高中英语复习 Unit 1 Great scientists课件 新人教版必修5.ppt

Unit1Greatscientists,知识归纳,1._adj.科学的2._vt.分析3._vt.打败;战胜;使受挫n.失败4._adj.熟练的;经验或知识丰富的n.专家;行家5._vt.照顾;护理;出席;参加6._n.治愈;痊愈vt.治疗;治愈,scientific,analyse,defeat,expert,知识清单,(一)基本单词,attend,cure,7._n.挑战vt.向挑战8._vt.吸收;吸引;使专心9._vt.认为;怀疑n.嫌疑犯10._adj.严重的;剧烈的;严厉的11._vt.责备;谴责n.过失;责备12._n.柄;把手vt.处理;操纵13._vi.内科医生,challenge,absorb,suspect,severe,blame,handle,spin,enthusiastic,characteristic,physician,17._n.受害者18._n.附近;邻近19._v.预见；预知20._n.烟火(燃放)21._n.图表22._adj.积极的;肯定的;确实的23._n.移动;运动;动作24._adj.世界,victim,neighborhood,foresee,firework,chart,positive,movement,backward,cautious,universe,1._vt.宣告,conclude,conclusion,expose,exposed,pollute,pollution,(二)派生单词,announce,announcement,5._vt.说明,contribute,contribution,reject,rejection,instruct,instruction,1.提出2.得出结论3.显露;暴露4.将和联系或连接起来5.除之外;此外6.对严格的7.讲得通;有意义,putforward,drawaconclusion,expose.to,link.to.,(三)短语,apartfrom,(be)strictwith,makesense,(四)句式,1.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.neither.nor.既不也不,连接句中两个相同成分。2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.everytime引导时间状语从句,相当于whenever,意思是“每当”。,3.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.havesth.done结构。delivered是过去分词,作it的宾语补足语,表示被动关系。,1.concludevt.推断出,课文原句:Drawaconclusion.得出结论。,核心要点,(一)单词,conclusionn.结论;结束,【归纳】,sth.(fromsth.)conclude推断出;断定(fromsth.)that.with/on/as/bysth.concludesth.以.结束bydoingsth.draw/reach/etoaconclusion得出结论inconclusion最后,2.defeatvt.打败;战胜;使受挫n.失败,课文原句:JohnSnowdefeats“KingCholera”.约翰斯诺击败“霍乱王”。,辨析defeat/beat/windefeat和beat是同义词,其宾语为人或团体,常可互换。defeat侧重在战场上打败敌人。beat常用于游戏或比赛中。win后接sth.，表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利,宾语多用game,war,prize等词,不能是人;win也可用作不及物动词,“赢,获胜”。,3.attendvt.陪伴课文原句:JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondonsoexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女皇的私人医生。,【归纳】attendameeting/alecture/awedding参加会议/听演讲/参加婚礼attendon/uponsb.伺候某人；照顾某人attendto处理;注意倾听;专心于;照料,4.exposev.暴露;揭露;使曝光,课文原句:Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但当他想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时,他就感到很振奋。,【归纳】exposesth.揭露;显露出某事物exposesth./sb./oneself(tosth.)使某事/某人/自己暴露/显露exposesb.tosth.让某人接触某物beexposedto暴露于【温馨提示】exposesth.toto是介词,后接名词或动名词作宾语。,5.curen.治愈;痊愈vt.治愈;治疗;解决,课文原句:Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。,【归纳】cureforsth.治疗的方法curesb.ofsth.治愈某人的疾病;矫正某人的不良行为,辨析cure/treat/healcure“治疗,治愈”,多用于药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习惯。curesb.ofsth.treat治疗病人的全过程或活动,并不涉及“治愈”这个结果。treatsb.forsth.heal指治好外伤或烧伤后的患部(wound,cut,injury,burn,etc.),使伤口愈合;heal不能用来表示“感冒”等疾病的治愈。,6.challengen.挑战vt.向挑战,课文原句:JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisproblem.约翰斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。,【归纳】face/meetthechallengeof.面临/迎接的挑战takeup/acceptachallenge接受挑战【拓展】challengern.挑战者challengingadj.挑战性的,7.suspect课文原句:JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的,但是他需要证据。,【归纳】suspect作动词时,意为“以为,怀疑”,常用结构：suspect+that从句；suspectsb./sth.tobe.；suspectsb.ofdoingsth.。suspect作名词时,意为“嫌疑犯”。suspect作形容词时,意为“可疑的,不可信的”。,8.absorbv.吸收;吸引;使专心,课文原句:Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒吸收到体内的。,【归纳】o把吸收进absorb.from从中吸收/取beabsorbedin(doing)sth.专心(做)某事absorbonesattention吸引某人注意力【温馨提示】beabsorbedin(专心于),主语往往是人,并不表示被动,类似短语有:beburiedin专心于;belostin陷入;becaughtin被困于;bedevotedto致力于。,9.blamev.责备;谴责;把归咎于n.过失;责备,课文原句:Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看来水是罪魁祸首。,【归纳】blamesb.forsth./doingsth.因而指责某人blame.onsb.把.归咎于某人betoblame(forsth.)(主动表被动)应受责备accept/bear/taketheblameforsth.对某事承担责任put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人,10.contributev.捐献;贡献;捐助,课文原句:tocontribute(P4),【归纳】contribute.to.把贡献给;向投稿contributeto.导致;有助于;为作贡献makeacontribution/contributionsto.为作出贡献,1.putforward提出;推荐;把(表)往前拨;提前,(二)短语,课文原句:Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?谁提出的黑洞理论？,【温馨提示】在表示“提出”时,putforward和eupwith同义，都为及物动词短语。eup也有提出的意思,是不及物动词短语。,【拓展】putaside节省;储蓄;储存putaway放好;积蓄putoff延期;推迟puton穿上;演出putout熄灭;生产putup举起;张贴;公布;挂起;建造,2.link.to.将和连接/联系起来,课文原句:InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关系的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。,【拓展】belinkedto和有联系linkup(with)连接;结合;有联系link.with用把连接起来;联系join.to把与连接/联合connect.to把连接到connect.with把与联系/连接起来beconnectedwith与有联系,3.apartfrom除之外;此外,课文原句：Apartfromtheconstructionmentionedabove,youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.除了上面提到的结构,下面这些短语也是你学过的。,【辨析】apartfrom“除了之外”,可意为包括在内,也可意为不包括在内。otherthan“除了”,用于否定句。inaddition用于衔接上下文,可单独用于句首,也可以用于句中或句尾,用于句首或句中时要用逗号隔开。,inadditionto,aswellas,besides除之外(还有)(包括在内)except/exceptfor/but除之外(不包括在内)except+从句当时除外,4.makesense有意义;讲得通,课文原句:Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。,【拓展】makesenseof理解;明白makenosense没道理;没意义thereisnosenseindoingsth.做某事没道理inasense在某一方面;就某种意义来说innosense决不senseofhumor幽默感【温馨提示】innosense置句首时,句子用部分倒装。,【考例】See,yourputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesnt_sensetobuythecheapestbrandofputerjusttosaveafewdollars.A.haveB.makeC.displayD.bring句意:看,你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。考点:考查动词短语。考查动词短语的固定搭配：makesense有意义。根据句意可知选B。,B,1.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人们既不知道它的起因,又不知道它的治疗方法。neither.nor.既不也不,连接句中两个相同成分。,(三)句式,【拓展】类似并列词组还有：either.or.要么要么not.but.不是而是notonly.butalso不但而且它们连接并列主语时,其谓语动词的单复数都遵循就近原则。(主谓一致),e.g.Eitheryouorsheisgoodatdrawing.Neitherdadnormumisathometoday.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.,2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次爆发霍乱时,都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。everytime引导时间状语从句,相当于whenever,意思是“每当”。由名词充当连词,引导时间状语从句的还有:thefirsttime(第一次),thelasttime(最后一次),nexttime(下次),themoment(一就),anytime(任何时候)等。,e.g.EverytimeTomlistenstoheradvice,hegetsintotrouble.每次汤姆听从了她的建议,就会陷入麻烦。Everytimehecame,hebroughtmeanicebook.他每次来都给我带来一本好书。,3.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的,她特别喜欢那里的水,每天都要派人用水泵打水运到家里来。havesth.done结构。delivered是过去分词,作it的宾语补足语,表示被动关系。,语法,过去分词作定语和表语I.过去分词作定语【用法归纳】1.过去分词作定语，一般表示其与所修饰的名词之间是被动关系，且表示的动作已完成。,如：Youdbetterusetheboiledwatertomaketea.Thenursewassenttoattendtheinjuredman.,2.单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词前面，而过去分词短语作定语一般放在名词后面。如：Drunkpeoplearenotallowedtodriveacar.HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyCharlesDickens?Intheend,thesuggestiongivenbyMr.Smithwasadopted.,3.不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示完成的含义，不表示被动的含义。如：Thepolicearesearchingfortheescapedprisoner.Theoldmanoverthereisaretiredworker.,【拓展】done,tobedone和beingdone作定语的区别：它们都可作定语，表示被动意义，但时间含义上有所不同。过去分词表示被动的动作已完成；不定式的被动式表示被动的动作将要发生；动词-ing形式的被动式表示被动的动作正在进行。如：,Lucyknowslittleabouttheresearchplandiscussedatyesterdaysmeeting.Thefiveplayersareexpectedtotakepartinthefootballmatchtobeheldnextweek.Allofusmustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingtalkedabouthere.,II.过去分词作表语【用法归纳】1.过去分词可用在be,keep,remain,stay,seem,appear,look,feel,get等系动词后作表语，常表被动意义，用来说明主语的状态、性质、特征等。如：Mrs.Greenisconvincedthatherhusbandistellingalie.Thelivingroomiscoveredwithdust.,2.很多过去分词已经形容词化，此类词作表语或定语时，强调被动的含义不大，而更强调状态。常见的此类词有：satisfied,excited,bored,amazed,tired,pleased,astonished等。如：AsfarasTomisconcerned,heisextremelysatisfied.Jimseemsastonishedtoseehismother.,【拓展】有些动词如frighten,interest,worry,surprise等通常用其过去分词形式来说明人的感受,也可用来描述与人有关的事物,如look(表情),expression等；常用动词-ing形式来说明物的情况。如：Thelittlegirlgetsfrightenedwhenherfathershoutsather.Saratoldmeasurprisingthingjustnow.,【运用】用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Ifoundmyselfinan_(embarrass)situationlastnight.2.Thethieftriedtoopenthe_(lock)box.3.The_(expect)eventdidntoccur.4.The_(injure)womanwassenttohospitalquickly.,embarrassing,locked,expected,injured,5.Weneeda(n)_(balance)dietinordertokeepfit.6.Thedragonwasa(n)_(terrify)sightforthevillagers.The_(terrify)villagersranfortheirlives.,balanced,terrifying,terrified,说服性文章属于议论文。它是提出见解或主张并说明理由，从而使读者信服的文章。在写作的过程中，要用有说服力的论据来支撑自己的观点。说服性文章的写作通常按照以下步骤进行:一、引入话题，表明观点；二、阐述理由，支撑观点；三、总结全文。,写作,如何写说服性文章,【写作任务】最近,你校不吃早餐的同学越来越多,请你以“Donotskipyourbreakfast”为题给校报英语专栏写一篇短文,呼吁大家改掉这一不良习惯。注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；3.开头已给出,但不计入总词数。DonotskipyourbreakfastRecently,thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolwhoskipbreakfasthasincreasedgreatly.,【写作指导】审题定调这是一篇劝说大家勿漏掉早餐的议论文。写作时多用第一人称或第三人称，时态常用一般现在时。谋篇布局短文可以分成三段：第一段:引入话题(不吃早餐的同学越来越多),表明观点(不吃早餐是应该被摒弃的坏习惯);,第二段：阐述理由,支撑观点(早餐的重要性及不吃早餐的危害)；第三段：总结全文(综述不吃早餐的影响，并呼吁大家勿漏掉早餐)。,组织语言1.第一段：引入话题，表明观点。,2.第二段：阐述理由。,3.第三段：总结全文。,【范文展示】普通范文DonotskipyourbreakfastRecently,thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolwhoskipbreakfasthasincreasedgreatly.Ithinkitisabadhabittohavenothingforbreakfast.First,breakfastisthemostimportantmealinaday.Ifwedonthave,breakfast,wewonthaveenoughenergytodoourwork.Second,ifwedonthavebreakfast,wewilleatmorefoodatnoonandintheevening.Therefore,wemaygetfatbynoteatingbreakfast.Allinall,weshouldeatbreakfastforthegoodofourhealthandkeepingagoodbodyshape.Nomatterhowbusyweare,weshouldhavebreakfastontimeeveryday.,高级范文DonotskipyourbreakfastRecently,thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolwhoskipbreakfasthasincreasedgreatly.Inmyopinion,skippingbreakfastisabadhabitthatshouldbekicked.Foronething,breakfastoffersustheenergyweneedforthewholemorning.,Whenwearehungry,itshardforustokeepourmindonourstudies.Foranother,peoplewhoskipbreakfastwillconsumemorefoodatnoonandintheevening.Therefore,theextracalorieswillbestoredinourbodyandmakeusgainweighteasily.Inshort,skippingbreakfastleadstopoorschoolperformanceandpoorhealth,evenabadfigure.Therefore,donotskipbreakfastandhaveaproperbreakfasteveryday.,【实战演练】假设你是某国际学校的学生李华,请你代表同学们给美籍校长布朗先生写一封信,劝说他修建校内游泳池。要点如下:1.游泳运动的必要性；2.场地问题：操场旁边的空地；3.经费问题：学生们愿设法募款。,注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.信件的开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数。DearMr.Brown,Iamwritingtoyouonbehalfofthestudentsinourschool._Yourssincerely,LiHua,I.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Kelleris_(caution)aboutmakingpredictionsforthesuccessoftheprogram.2.Thestudyincludeda(n)_(analyse)ofaccidentstatistics.3.Thechemicalshavebeenidentifiedasasourceof_(pollute).,巩固练习,cautious,analysis,pollution,4._(announce)ofbirths,marriagesanddeathsappearinthelocalnewspaper.5.Bothproductsewithdetailed_(instruct)foruse.6.Theresnothing_(science)abouttheprocesstheyusetoselectpeople.7.Thegalleryisshowingtheworkofabstract_(paint).,painters,Announcements,instructions,scientific,II.选用方框内合适的动词并用正确形式填空(每个单词限用一次)。,amazebuilddepressdisplayinjuretakeembarrassentertaininvolvelock,1.Helooked_andnervouswhenIaskedhimwherehedbeen.2.Thescientists_inthisprojecthavebeentryingtogettothisstagefor13years.,involved,embarrassed,3.Thethieftriedtoopenupthe_cupboardbutfailed.4.Theyarereconstructingthehouse_inthe17thcentury.5.Thenewtheatreisgoingtocosta(n)_amountofmoney.6.Thetypeofvitamin_shoulddependonthegeneralstateofhealth.,amazebuilddepressdisplayinjuretakeembarrassentertaininvolvelock,taken,locked,built,amazing,7.Allthetoys_intheshopwindowattractedthechildsattention.8.Myunclewas_afterhisterribleexperience.9.The_womanwasputintoanambulanceandsenttohospital.10.Thepanyproduces_andinformativeprograms.,amazebuilddepressdisplayinjuretakeembarrassentertaininvolvelock,entertaining,displayed,depressed,injured,III.阅读下面材料,在空白处填