电大英语的论文

电大英语的论文ContentsAbstract.1Chapter I Introduction.21.1 The importance of English teaching in middle schools.21.2 The present difficulty of English teaching in middle schools.2Chapter The present situation of English teaching in middle schools.42.1 A brief description of various English teaching methods .42.1.1 The GrammarTranslation Method.42.1.2 The Direct Method.42.1.3 The Audio-lingual Method.5 2.1.4 he Communicative Approach.52.2 The present development of English teaching in middle schools.5Chapter English teaching goal in middle schools.7Chapter The content of English course in middle schools.8 4.1 Pronunciation teaching.84.2 Vocabulary teaching.84.3 Grammar teaching 4.4 Reading teaching.94.5 Writing & translation teaching.10Chapter The factors influencing the teaching process.115.1 External factors.115.1.1 Teaching material.11 5.1.2 Teaching equipment on seeing and hearing.115.2 Internal factors.115.2.1 The situation of students knowledge acquired.11 5.2.2 Motives and attitudes.11 Chapter The effective teaching ways.126.1 To create good environment of teaching.126.2 To adjust the negative psychology. 12Conclusion.14Acknowledgements.15Bibliography.16English Teaching Research in Middle SchoolsAbstract: In view of the present situation of English teaching in middle school., the teaching foundation is very weak and the whole standing of foreign language teaching is not well, so I analyze the English teaching in middle school from such aspects as the teaching goal, teaching process, the internal and external factors influencing the teaching process, survey and examine and so on. Now, English teaching appeals the ordinary attention of the whole society, a lot of English teachers work hard and explore a kind of teaching methods in their spare time. Although it promoted the English teaching to certain extent, the present situation of English teaching is still not satisfying in our country. At present, the domestic and the foreign English teaching in the educational world have highly done special research work, and provided the scientific basis for the teaching practice from different aspects. We should explore a kind of foreign language teaching system realistically which conforms to our country national condition.Key words: English teaching; middle School; explore 摘 要：针对我国中学英语教学基础比较薄弱以及整个教学水平不是很好的现状,因此,我将从教学目标、教学过程、影响教学过程的内外部因素、测量与评估等几个方面对中学英语教学作分析。现在,由于英语教学受到社会的普通重视，许多中学英语教师在教学之余，努力学习和探索各种教学法,这在一定程度上促进了英语教学。尽管如此，英语教学的总体情况却不尽令人满意。目前，国内外的英语教学界进行了高度的专门研究工作，从不同角度为教学实践提供了科学依据。因此，我们应实事求是地探索一种符合我国国情的外语教学体系。关键词：英语教学；中学；探索Chapter IntroductionIn view of the present situation of English teaching in middle schools, the teaching foundation is very weak and the whole standing of foreign language teaching is not well, so we can analyze the English teaching in middle school from the teaching goal, teaching process, influence teaching process internal and external factor, survey and appraisal and so on. I will analyze some efficient teaching methods which can benefit English teaching from our real situation. So the English teaching research is very important. However, there is still some difficulties in foreign language teaching in our secondary schools.1.1 The importance of English teaching in middle schoolsAs far as we know, with the development of science and economy, English is now a recognized international language, which has become an indispensable subject for ones educational advancement and a passport for many opportunities. Many people have recognized that learning English is vital important. With no exception, many parents hope their children to learn English as well as possible.Meanwhile, with the furthering development of reforming and opening to the outside world, we are communicating with foreign countries with an increasing frequency, as a result, the requirement of English teaching will become more and more high. So we should speed up the rate of improving our English teaching level and try our best to optimize the various elements which is influencing our English teaching, such as English education policy, English outline, English teaching material, teaching aid, English teaching method, teachers quality and student-self factor, etc. It is our duty to make English teaching get further development. Consequently, to make more contribution for our English teaching can catch up with the world advanced level and beyond it, and then, to fulfill our country modernization finally.1.2 The present difficulty of English teaching in middle schoolsAlthough people have known English is so important in our modern life, the acquisitions of Chinese and English are quite different in many aspects. Especially, for English learner, for example, junior students. They do not normally speak the language. For them, they can only learn from very limited sources, such as textbooks, videos or TV programs. Therefore, the language input is very limited. It is not good for learner to learn.In the 21th century, the society has taken ordinary attention on the English teaching. There have been a lot of English teachers not only work hard, but also explore teaching method, and it actually promoted the English teaching is not satisfying. For many years, programs that prepared language teachers gave little attention to the English teaching methods should be chose according to the practical condition. What is worse, some books introduce the ways to how to learn English successfully, such as words, spoken English, grammar. They hold that people learn English without the help of any teachers.It is not difficult to know that the English teaching in middle schools has become more and more difficult as a result of the influence of the various elements. Therefore, how can we make junior students achieve the primary ability of applying English during the only three years in secondary school? Especially, junior students to have a good grasp of reading. This often has inseparable relationship with the thought and method of English teaching. Chapter The Present Situation of English Teaching in Middle SchoolsAt present, in our country, there are two big tasks which are reform and development about English teaching in middle schools. Looking back to the history of English teaching in secondary school, the various foreign language teaching schools influence our English teaching. We should use the historical experience for reference.2.1 A brief description of various English teaching methods During the past years, many experts and scholars have been studying English teaching from different perspective, there are many papers and books on how to teaching English in middle schools, most of the methods we know, and these methods more or less influence our country foreign language teaching. Here list the methods such as GrammarTranslation Method, the Direct Method, the Audio-lingual Method, the Communication Method.2.1.1 The GrammarTranslation MethodThe GrammarTranslation Method is a method of foreign or second language teaching which uses translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities. At one time it was called Classical Method since it was first used in the teaching of classical languages of Latin and Greek. Some linguists believed that all languages originated from one language and were ruled by a common grammar. Its main feature is grammar is the core of language and language materials are arranged according to the grammar. The main teaching activities are analysis, explanation and translation, and the major practice is translating from and into the target language. The teaching method focus is reading and writing.Its advantage is that it help students develop reading comprehension and production of written language, but it overemphasis on translation, dependence on first language. It puts too much emphasis on reading and writing, and neglects listening and speaking. It is not meeting the communicative and practical needs of the students.2.1.2 The Direct MethodThe Direct Method insists that only the target language should be used in class and meaning should be communicated “directly” by associating speech form with actions, objects, mime, gestures, and situation. It emphasizes the importance lf spoken language, therefore, it holds that reading and writing should be taught only after speaking. The advantage can be found in the Direct Method is that the use of target language in the classroom gets students to form the habit of thinking in the target language, which is necessary in efficient real communication. But it has a high demand on the teacher. It requires native speaker teacher or teacher who have native speaker-like fluency in the target language, for this, in our country, especially in countryside, it is a serious problem because of certain factors.2.1.3 The Audio-lingual Method At the beginning of the 20th century 70s, we had introduced and complied some teaching material of the Audio-lingual Method. The method emphasized the teaching of speaking and listening before reading and writing. It uses dialogues as the main form of language presentation and drills as the main training techniques. Mother tongue is discouraged in the classroom. It is also named the mim-mem method, because the method uses exercises such as pattern practice dialogues which make use of the imitation and memorization of material presented as a model. In terms of the method, teachers complain about the lack of effectiveness the techniques in the long run, and students complain about the boredom caused by endless pattern drills. Learners have little control over the content, pace or style of learning. Instead, teacher is domination of the class. Obviously, the method is not conform to the model idea that students are main of teaching and learning.2.1.4 the Communicative ApproachIt begins to influence our foreign language teaching since 80s, the Communicative Approach is an approach to foreign or second language teaching which emphasizes that the goal of language learning is communicative competence. Some educational experts claim that it embodies marrow of grasp the communicative competence to apply English. In our country, we have published some material about Communicative Approach, such as Communicative English for Chinese for Chinese Learners, New English Course, particularly, English for China which the nine-year compulsory education in Junior English Published by Peoples Education Press together with British Longman Publishing. It indicates that the Communicative Approach dominated in English teaching field. This method develops students the communicative competence, to determine the learning objective from the students practical need, and the process of English teaching is modernization. However, the main principle with varying degrees of change and modification, have had a lasting impact on materials and methods that should not be underestimated.2.2 The present development of English teaching in middle schools In react years , the foreign language teaching method of middle and small school in our country is improving and the quality of teaching is enhancing continually, but the methods are still obsolete and we lack the teaching theory and the experience summary, so it could not be satisfying. Although the student has remembered many words, sentence pattern, and grammar rule, even they can recite long conversation, but they have not enough ability to use the language in their lives communication, and it is difficult for them to meets the spoken language needs. Some foreign language teachers have not enough realized that its scientific nature, complex, artistic understanding, and neglected combine the foreign language teaching with our country realistic condition. The teachers did not take it as knowledge to research. We examine the foreign language teaching from the angle which the human relations carefully, therefore, must renew the idea, and to develop the foreign language quality education. Like this, it can adapt our country foreign language teaching needs to continually develop, and the adaptation is also the 21st century raise multi-skill talented persons needs.Moreover, the development of English teaching made big progress in our country. 1).There have been a series of foreign language policy is favorable to English teaching, such as English has been a major subject in general education and higher education. Various English education goal, it has a higher requirement on English about professional job title, promotion and go abroad to make an advanced study. 2).There has set down teaching outline. To present to public that junior English new teaching material compiled by Britain and Chinese, a lot of teaching reference books have published and complement books as well as videos material and so on. 3).Various teacher-training colleges English major has cultivated a lot of English teachers with high quality for junior schools. 4).The whole society has recognized more clearly that the importance of learning English, it creates good environment to learn English. 5).What is more, a large scale of junior students have high enthusiasm to learn English. They not only have clear goal but also their learning method get improved continually.Chapter English Teaching Goal in Middle SchoolsThe teaching goal can divide broad and narrow sense. The broad teaching goal refers to a curriculum goal, and here it is English study goal in middle school. However, the narrow teaching goal may be a stage, a unit or a class goal. As far as we know, middle school English is the elementary education, we must distinguish it with the vocational education and short-term training. The former mainly is raises students the basic capability of hearing, reading, writing, and translates, it will help them to build the foundation for later when they will be engaged in some specialized work. The later just is some exact goals, for example, CET. It has strong specialized training. And then, in middle school study is introduction of English, so it is important to cultivate students ability of listening and speaking as well as the reading skill. At the same time, teachers should develop students confidence and interest on studying English. So during this period, we should keep students to acquire the accurate pronunciation, because it is base of speaking. Simultaneously, teachers should enable the student to grasp some commonly used glossaries. Because only the sentence can completely express the significance, Therefore, it is advisable that let the student study the word in the sentence. And the sentence must be pure English, not Chinglish. The teaching goal is different, so the teaching method has the difference naturally. Through learning and research of the new junior English material, we can know that the new teaching material main feature is that focus on the relationship between language and life , and the language knowledge and spoken language. And with the purpose that through the training of listening , speaking, reading and writing to make student acquire the English elementary knowledge and grasp the ability of English communication. On the other hand, to stimulate students study interest and help students to develop good habit of studying for taking elementary foundation for further study after junior.Chapter The content of English course in middle schools The process of English teaching is an organic whole which refers to Pronunciation teaching, Vocabulary teaching, Grammar teaching, Reading teaching, Writing & translation teaching. They are connected closely with each other, but they also have difference. It will show my analyses blow:4.1 Pronunciation teachingThe pronunciation teaching is a critical stage for the English beginner. It will influence directly their confidence of studying English and the situation of mastering overall knowledge that the student whether master the pronunciation skill or not, It is worth noticing the voice lesson is not Voice Lessons Study. For beginners, especially teenagers the ability to imitate is very strong, teachers do not to teach the esoteric theory of some pronunciation, and parts of pronunciation in the voice lesson. If students were required to master the pronunciation key, type of mouth, tongue bit and so on, it will just increase the degree of difficulty so that students will have the fear of difficulty. And at last, they just feel that they are tired of studying English and have lost the interest to English. But to enable students to acquire a pure voice by imitation and drill, and advisably correct the type. Therefore, students should not study the phonetic immediately after learning the letters because it is so easily that lead to mutual interference. In a word, the first study a few simple words and sentences after students acquired the letters, and then to study the phonetic transcription. It is probably that the effect of study is better.4.2 Vocabulary teachingA essay is formed by sentences, a sentence is formed by many words, so the vocabulary teaching is very important. However, the most difficult for learners possible are to memorize the word. Lot of students to recite word