国际结算专业词汇

国际结算专业词汇A Acceptance承兑 The act of giving a written undertaking on the face of a usance bill of exchange to pay a stated sum on the maturity date indicated by the drawee of the bill, (usually in exchange for documents of title to goods shipped on D/A terms) - see Collections Introduction. Acceptance Credit承兑信用证 A documentary credit which requires the beneficiary to draw a usance bill for subsequent acceptance by the issuing bank or the advising bank or any other bank as the credit stipulates - see Documentary Credits. Accommodation Bill融通汇票 In the context of fraud, a bill drawn without a genuine underlying commercial transaction. Accountee信用证申请人 Another name for the applicant/opener of a documentary credit i.e. the importer = the person for whose account the transaction is made. Advice of Fate（代收行向托收行发出的）托收结果通知 The Collecting Bank informs the Remitting Bank of non- payment/non-acceptance or (for D/A bills) of acceptance and the bill maturity date - see Handling Import Collections. Advising（信用证下的）通知 Act of conveying the terms and conditions of a DC to the beneficiary. The advising bank is the issuing bank agent, usually located in the beneficiary country - see Export - DC Advising.Advising also involves authentication i.e. advising bank should take reasonable care to check the apparent authenticity of the credit (ICC UCC 500 Art 7). Amendment（信用证下）修改 Alteration to the terms of a DC; amendments must stem from the applicant, be issued and advised to the beneficiary; the beneficiary has the right to refuse an amendment if the credit is irrevocable - see Amendments to DCs. Applicant（信用证）申请人 One who applies to his bank to issue a documentary credit; in the majority of credits issued the applicant is an importer of goods. Avalise（票据）担保 The act by a bank in guaranteeing payment of a bill of exchange or promissory note by endorsing the reverse with the words good per aval and signed by the bank, or by the issuance of a separate guarantee. BBack-to-Back Credit背对背信用证 A credit issued against the security back of another credit (master credit) on the understanding that reimbursement will stem from documents eventually presented under the first credit (master credit) issued - see Special DCs. It follows therefore that each side of a B/B transaction covers the shipment of the same goods. Beneficiary（信用证的）受益人，收款人 A payee or recipient, usually of money.A party in whose favour a documentary credit is established, usually the exporter. Bill for Collection (BC)托收票据 Document(s) or cheque submitted through a bank for collection of payment from the drawee. Bill of Exchange (B/E)汇票 An unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person, or to bearer. Bill of Lading (B/L)提单 A receipt for goods for shipment by sea. It is a Document of Title: see Documents. Bill Receivable (BR)应收票据 Bills which are financed by the receiving branch, whether drawn under a DC or not, are treated as BRs by both the remitting branch and the receiving branches - see Bills Receivable. Blank Endorsed空白背书 When a bill of lading is made out to order or shipper order and the shipper has signed on the back of it, it is said to be blank endorsed. The bill of lading then becomes a bearer instrument and the holder can present it to the shipping company to take delivery of the goods. C Carrier承运人 Person or company undertaking for hire the conveyance of goods e.g. shipping company Case of Need（托收业务下）需要时受托代理人 Agent nominated by a principal, to whom the collecting bank may refer in specified circumstances concerning collections - see the sections on Collections. Chaser催寻单 Reminder sent by the collecting (or DC issuing) bank to the importer, repeating a request for payment - see Handling Import Collections. Clean光票，清洁（提单） Used to describe a draft/cheque with no shipping documents - see Collections Introduction.Used to describe a bill of lading without clauses that expressly declare a defective condition of the goods or the packing. Clean Bill Purchased光票押汇 A collection bill purchased with no shipping Purchase documents - see Financing Export Collections. Clean Bill Receivable (CBR)应收票据 BR (Bill Receivable) with no shipping documents. The term is more often used for non-trade bills such as travellers cheques. Clean Collection光票托收 A draft with no documents Collection attached - see Collections ?Introduction? Clean Import Loan (CIL)无抵押进口贷款 A loan granted to an importer for payment of import bills, without the Bank having any claim to the goods. Collection Bank代收行 Bank in the drawee country that is instructed to collect payment from the drawee - see Collections Introduction. Collection Order托收指示，托收委托书 Form submitted, with documents, to the Remitting/Negotiating Bank by an exporter with his instructions - see Collections ?Introduction. Confirming保兑 Act of a bank other than the issuing bank assuming the liability for payment, acceptance or negotiation of correctly presented documents under a DC - see Confirmation of DCs. Consigment（运送的）货物 Shipment of goods. Consignee收货人 The person/company/bank to whom the goods are delivered - usually the importer or the Collecting Bank - see Handling Import Collections. Consignor托运人 Also called shipper, is the person/company who sends goods by ship, by land or air. Contingent Liability或有负债 A liability that arises only under specified conditions, e.g. when a bank opens a DC it incurs an obligation to make a future payment on condition that the terms are fully met. D DC Bills跟单信用证下的汇票 Bills drawn under documentary credits. Deferred Payment Credit (DPC)延期付款信用证 A DC which allows the nomination of a bank, or the issuing bank to effect payment against stipulated documents at a maturity date as specified or determinable from the wording of the credit. Demurrage滞期费，延误费 A charge made by a shipping company or a port authority for failure to load or remove goods within the time allowed. Discounting贴现 Act of purchasing an accepted usance bill of exchange at an amount less than the face value. Discrepancy不符点 Any deviation from the terms and conditions of a DC, or the documents presented thereunder, or any inconsistency between the documents themselves - see Negotiation under DCs. Dishonour退票，拒付 Non-payment or non-acceptance. Documentary Credit (DC)跟单信用证 A conditional undertaking by a bank to make payment, often abbreviated to credit. More precisely, it is a written undertaking by a bank (issuing bank) given to the seller (beneficiary) at the request of the buyer (applicant) to pay a sum of money against presentation of documents complying with the terms of the credit within a set time limit. Documents单据 The characteristics and importance of the various documents associated with Import/Export operations are explained and illustrated in Deciding on Documents. Documents Against Acceptance (D/A)承兑交单 Instruction for commercial documents to be released to the drawee on acceptance of the Bill of Exchange - see Collections ?Introduction. Documents Against Payment (D/P)付款交单 Instruction for documents to be released to the drawee only on payment - see Collections ?Introduction. Documents of Title物权单据 Documents that give their owner the right to the goods, i.e. Bill of Lading. Draft汇票 Bill of exchange issued by an exporter and submitted to his bank for collection, or under a DC - usually submitted with attached shipping documents - not to be confused with a bankers draft which is sometimes used as a vehicle for reimbursement. Drawee受票人 Party on whom a bill is drawn and the one to whom presentation is to be made according to the collection order - the importer (NB: for DC bills, the drawee is usually the DC issuing bank). Drawer出票人 The exporter, who draws the Bill of Exchange/draft which in itself is a claim for payment. Due Date到期日，付款日 Maturity date for payment E Expiry Date （信用证的）到期日 Latest date, usually in the country of the beneficiary, on which negotiation/payment of a DC can take place. F Financed Bills（托收行）融通了的汇票 Bills sent on collection in which the remitting branch has a financial interest. Foreign Bill Purchased (FBP)出口押汇汇票 A bill remitted to a correspondent bank in which the remitting branch is financing the exporter - see Financing Export Collections. Forward Exchange Contract远期外汇合同 Contract between the Bank and its customer to buy/sell a fixed amount of foreign currency at a future date at a specified rate. This could be for a customer to make payment under a DC or to sell the proceeds received from an export negotiation. Freight运输的货物，运费 Goods OR the cost of transporting goods. G General Average共同海损 Loss which is the result of a sacrifice voluntarily made or an expense incurred; for the sole purpose of saving a ship and its cargo in face of a common danger (e.g. jettison of cargo to lighten a ship in distress). The loss is borne proportionately by ship and cargo owners according to their respective interests in the voyage. Gross Weight毛重 The weight of the merchandise in its shipping form, i.e. including all its packaging. I ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) 322国际商会出版物第322号 Uniform Rules for Collections托收统一规则 ICC 323 Standard Forms for Issuing Documentary Credits跟单信用证标准格式 ICC 420 Guide to the Prevention of International Trade Fraud.预防国际贸易欺诈指南 ICC 460 Incoterms 1990. Explains the 13 standard Incoterms（International Commercial Terms）国际贸易术语 ICC 500 Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1993 revision) replaced the previous ICC 400 as from 1 January 1994.跟单信用证统一惯例 ICC 522 Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1995 revision修改版) replaced the previous ICC 322 as from 1 January 1996. Import License进口许可证 A permit issued by the importing countryS authorities in respect of goods subject to import licensing restrictions. Incoterms （International Commercial Terms）国际贸易术语 Shipping Terms装运条件 - see Introduction to International Trade. Indemnity 赔偿担保 Also known as Letter of Guarantee (L/G), it is an undertaking given in respect of discrepancies in documents presented under a credit. The beneficiary who issues the indemnity is primarily liable to repay funds received from the negotiating bank in settlement under the credit, if the negotiating bank cannot obtain reimbursement from the issuing bank as a result of documents being rejected by the applicant. Inherent Vice 内在缺陷 The propensity of a commodity to self-destruction which gives rise to a high insurance risk, therefore cover is given only after payment of an additional premium (e.g. fruit rots, coal-dust spontaneously ignites). International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) 国际商会 The international body which promotes and facilitates world trade, and which codifies world trade practices in various publications - see ICC Rules under Introduction to International Trade. Irrevocable Credit不可撤消信用证 Constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank and the confirming bank, if any, to honour the credit provided the terms of the credit are observed. It may be advised to the beneficiary without engagement by the advising bank, and cannot be amended or cancelled unless the issuing bank, the confirming bank and the beneficiary agree. Issuing Bank（信用证的）开证行 The bank that opens a documentary credit at the request of its customer, the applicant. L Letter of Credit (L/C)信用证 American term for documentary credit（跟单信用证）. In the United States, the terms D/C can often be confused for documentary collection. Letter of Hypothecation （出口）押汇合同 A promise to hold goods as security taken from customers who are granted loans against goods imported on a collection basis. Loan Against Imports (LAI)进口押汇 Loans granted to import customers for payment of bills. M Master Credit 母证，原始信用证 In back-to-back operations, the original export credit against which the second credit is opened Maturity （票据的）到期日 Due date of payment of a usance bill or promissory note. N Negotiable/Non-Negotiable 可流通/不可流通 Usually used with regard to Bills of Lading: a negotiable B/L is a valid document of title, while a non-negotiable B/L is not - the beneficiary of a DC (the exporter) may send the importer a non-negotiable B/L for information. Negotiation 议付，押汇 Purchase of drafts under a documentary credit which the issuing bank has undertaken to pay. Net Weight 净重 The weight of the merchandise before any packaging. Non-DC Bills 非跟单托收单据 Bills not drawn under DC（跟单托收） i.e. sent on a collection basis (D/P or D/A). In common usage we distinguish between Non DC bills which are financed collections and DCs which are non-financed. Non-Financed Bills 未贴现票据 Bills sent on collection in which the remitting branch has no financial interest. Noting 拒绝通知 The first stage in protest of a dishonoured bill: if instructed to protest for non-payment/non- acceptance, the collecting bank must send the bill to a notary public（公证人） who will represent it to the drawee on the same day it was refused, or the next business day. If the drawee still refuses the bill the notary public notes on the bill: the amount of his charges, the date and his initials. The reason for refusal is shown on a note attached to the bill. The bill is then protested - see Protest（拒绝证书）. O Opener 开证人（申请人） See Applicant. Opening Bank 开证行 See Issuing Bank. Order (To) （提单的收货人作成）按指令（表明可以背书转让） The phrase To Order is sometimes shown on Bills of Lading against consignee: this means that the Bill of Lading must be endorsed in blank by the shipper (i.e. not to any particular named party which makes it bearer document and it becomes transferable by delivery.) P Packing Credit 打包信用证 A loan given to the beneficiary by the bank to enable him to purchase raw materials. The beneficiary is usually requested to deposit（抵押） the DC（跟单信用证） with the bank as security. Past Due 过期 Bill or loan that has not been paid on the maturity date/due date. Paying Bank The bank that makes payment to the beneficiary of a payment DC after presentation to it of documents stipulated in the DC. Perils of the Seas 海难，海上风险 They are accidents or casualties of the sea. The ordinary actions of the winds and waves are not included. Heavy or tempestuous weather on a voyage is of sufficient violence to constitute a peril of the sea. Power of Attorney 代理证书 Authority given to one party to act for another. Presentation 提示（单据） Act of requesting the importer to make payment/acceptance of an import bill. - See Handling Import Collections. Presenting Bank 提示行 The bank that requests payment of a collection bill - may be the Collecting Bank or its nominated branch or local correspondent, which is better placed to contact the importer. Principal 委托人 The exporter in collection transactions, being the initiator of the transaction, whose instructions are followed at all stages (may be used to refer to any customer who initiates a transaction e.g. the opener of a DC). Promissory Note 本票 A signed statement containing a written promise to pay a stated sum to specified person at a specified date or on demand. Protest 拒绝证书（N），做成拒绝证（V） The formal representation of a dishonoured拒付了的 bill of exchange: the bill is presented by a notary public to the drawee - if refused again, it is noted?- see noting. The notary public then issues a formal protest, an official certificate that the bill has been refused: the drawer can use this certificate to sue the drawee in court. R Recourse （票据等的）追索 The right to claim a refund from another party which has handled a bill at an earlier stage. Red Clause Credit 红条款信用证 A credit with a clause which authorises授权 the advising bank to make an advance payment to the beneficiary - see special DCs. Reimbursing Bank 偿付行 The bank nominated by the DC issuing bank that will pay the value of the DC to the negotiating/paying bank. Remitting Bank 托收行 The exporters bank in collection transactions, which remits the bill to the collecting bank.The exporters bank in DC transactions, which dispatches the documents to the issuing bank. Retirement 赎回，付清本息 The act of paying or settling an outstanding bill or import loan; i.e. payment by the importer to the Bank. Revocable Credit 可撤消信用证 One that may be amended or cancelled without notice to the beneficiary. Revolving Credit 循环信用证 A credit automatically reinstated after each drawing or upon receipt of authorisation授权 from DC issuing bank, with limits as to the duration of the facility and as to the (cumulative or non-cumulative) amount involved for each drawing - see Special DCs. S Schedule （银行之间业务通讯用的）面函 The Remitting/Negotiating Banks letter covering a bill sent to the Collecting/Issuing Bank, which lists the documents attached and gives collection and/or payment instructions. Self-Liquidating 可将货物迅速变现的，自动偿付的 A transaction is said to be self-liquidating when there is a known source of funds available for its settlemen