英语专业八级辅导精讲.ppt

人文知识 “开心词典”,1._ is the capital city of Canda. Vancouve Ottawa Montreal York,好，请听题，说,2. U.S. presidents normally serve a (an)_term A. eight-year B. four-year C. Six-year D. two-year,好，请听题，说,解答：,美国总统人选每4年进行一次。美国法律规 每逢以4能除尽的年份11月的第一个星期一后 的星期二举行大选，选总统和副总统，任期4 年。每逢逢双的年份举众议员，任期2年;并改选 1/3的参议员，任期6年。,3. The capital city of Australia is_ A. Sydney B. Melbourne C. Canberra D. Porth,好，请听题，说,4. The novel Emma is written by_ A. Jane Austin B. Elizabeth C.Gaskell C. Charlotte Bronte D. Mary Shelley,好，请听题，说,5. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry is most famous for_ A. His poems B. His plays C. His novels D. His short stories,好，请听题，说,6. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet? A. William Wordsworth. B. George Elliot. C. George G. Byron. D. Percy B. Shelley.,好，请听题，说,7.The speech act theory was first put forward by_ A. John Searl B. John Austin C. Noam Chomsky D. M.A.K. Hailliday,好，请听题，说,解答：,言语行为理论是由英国哲学家奥斯汀提出的假说。60年代、英国哲学家JL. Austin奥斯汀和J. Searle 塞尔勒先后发表了“语言行为”的理论。根据奥斯汀的言语行为理论.当人们出每句话时，不管其是否含有行为动词，都包括有说”的成分和“做”的成分，而 且所说的话还会对听话人产生某种效果。也就是说.人们在说出话语的同时实施了三种不同的行为：即言内行为（Elocutionary act) 言外行为(Illocutionary act)和言后行为perlocutionary act)。,8. The study of_ is Syntax. A. textual organization B. sentence structure C. word formation D. language functions,好，请听题，说,10. which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness. B. Productivity. C. Cultural transmission. D. Finiteness.,好，请听题，说,解答,语言的区别性特征包含有五个特征: Arbitrariness(任意性) Productivity(能产性) Duality(双层性) displacement(不受时空限制性) cultural transmission(文化传递性),11.The novel The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn is written by_ A. Henry James B. O. Henry C. Harriet Beecher Stower D. Mark Twin,好，请听题，说,好，请听题，说,12. Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A. landlady B. greenhouse C. uplift D. unacceptable,13. George Bernard Shaw was a (an)_ A. playwright B. poet C. novelist D. essayist,好，请听题，说,14. The statement “ You cannot step into the same river” was said by_ A. Aristotle B. Heracleitus C. Socrates D. Pythagoras,好，请听题，说,15. Tames Watt created a_ in 1769. A. Spinning Mule B. Steam Engine C. Power Loom D. Spinning Genny,好，请听题，说,16.The Bible was originally written by_ A. Latin B. English C. Hebrew D. Arabic,好，请听题，说,17.No.10 Downing Street is_ A. office of British Navy B. office residence of Prime Minister C. seat of English Parliament D. official residence of King,好，请听题，说,18. Which of the following is not the work of Francis bacon? A. Advancement of Learning B. New Instruments C. Songs of Innocence D. Essays,好，请听题，说,19. William Wordsworth is generally known as_ poet A. romantic B. naturalist C. realistic D. neo-classic,好，请听题，说,20. The distinction between language and parole is proposed by_ A. Halliday B. Saussure C. Chomsky D. Firth,好，请听题，说,英语国家概况,1. There are three political divisions, _on the island of (Great Britain). A. England, Scotland and Ireland B. England, Scotland and Wales C. England, Scotland and Northern Iceland D. Northern Iceland, Wales and Scotland 解答(B)： 大不颠有三大政治区:England(英格兰)、Scotland(苏格兰)和Wales(威尔士)，其中人口最多，面积最大的岛是英格兰England,2. Which work describes the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy? Antigone B. Odyssey C. Illiad D. Oedipus the King 解答(C)：lliad伊利亚特描述了 Agamemnon（阿伽门侬)领导的Troy(特洛依战争）,3.The Roman led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in_ A. 200 B.C B. 55 A.D C. 55 B.C D. 410 A.D 解答:C 公元前55年 有恺撒大帝领导的 罗马人首次入侵Britain， 而罗马 人撤出Britain是在公元410年,4. Between 1337 and 1453 the_ took place in Britain. A. Wars of Rose B. Black Death C. Hundred Years War D. Peasants uprising 5. William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hasting in_ A. 1066 B. 1086 C. 1381 D. 1045,6. Most of the land belonging to the Saxons was confiscated by William and given to_ A. The Danes B. the Irish C. The Norman barons D. The Scots,7.The first Civil War in Britain lasted from_ to _. A.1600-1604 B. 1640-1644 C. 1642-1646 D. 1646-1650,(Puritian Revolution),8. Who led the Peasants Uprising in Britain? A. Watt Tyler B. Henry Turner C. Richard D. Stephen,9.Which of the following king was executed in Britain civil war? A. James B. Charles C. James D. Charles ,10.The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of_. A. Elizabeth B. Henry C. Cromwell D. Charles ,10.From 1649 to 1658 English was called Commonwealth. It was first led by Oliver Cromwell as _. A. President B. Lord protector C. Lieutenant General D. Commander OF THE New Army,11.Westminster Palace is the _ Seat of British House of parliament Seat of English Church Residence of King and Queen Residence of Prime Minister ( No.10 Downing Street),13. The Middle Ages is also called the_ A. “ Age of Faith” B. “ Age of Christianity C. “ Age of Holy Spirit” D. “ Age of Literature”,12. Which of the following is by far the most influential in the west? A. Christianity B. Buddhism C. Islamism D. Judaism,14.Startford-on-Avon is a famous place where _was born. A. John Milton B. William Shakespeare C. Ben Johnson D. Thomas Gray,15.The oldest university in Britain is_. A. Sunday Times B. St. Andrews University C. Oxford D. Edinburgh University,16.The Tories were the forerunner of_, which still bears the nickname today. A. the Liberal Party B. the Labor Party C. the Conservative Party D. the social Democratic Party,17. Today, the city of London is the business center of London where you can find_ A. big supermarket B. theaters and cinemas C. large financial organizations D. restaurants and cafes,18.In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of_ A. the Lord Chancellor B. the Prime Minister C. the speaker D. the Parliamentary Commissioner,19.The real center of power in Britain Parliament is_ A. the King or the Queen B. the House of Commons C. the House of Lords D. the Cabinet,20. The oldest part of British Parliament is_ A. the House of Lords B. the House of commons C. the shadow of cabinet D. the Chamber 21.,22. The Gothic style started in_ and quickly spread through all parts of western Europe A. French B. English C. Hebrew D. Germanic,23.,The state of_ is rich in fishing and trapping. A. Hawaii B. California C. Alaska D. New York 2.The Harvard University is founded in_ A.1366 B. 1673 C. 1636 D. 1363,美国国家概况,3. The state to which Mayflower sailed is_ A. Florida B. Maine C. Virginia D. Massachusetts,4. The U.S.A. is known as “ Melting Pot” for its_ A. mixture of nationalities B. mixture of climates C. mixture of habits D. mixture of religions,6.,7.,8.,9.,10.,11.,12.,13.,14. 15.,17 18,19.,20.,21.,22.,23.,24.,Love your neighbor-but dont pull down your hedge. 爱你的邻居-但不要拆掉你的篱笆。 Content makes poor men rich; discontent makes rich men poor. 知足使贫穷的人富有；而贪婪使富足的人贫穷。 The world is full of fools and faint hearts; and yet every one has courage enough to bear the misfortunes and wisdom enough to manage the affairs of his neighbor. 这个世界到处是蠢人和怯懦者，然而每个人都有足够的勇气去忍受别人的不幸，有足够的智慧去管别人的事情。 If time being of things the most precious, wasting time must be the greatest prodigality. 如果时间是最宝贵的东西,那么浪费时间就是最大的浪费。 Lose not time; be always employed in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions. 不要浪费时间，做些有益的事情，停止一切不必要的行动。,25.,26.,27.,28.,Canada,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,7.,8.,12.,13.,14,英国文学主要分为六个时期：,1. Old and Medieval English Literature 中古英国文学 2. The Renaissance Period 文艺复兴时期 3. The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义时期 4. The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期 5. The Victorian Period 维多利亚时期 6. The Modern Period 现代时期,Old and Medieval English Literature,Romance is the most popular literature form in the medieval period. epic poem :Beowulf贝尔武甫 Geoffrey Chaucer(father of English Poetry): The Canterbury Tales The House of Fame Troilus and Criseyde,The Renaissance Period(14th mid-17th Century),1.Thomas More: Utopia 2. Edmund Spenser: “the poets poet” The Faerie Queene The Shepherds Calendar 3. William Shakespeare Four greatest tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Four great comedies: A Midsummer Nights Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like it, Twelfth Night.,4. Francis Bacon: the founder of materialist philosophy, the first English essaysit Essays , The Advancement of Learning , New Instrument 5. Christopher Marlowe :Doctor Faustus 6. Ben Jonson,The Neoclassical Period(1660-1798),The Neoclassical period refers to the one in English literature between the return the Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full assertion of Romanticism which came with the publication of Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集 by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798. The 18th century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.,1.John Bunyan The Pilgrims Progress 2. Alexander Pope: one of the first to introduce rationalism to England. An Essay on Criticism The Rape of the Lock 3. Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe,4. Jonathan Swift: Gullivers Travels 5. Henry Fielding(Father of the English Novel) Tom Jones 6. Samuel Johnson: To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield 7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan: The School for Scandal, The Rivals,Sentimentalism in English poetry,The appearance and development of sentimentalism marks the midway in the transition from classicism to its opposite romanticism in English poetry. Thomas Gray,The Romantic Period(1798-1832),English romanticism began in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges Lyrical Ballads, and ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death. Imagination, the major feature of Romanticism, replaced reason, the prevailing ideological tendency in the 18th century is neoclassicism. The literary form which is fully developed and the most flourishing during the Romantic Period is poetry.,William Blake: Songs of Innocence Songs of Experience 2.Robert Burns: A Red Red Rose Auld Lang Syne,The Romantic Period(1798-1832),The Romantic Period(1798-1832),3. William Wordsworth I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways , The Solitary Reaper 4. Samuel Taylor Coleridge Kubla Khan 5. George Gordon Byron Don Juan, Childe Harolds Pilgrimage,The Romantic Period(1798-1832),6. Percy Bysshe Shelley Ode to the West Wind 7. John Keats Ode to a Nightingale Ode on an Grecian Urn 8. Walter Scott: historical novels,The Victorian Period(1836-1901),The dominant ideological tendency of the Victorian literature is realism or critical realism. Victorian Period witnessed the rising of working class.,The Victorian Period(1836-1901),Charles Dickens (the greatest critical realist writer of the Victorian Age) Oliver Twist The Pickwick Paper David Copperfield Dombey and Son A Tale of Two Cities Bleak House Little Dorrit Hard Times Great Expectations,The Victorian Period(1836-1901),2.William Makepeace Thackeray Vanity Fair 3.Jane Austen 4. The Bronte Sisters Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights Anne Bronte: Agnes Grey,The Victorian Period(1836-1901),5. George Eliot Adam Bede The Mill on the Floss Silas Marner 6. Alfred Tennyson “Break, Break, Break”,The Victorian Period(1836-1901),7. Robert Browning (dramatic monologue) The Ring and the Book,The Modern Period,Joseph Conrad Lord Jim 2.Henry James: forerunner of the “stream of consciousness” Daisy Miller, The Portrait of a Lady, The Wings of the Dove, The Ambassadors, The Golden Bowl,The Modern Period,3. Thomas Hardy Under the Greenwood Tree The Return of the Native Tess of the DUrbervilles Jude the Obscure 4. John Galsworthy (The Forsyte Saga),The Modern Period,5. George Bernard Shaw Widowers House Mrs. Warrens Profession The Apple Cart Pygmalion Heartbreak House 6. Willam Butler Yeats When you are old,The Modern Period,7. T.S. Eliot The Waste Land Murder in the Cathedral 8. D.H. Lawrence Sons and Lovers The Rainbow Women in Love Lady Chatterleys Lover,The Modern Period,9.James Joyce Ulysses Dubliners 10. Viginia Woolf Mrs.Dalloway To the Lighthouse Orlando,英国文学,3.,4.,补充,5.,6.,7.,8.,9.,10.,11.,13.,14.,15.,16.,17.,18.,19.,20.,21.,22.,23.,24.,25.,26.,27.,28.,29.,30.,31.,32.,33.,34.,35.,美国文学主要分为四个时期：,1. Literature Around the Revolution of Independence 独立革命前后的文学 2. American Romanticism 美国浪漫主义文学 3. American Realism 美国现实主义文学 4. American Modernism 美国现代主义文学,1. Literature Around Revolution of Independence,Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography Poor Richards Almanack,2. American Romanticism,The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irvings The Sketch Book and ended with Whitmans Leaves of Grass.,American Romanticism,1.Washington Irving: The Sketch Book : The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Rip Van Winkle 2. James Fenimore Cooper: The Leather-stocking Tales,American Romanticism,3.Ralph Waldo Emerson: transcendentalism Nature, The American Scholar 4. Henry David Thoreau: Walden 5. Edgar Ellen Poe: The Raven, The Fall of the House of Usher, The Masque of the Red Death,American Romanticism,6.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 7.Nathaniel Hawthrone: (sin and evil) The Scarlet Letter Yong Goodman Brown The Ministers Black Veil The House of the Seven Gables,8.Herman Melville: Moby-Dick 9. Walt Whiteman: Leaves of Grass Song of Myself 10.Emily Dickinson:,American Realism(18651914),1.Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Toms Cabin 2. Mark Twain The Gilded Age The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Prince and the Pauper,American Realism,3.Henry James: forerunner of the “stream of consciousness” Daisy Miller The Portrait of a Lady The Wings of the Dove The Ambassadors The Golden Bowl,American Realism,4.Thedore Dreiser: Sister Car