（全国卷Ⅰ）高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 语法专题突破 5 定语从句课件.ppt

2016高考导航适用于全国卷,专题5定语从句,1(2015高考安徽卷，单项填空，改编)Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon_schooleducationdepends.2(2015高考四川卷，单项填空，改编)Thebooksonthedesk，_coversareshiny，areprizesforus.3(2015泰安二模)Theworkcampwasmainlymadeupofteenagers_hadgivenuppartoftheirsummervacationtohelpothers.,考点一关系代词引导的定语从句,which,whose,who/that,4(2015河北保定二模)However，hehadnootherchoice，though.FirstJackwastodraftthespeech，_wasjustapieceofcakeforhimbecausehewasagoodwriter.5(2015济宁模拟)_isexpected，theairqualityinthecityhasimprovedinthepasttwomonths.,which,As,1which指物，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。2that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseumthat/whichhadbeenconstructedthreeyearsbefore.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。,3.限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that不用which的情况：(1)先行词为不定代词all，anything，nothing，something，everything,nothing,none，theone等或被不定代词修饰时。Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelsesfault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。(2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。,(3)先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast，thesame，any，every，each，few，little，no，some等修饰时。TheonlypartofthemealthatIreallylikedwasthedessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我爱吃的。(4)先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。Theywillneverforgetthethingsandpersonsthattheyveseenorheardofduringtheirlongjourney.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。,4关系词只用which而不用that的情况：(一句话口诀：介词后、逗号后不可用that)(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaTshirt，whichisastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.特德周末来时只穿着短裤和一件T恤，这种天气穿这样的衣服有点傻。(2)当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词关系代词”结构时。Weliveinanageinwhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。,5who，whom的用法who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。Ivebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwho/whom/thatImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。,6whose的用法whose表所属关系，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于ofwhich；指人时相当于ofwhom。Theschoolshop,whosecustomersaremainlystudents，isclosedfortheholidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。,7as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有asissaidabove，asisalreadymentionedabove，asoftenhappens，asisoftenthecase，asisreportedinthenewspaper，such.as.，thesame.as.等。SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。“Youcantjudgeabookbyitscover，”astheoldsayinggoes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”,单句语法填空1(2015河北邢台高三摸底考试)Officer：ImafraidIcantdothat，Madam.Inschoolzones，Imrequiredtogiveticketstoalldrivers_breaktherules.Itsthelawinthiscounty.2(2015烟台模拟)Those_wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.,who/that,who,3.ImgladtointroduceMr.Smithtoyou，without_considerationourprojectwouldhaveendedinfailure.4_isoftenthecasewithchildren，Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.,whose,As,1(2015滕州5月模拟)Shedreamedoftheday_themanagerofthesupermarketwouldsaytoherwithasmile，“Madam，thisisyourluckyday.Everythinginyourbasketisfree.”2Mr.Brownwastiredoflivinginthebigcity_heworked.Hewantedtomovetothecountryandliveinahousefromwhichhecouldgettohisofficeinthecityearlyeveryday.,考点二关系副词引导的定语从句,when,where,3(2015江西鹰潭二模)Thepolicemustgivethereasons_theyarearrestinghimandtellhimhisrightsunderthelaw.4(2015高考陕西卷，语法和词汇知识，改编)Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily，Alexisalwayslongingforthetime_heshouldbeabletobeindependent.,why,when,1where表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on.which”。Abankistheplacewheretheylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.银行是在天晴之时借伞给你，到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方。,2当先行词为situation，case，stage，point，atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。(2015高考浙江卷，单项填空，改编)Creatinganatmospherewhereemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.创造出让员工感觉到自己就是团队一员的一种氛围是极大的挑战。3why表原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词forwhich”结构。Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidntattendthemeeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？,特别注意在非限制性定语从句中，常用forwhich表原因而不用why。Ihadtoldthemthereason，forwhichIdidntattendthemeeting.我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。4when表时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during.which”结构。(2014高考湖南卷，单项填空，改编)Iamlookingforwardtothedaywhenmydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.我正期待着那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书并且了解我对她的感情。,单句语法填空1(2015高考北京卷，单项填空，改编)OppositeisSt.PaulsChurch，_youcanhearsomelovelymusic.2(2015湖南怀化一模)Almosteveryteenagerwillexperienceaperiodintheirlife_theyarentcontentwiththeirparents.3(2015山师大附中模拟)Itwouldhaveturnedintoanotheroneofthosemoments_thethoughtofsendingacardcrossedmymindbutneveractuallyhappened.,where,when,when,技法1识别定语从句、并列句在英语中，有许多从句，如主语从句、同位语从句以及强调句型与定语从句有许多相似之处。因此，命题人会利用这些相似性，设置一个特定语境，来考查考生对这些易混点的辨析能力。遇到这样的问题，我们的思路就是：抓住它们各自的特征，结合语境去判断到底属于何种句型或从句。,(2015泰安检测)Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，someof_lookedveryanxiousanddisappointed，butnoneof_jumpedthequeue.【解析】此题考查定语从句和并列句的区别。第一空为定语从句修饰先行词people，第二空由but可知为并列句应用them。句意：许多人都在公共汽车站等，一些人看起来很焦虑又很失望，但是没有一个人插队。,whom,them,技法2分析先行词，确定引导词首先确定先行词，然后分析引导词在从句中充当什么成分：作主语、宾语、表语用关系代词which/that/who/whom/as；作定语用whose；作状语则用关系副词when/where/why；作介词宾语则用关系代词which/whom。另外，考生应考虑特殊情况：只用that的情况、只用which的情况、as引导的定语从句等。,(2013高考福建卷，单项填空，改编)Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_liveswereaffected.【解析】句意：这本书从经历过地震的人的角度来讲述地震的故事。主句结构完整，先行词those，引导词代替先行词在从句中修饰名词lives，作定语，因此用whose。,whose,(2015高考全国卷，语法填空，节选)IdskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortourists