破1earn ones living谋生教材原句(He) got a job in an office to earn his living.(他)在一家事务所工作以谋生。make a living earn ones living 谋生earn ones own living 自食其力earn money/a fortune 挣钱/大钱earn sb. praise/a reputation 为某人赢得赞扬/名声Mary often does some translation work to_earn_extra_money,_which accounts for half of her income.玛丽经常做些翻译工作来获取额外收入，这些收入占了她收入的一半。He earned_his_living_by_selling_newspapers when he was young.当他年轻时靠卖报纸谋生。The company has_earned_a_good_reputation for reliability.该公司因其诚信可靠而赢得了良好声誉。2come to/into power掌权；上台；执政教材原句(He) left Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the US.希特勒掌权时，(他)离开了德国去美国工作了。(be) in power当权；掌权take/seize power 取得/夺取政权beyond ones power 不能胜任；超过了某人的能力within/in ones power 有能力；力所能及It has been five years since he came_to/into_power.他执政已经5年了。The government in_power is devoted to the improvement of education.这一届政府致力于提高教育。I am sorry, it is beyond my power to do this.对不起，这件事我也无能为力。名师指津come to power 与 (be) in power 都表示“掌权”，但前者表示动作，不能与时间段连用；后者表示状态，可以与时间段连用。3The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep_the_rocket_moving in a straight direction.这些管子被绑在一根长木棍上，这有助于火箭径直向前飞。keep sb./sth.doing sth.“让某人/某物一直做某事”。keep用于复合结构，“keep宾语宾语补足语”，其宾语补足语可以是介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词等。The question kept me wondering (wonder) for the rest of the night.这个问题让我想了一晚上。To _keep_the_feet_dry_and_comfortable,_this new kind of shoes is equipped with a microfan.(2014湖南高考满分作文)为了让我们的脚保持干燥、舒服，这种新鞋配备了微型电扇。It is necessary that we keep the young generation informed (inform) of the current affairs.让年轻的一代时刻了解时事是很有必要的。短语、句式过关练.power短语介词填空1I will do everything in/within my power to help you.2Im afraid it is beyond my power to do what you are asking.3As soon as their party came to/into power, they changed the law.用earn的相关短语补全句子1史蒂夫乔布斯19岁时便以卖电脑为生。Steve Jobs earned_his_living_by_selling_computers when he was 19 years old.2他在12岁时就必须自立，自食其力。He had to stand on his own feet and_earn_his_own_living at the age of 12.3从河里营救了一个女孩为他赢得了好的名声。Saving a girl from the river earned_him_a_good_reputation.运用所学短语完成下面语段Wang Dong was born and 1.brought_up (养育) in a remote mountain village, where people mainly 2.earned_their_living (谋生) by farming. 3.As_a_result_of (由于的结果) lack of advanced farming technique, they lived a hard life. Then Wang Dong realized that 4.the_key_to (的关键) a better life was to have advanced technology, and after new technique was 5.brought_in (引进), their life was getting better and better.单句语法填空/句型转换1Some students in the class still keep their eyes closed(close)2Remember to keep the engine_running (run), for it is difficult to start.3More highways have been built in China, which makes it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.More highways have been built in China, making_it_much_easier_for_people to travel from one place to another.4The book is said to have been translated into several languages.It_is_said_that the book has been translated into several languages.课堂双线提能课堂一刻钟演练，实现教材与高考的对接提能一用课文词汇写高分作文clear， replace， quality， quantity， brilliant， figure， graduate， publish， as a result of1补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)对于每个人来说，很显然什么也取代不了母亲的爱和照顾。It is clear to everyone that nothing can replace mothers love and care.他的母亲，有许多优秀的品质，并且在他的教育上花费了大量的金钱。His mother has many fine qualities and spent a large quantity of money on his education.从北京大学毕业后不久他就成为他所在领域里才华横溢的人物。He became a brilliant figure in his field soon after he graduated from Peking University.上周他的第一本书出版了。His first book was published last week.因为他母亲的支持他才获得成功的。He achieves success as_a_result_of his mothers support.2升级平淡句(1)用定语从句改写句His_mother,_who_has_many_fine_qualities_and_spent_a_large_quantity_of_money_on_his_education.(2)用非谓语动词作状语改写句Having_graduated_from_Peking_University,_he_became_a_brilliant_figure_in_his_field_soon.(3)用强调句型改写句It_is_as_a_result_of_his_mothers_support_that_he_achieves_success.3衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：in brief)It is clear to everyone that nothing can replace mothers love and care. His mother, who has many fine qualities and spent a large quantity of money on his education. Having graduated from Peking University, he became a brilliant figure in his field soon. His first book was published last week. In brief, it is as a result of his mothers support that he achieves success.提能二用课文句型解构高考长难句本单元突破点宾语从句现在分词短语作后置定语经典例句比较分析真题尝试翻译课文长难句The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.本句含有that引导的宾语从句，该从句中含有现在分词短语“escaping from the tube”作后置定语。在20世纪70年代期间对英国人的口音研究发现听起来像BBC新闻播报员的嗓音被认为是最有吸引力的嗓音。真题长难句A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. (2015广东高考阅读理解D)本句含有that引导的宾语从句，该从句中含有现在分词短语“sounding like a BBC newsreader”作后置定语。 作为“个人情况”的子话题，“伟大科学家”常常出现在高考题目中的阅读理解中，以介绍人物和科技发明类的说明文为主；有时也会出现关于介绍某位科学家的书面表达。一、话题与语篇考题示例(2014广东高考阅读D)1Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流). Most do it using satellites and other hightech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap_meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.2Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes about 60,000 in total fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didnt. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.3The Pacific Northwest is one of the worlds best areas for beachcombing (海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study.4As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers