HND世界经济报告.doc

Unit Title: Economics 2: The World EconomyCandidate Name: Zirui WangStudent ID: 2009220Tutor: Lu WeiTitle of the Project: Report for Economics 2: The World EconomyWord Count: 2126Date of Submission: 10 January 2011Table of ContentsIntroduction4Procedure4Analysis on Element 14Analysis on Element 25Analysis on Element 36Analysis on Element 46Analysis on Element 57Analysis on Element 68Analysis on Element 79Analysis on Element 8 10Analysis on Element 9 10Analysis on Element 10 11Analysis on Element 11 13Analysis on Element 1213Analysis on Element 1314Analysis on Element 1415Analysis on Element 1515Summary 16Reference 17IntroductionAn Export Brand Manager who is providing an analysis of the current external environment in order that the Board of Directors can, with my assistance in the future, develop a marketing plan for the launch of a new product.ProcedureProblems of Blue Ribbon are facing, that are all the professional issues. Many of the resources of ideas come from the internet and SQA class material which the teacher Wei taught us. Analysis on Element 1We can import products from other countries to buy. There by increasing the range of products consumers buy.Through international trade will increase production efficiency to reduce production costs, allowing for increased industry profit margins increased national economic growth. To increase national production through international trade specialization, this product has a comparative advantage, the country pot specialization of production. Through specialization can reduce costs and improve efficiency. Countrys comparative advantage to play.(1)朗读显示对应的拉丁字符的拼音字典 - 查看字典详细内容可翻译 50 多种语言 hello Vr s snill Wie bitte? rouge nazdar! dti ! Je parle un petit peu franais. Hjelp! Je ne sais pas ! s t haydi gidelim escargots miracoloso Es ist sehr interessant! Cmo ests? . La voiture Wie gehts? Pardon ? hoje est ensolarado mijn vriend Buongiorno Principessa! Ich bin vierzig Jahre alt Wie heien Sie? Analysis on Element 2Free trade is a system of trade policy that allows traders to act and or transact without interference from government. According to the law of comparative advantage the policy permits trading partners mutual gains from trade of goods and services.（2）ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) is a trade bloc agreement by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations supporting local manufacturing in all ASEAN countries.The AFTA agreement was signed on 28 January 1992 in Singapore. When the AFTA agreement was originally signed, ASEAN had six members, namely, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Vietnam joined in 1995, Laos and Myanmar in 1997 and Cambodia in 1999. AFTA now comprises ten countries of ASEAN. All the four latecomers were required to sign the AFTA agreement in order to join ASEAN, but were given longer time frames in which to meet AFTAs tariff reduction obligations.(3)Analysis on Element 3In economics, principle of absolute advantage refers to the ability of a party (an individual, or firm, or country) to produce more of a good or service than competitors, using the same amount of resources. Adam Smith first described the principle of absolute advantage in the context of international trade, using labor as the only input.(4)In the 19th century the British textile industry has an absolute comparative advantage, its advanced production technology, high production efficiency. The late 20th century, increased production costs. Production technology in developing countries catch up with Britain, the British textile industry reduced production efficiency, comparative advantage gradually disappeared.朗读显示对应的拉丁字符的拼音字典 - 查看字典详细内容可翻译 50 多种语言 hello Vr s snill Wie bitte? rouge nazdar! dti ! Je parle un petit peu franais. Hjelp! Je ne sais pas ! s t haydi gidelim escargots miracoloso Es ist sehr interessant! Cmo ests? . La voiture Wie gehts? Pardon ? hoje est ensolarado mijn vriend Buongiorno Principessa! Ich bin vierzig Jahre alt Wie heien Sie? Analysis on Element 4Protectionism is the economic policy of restraining trade between states, through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas, and a variety of other government regulations designed to discourage imports, and prevent foreign take-over of domestic markets and companies.(5)In a bid to get the United States to eliminate tariffs on imported ethanol, the Brazilian government has announced it will reduce their tax on ethanol imports to zero from the current 20 percent through the end of next year.(6)In January 16, 2010 United States plans to introduce policies to increase tariffs on imports of French Roquefort. The purpose is to increase the protection of their cheese production industry.Analysis on Element 5Typically, tariffs (or taxes) are imposed on imported goods. Tariff rates usually vary according to the type of goods imported. Import tariffs will increase the cost to importers, and increase the price of imported goods in the local markets, thus lowering the quantity of goods imported.Mexico published an updated list of U.S. products subject to tariffs in its official gazette, including a 5-percent tariff on U.S. ham and other pork products. New tariffs were also set on other food items such as sweet corn and some manufactured goods.America imposed a 100 per cent import duty on a long list of EU products on Thursday, but singled Roquefort out for a 300 per cent tariff (7).Direct subsidies: Government subsidies (in the form of lump-sum payments or cheap loans) are sometimes given to local firms that cannot compete well against foreign imports. These subsidies are purported to protect local jobs, and to help local firms adjust to the world markets.Analysis on Element 6The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible (8).The result is assurance. Consumers and producers know that they can enjoy secure supplies and greater choice of the finished products, components, raw materials and services that they use. Producers and exporters know that foreign markets will remain open to them.At the heart of the system known as the multilateral trading system are the WTOs agreements, negotiated and signed by a large majority of the worlds trading nations, and ratified in their parliaments. These agreements are the legal ground-rules for international commerce. Essentially, they are contracts, guaranteeing member countries important trade rights. They also bind governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits to everybodys benefit.Analysis on Element 7Elimination customs duties and quotas on imports and exports of goods between member states.Establishment of a common customs tariff and commercial policy towards one member sates.Abolition of obstacles to the free movement of persons, services and capital between member sates.Establishment of common policies for agriculture and transport.Management of a uniform visa, easy movement of persons.Using the common currency is settled in Euros to help the flow of products and services. At the same time encourage the promotion of capital flows in different countries. A uniform tariff in the EU policy in the EU tariff reductions on foreign countries, a uniform tariff policy to ensure the EU as a whole (9).Analysis on Element 8Balance of payments is divided into two aspects, the current account and capital account, capital account also known as the financial account. Interest income and expenditure, and is divided into four categories, which trade in goods, services, income and current transfer trade. The capital account records changes in ownership of capital and financial account inflows and outflows of money to follow the traces. 2009 current account deficit 15.5 billion pounds it is, and a 32 billion pound surplus recorded in 2009, in 2009, the financial account recorded a net inflow of 5.6 billion pounds (10).Analysis on Element 9Low 70s, 81 years due to North Sea oil export earnings, followed by an overall decline, a slight improvement in the early 90s, the difference between the late 90s is growing again, up to 9.0 billion in 2008.70 to 80 end of the decade of slow growth, 85, 87 years of fast growth is due to the financial markets open late 80s to slow growth in the early 21st century, reached its peak in 2008, more than 50 million (10).Analysis on Element 10We have already suggested that if the value of currency rises imported goods will be cheaper, therefore the trade in goods is likely to move into deficit. Inflation may be lower because domestic firms may reduce price. The price of imported raw materials may go down again affecting the trade aspect. manufacturing firms might for example build up stocks at the cheaper price.If the value of a currency falls then amongst the consequences will be:If the value of a currency falls then amongst the consequences will be:1. Domestic goods and services will be cheaper both in foreign and domestic markets. a country which has reduced the value of its currency would certainly be looking to sell more abroad. This should mean an improvement in trade in goods.2. It could encourage firms and individuals to invest abroad in that the foreign currency earned will be worth more when to the domestic markets. If an exchange rate cannot be maintained at the agreed fixes rate then action will need to be taken. a persistent surplus could be dealt with by measures which allow domestic consumers to feel confident to purchase more. If the domestic economy cannot respond then imports would probably increase and exports might become less competitive. Reducing restrictions on imports might also help. If the opposite were the case, that is, there is a persistent deficit then measures could be used to restrict domestic demand and also to place greater restrictions on imports (11).For example1:10 a pound against the RMB to buy the things B half the purchase price paid, 6 months after the depreciation of sterling, and the remaining half of the money to pay. Depreciation of the pound under the circumstances, RMB, will cause the loss of B that received less money.Analysis on Element 11The advantages of using the euro as the UK reduce exchange rate uncertaintythe UK pound will be at the same rate for all euro membersThe advantages of using the euro as the UK is transparency, the above also reduces the scope for price discrimination and will help create pressure to keep prices low.Disadvantages of using the euro as the UK，loss of independent monetary policy scope for fiscal policy adjustments is restricted by need to stay within 3% of GDP.Disadvantages of using the euro as the UK，inability to devalue independentlyindividual governments lose this policy instrument (12).Analysis on Element 12Personal: 1. Use of the euro in the European Union, in the travel or buy different products to reduce the cost of swap. 2. Use of the euro in the European Union, to facilitate the comparison of prices. 3. When wages are easy to use the euro within the EU cross-border work and competition. 4. From the consumer point of view, the use of the euro within the EU to increase the range of products to purchase goods with the choice, and there is no additional cost.Business: 1. European Union use the euro region to increase competition. 2. Use of the euro within the EU to reduce red tape when the swap process 3. In the European Union use the euro to increase the companys expansion opportunities. 4. In the European Union use the euro reduces the cost of overseas investment. 5. Use of the euro in the EU cross-border clearing wages to attract talent (13)Analysis on Element 13Although generally more orientated towards agriculture, the land in these countries is usually poor and heavily affected by drought and floods with aid often being sought from different countries as crops fail.Education is at best simple and often non-existent. Health care is also minimal which means that the population cannot sustain physical performance (14).Analysis on Element 14Driven primarily by the Sudanese oil economy, but oil prices have a great impact on the economy, the Sudan too dependent on oil revenues led to instability. Sudan over-reliance on a single product (15).Analysis on Element 15Japans Honda automobile company in Guangzhou, China to solve the employment problem, promote economic development. U.S. Coca-Cola, beverage production in Shanghai, China to solve the employment problem, promote economic development. Increase employment.Bring in new methods and technology.Increase income.May eliminate domestic competition.May move if they see the possibilities of reducing costs elsewhere.May transfer profit back to home country (16).2.跨国公司的资本流入，加速了发展中国家对外贸易商品结构的变化。Summary In conclusion, the word economy is a complex system. Every country is the import elements in world. World Trad