上海初三英语首字母入门训练.doc

41Today there are 6 billion people on the earth. By the year 2050 there may be 12.5 billion. This is a lot of people to feed. We need more food.One way to produce more food is by g_1_ more productive (多产的) plants. Since 1983, scientists have been able to make plants more productive by c_2_ their genes. Foods from plants grown in this way are called genetically modified foods (转基因食品) or GM foods.By changing the genes of a plant, it is p_3_ to make new plants. They make plants which are strong against plant diseases. They can also help with our diseases: a kind of rice is being prepared, for example, which p_4_ people from becoming blind.GM plants are not n_5_. No one knows how good or bad they are. Making GM foods is only one way of feeding people in 2050. There: are strong feelings against them, because they are unnatural. They may feed people, then do h_6_ to them or their children later. But, both rich and poor countries are very interested in their use. In 2050 we may think d_7_ about them.42If you visit a big city anywhere in the world, you will probably find that a restaurant would serve the food of your own native country. Most large cities in the United States o_1_ international samples of foods. Many people enjoy eating the food of other nations. This is probably one reason why there are so many different kinds of restaurants in the United States. A second reason is that many Americans come from other parts of the world. They enjoy tasting the foods of their native lands. In the city of Detroit, for example, there are many people from w_2_ Europe, Greece, Latin America, and the Far East. There are many restaurants in Detroit which serve the foods of these areas. There are many other international restaurants too. Americans enjoy the foods in these restaurants as well as the c_3_ to better understand other people and their ways of life. One of the most c_4_ international restaurants to be found in the United States is the Italian restaurant. The restaurant may be a small business r_5_ by a single family. The mother of the family cooks all of the dishes, and the father and children serve the people who come to eat there. Or it may be a large restaurant o_6_ by several different people who worked together in the business. Many Italian dishes that Americans enjoy are made with meat, tomatoes and cheese. They are very d_7_ and tasty.43Do you feel a little sleepy after lunch? Well, thats normal. Your body n_1_ slows down then. What should you do about it? Don t reach for a coffee! I_2_, take a nap.There are many benefits (好处) of a daily nap. First of all you are more efficient (有效率的) after napping. You remember things better and make fewer m_3_. Also, you can learn things more easily after taking a nap. A 20-minute nap can reduce information overload (超载). It can also reduce stress. Finally, a nap may i_4_ your self-confidence and make you more alert (警惕的). It may even cheer you up.But, there are some s_5_ rules you should follow about taking a nap. First, take a nap in middle of the day, about eight hours after you wake up. Otherwise, you may disturb (打扰) your sleep-wake pattern. Next, a 20-30 minute nap is best. If you sleep longer, you may fall into a deep sleep. After waking from a deep sleep, you will feel w_6_. Also, you should set an alarm clock. That way, you can f_7_ relax during your nap. You wont have to keep looking at the clock and you wont oversleep.Now, the next time you feel sleepy after lunch, dont get stressed (受到压力). Put your head down, close your eyes, and take a nap. 44Carrots are grown on farms and in small family gardens throughout the world. They are easy to grow and easy to harvest. They have a pleasing taste.When people think about carrots, a picture of a long, t_1_ orange-colored vegetable usually comes to mind. But carrots come in many different sizes and s_2_, and not all carrots are orange.Carrots should be grown in sandy soil that does not h_3_ water for a long time. The soil also should have no rocks. Weather, soil, and age affect the way carrots taste. Experts say warm days, cool nights, and the right soil temperature are the best conditions for growing great carrots. Most people do not know that carrots can be grown during the winter months. If the winter is not cold enough to freeze the ground, you can grow and harvest carrots the same way as you do during the summer m_4_. If the ground does freeze in your part of the world, just cover your carrot garden with some plant leaves or straw. This will p_5_ the ground from freezing.Carrots need time to produce and develop their sugar. This gives them their taste. If they are harvested too early, they will not have enough sugar. However, carrots become wood-like and 1_6_ their sweetness if you wait too long to harvest them from the ground. The best way to decide if a carrot is ready to be harvested is by its color. Usually, the b_7_ the color, the better the taste. 45Eat your vegetables. Cut back on snacks. Our parents are always telling us to eat properly. When we are often reminded to choose healthy foods, the fun is taken out of eating. Sometimes it even makes you do just the o_1_: eat junk food (垃圾食品).Now theres a reminder to eat healthily: the Foods Pyramid. Created by nutrition experts at the University of Michigan in the United States, the pyramid is a funny, easy way to learn how to eat and what to eat.The pyramid has stripes in colors going from left to right. There are also pictures of all sorts of foods. Study it for a w_2_ and youll remember which foods are really needed in your d_3_. You 11 see that eggs and milk are kind of in the middle, and understand that you should probably eat less of them, said Monica Myklebust, a nutrition expert.“And learn that meat and chocolate are c_4_ to the top, so you should eat even fewer of these foods. At the very b_5_ of the pyramid is water. We know that our bodies are more than 50 percent water, so water is very important to our lives.”The pyramid also tells people that they should eat whole foods: tomatoes rather than tomato juice, oranges rather than orange juice. Juice has a lot less pulp (果肉) than the whole fruit, which is a good source of fiber (纤维). Juice quickly loses its n_6_ vitamin C.It also tells us that fresh garlic can help fight colds, sore throats and ear infections.There is even a little blank s_7_ at the very top for your favorite treat - chocolate chip cookies or strawberry ice cream, for example. Treats (款待) are good for us too, simply by making you feel better, Myklebust said. But remember, just once a day.46One way to take care of your car is by driving safely. Safe driving helps you avoid a_1_ that could hurt you, your car, or others. You should always follow the basic rules of driving that you learned when you got your drivers license.Some of these rules are listed below.As we flew in from the sea towards the airport, we passed over35Read, understand, and obey t_2_ signs and signals.If you need to correct your vision (幻影) when d_3_, do so at all times.Never drive recklessly (莽撞的) or over the s_4_ limit.Never drive after d_5_ alcohol.Use your lights, turning signals, and other safety features on your car.Be p_6_ to other drivers. This means things like letting other cars change lanes in front of you or stopping your car to let someone go first.W_7_ out for other drivers. Always keep your eyes out for drivers who may not be as careful as you are.47As we flew in from the sea towards the airport, we passed over the city and I could easily make out many of the landmarks such as the main square and the new hospital. Following instructions, we, f_1_ our seatbelts and waited expectantly for the plane to begin its final descent (降落). It was a quarter to four and we had reached our destination only a few minutes behind time. Instead of landing, however, the plane suddenly began to c_2_ again and then headed out to sea. After that we flew round and round in wide circles.“Always some d_3_,” grumbled (抱怨) the old man in the seat next to me. I have to deliver a lecture at five and at this rate I shall be late. These were the first words he had spoken during the flight and after this he lapsed (渐渐变得) once again into s_4_. I stopped the air-hostess as she was passing.“N_5_ to worry about,” she assured (明确告诉) me. “Its just that theres much traffic at the airport that we cant land yet.”As the monotonous (单调的) circling continued, the p_6_ grew restless. Somewhere at the rear a child began to cry; the woman in front of me began to c_7_. After about twenty minutes or so, however, the plane resumed its former path and began its slow descent towards the runway, touching down smoothly a few minutes later.48People travel in many different kinds of vehicles (运载工具) every day. Cars, buses, and trains help us get from place to place. But these vehicles arent in u_1_ all the time. So what happens when they are not being used? They need a place to park.Garage (车棚)Garages are built to shelter (遮蔽) the cars from the rain, wind and snow. They are often close to the houses where the car owners live. A garage can h_2_ one car, two cars, or even more. At big shopping centers, there are usually huge garages with several 1_3_, where many cars can park at once.Bus yard School buses take many children to school and home again each day. After every child has been dropped off, the driver takes the school bus to a bus yard. All the buses are kept together, and the drivers come back the next morning to do the job all over again! Buses that go on long trips park at bus stations. These stations are busy places. People go there to buy t_4_ to ride on the buses. There is sometimes even a s_5_ bar to buy food while you wait!Truck stop If you travel on the highway, you might see places with lots of big trucks gathered around. They are called truck stops. A truck stop is where trucks get refueled (加油) when they are carrying goods (货物) on long trips a_6_ the country. Truck stops often have restaurants so that the drivers can get refueled, too! Some truck stops o_7_ places for the drivers to take a nap so they can continue on their journey feeling less tired.49New blocks of flats are being built which provide more services than people enjoy in houses or older blocks of flats. There is not only electricity for lighting and p_1_, but also for central heating. Some flats have central air-conditioning system. The roofs are often flat, and part of the roofs can be used for d_2_ washing. There are staircases and lifts, storage (储藏) rooms, and sometimes a laundry (洗衣房) in the basement, an