（天津专用）2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破九词句猜测-代词指代题课件.ppt

九、词句猜测代词指代题,专题三第二节分类突破,真题感悟,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题感悟,(2017全国，B)IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968，whenGeorgeRoyHill，thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid，introducedusinNewYorkCity.WhenthestudiodidntwantmeforthefilmitwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaulhestoodupforme.Idontknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat；theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.,ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference，webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors：humorous，aggressive，andmakingfunofeachotherbutalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.,语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位著名演员保罗纽曼之间的友谊。,Wesharedthebeliefthatifyourefortunateenoughtohavesuccess，youshouldputsomethingbackhewithhisNewmansOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill，andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidntseeeachotherallthatregularly，butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.Hedbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas，andwedidnttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidntneedalotofwords.,语篇解读,24.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?A.PaulNewmanwantedit.B.Thestudiopowersdidntlikehisagent.C.Hewasntfamousenough.D.Thedirectorremendedsomeoneelse.,解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“WhenthestudiodidntwantmeforthefilmitwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaulhestoodupforme.”可知，电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出名，故选C项。,答案,解析,25.WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?A.Theywereofthesameage.B.Theyworkedinthesametheater.C.Theywerebothgoodactors.D.Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.,解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors：humorous，aggressive，andmakingfunofeachotherbutalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.”可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心，并互开对方的玩笑，即他们两人有相似的性格，故选D项。,答案,解析,26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.,解析代词指代题。根据第三段第一句“Wesharedthebeliefthat.”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使他们两人连在一起，故选A项。,答案,解析,27.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhisloveoffilms.B.Torememberafriend.C.Tointroduceanewmovie.D.Tosharehisactingexperience.,解析写作意图题。本文是按照时间顺序写的，从作者与保罗的最初相见，到友谊慢慢加深，以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友，故选B项。,答案,解析,名师点津,一、题型解读代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问形式常有：(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which.”referto?(2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which.”inParagraph.refersto“”.,二、解题技巧“就近原则”判指代第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。第二步：熟悉代词的含义(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。,第三步：替换核实再比较(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。例如：【真题感悟】中第26题，sharingthat与前面的sharedthebelief呼应，由此可推知，拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友；thebelief替换that后，经核实意义正确，故选A项。,随堂限时练,A(2018和平区三模)Holidaysarereallyimportant.Manyofuswillhavechildhoodmemoriesofsummerholidayswhereweweretakenawayfromhometoexperiencenewenvironmentsandlearnindifferentways.Butholidaysareexpensiveand，forthoseonlowwagesorlivingonbenefits，theyareoftenunobtainable.Eventhecheapestholidaysrequiretravelandotheradditionalcoststhataredifficultformanyfamiliestomeet.,Forworkingparents，thelongsummerbreakcanbeaverydifficultproblemforchildcare.Whenanannualleaveallowanceamountstoonlyfiveweeks，thereisaneedtospreadthisacrosstheyear.Couplescanfindthemselvestakingleaveinturninordertocareforchildrenwhoareonholiday.Forsome，thismakesevenanaffordablefamilyholidaydifficult.,TheschoolsthatIvisitinNottinghamarefullofexperiencedstaffmittedtogivingourchildrenacaringandinspiringlearningenvironment.ThenumberofchildrenreceivingfreeschoolmealsisquitelargeinNottinghamandmanyschoolshavebreakfastclubstomakesurethatchildrengetahealthystarttotheday.Mostschoolsundertakeprogramsofgrouporindividualeducationalsupport.Schoolsalsohaveanimportantroleinsafeguardingchildrenswelfarethroughtheongoingtouchandsupportwiththeirpupils.Duringthelongsummerholidays，muchofthisismissed.,WhileteachersareholidayingintheUK，manyoftheirpupilsspendthewholesixweeksonthestreetwheretheylive.Thelackoffreeschoolmealsforsixweekscanresultinpressureonafamilybudgetandaninabilitytoaffordtheinspiringexperiencesthathelpchildrentocontinuetheirlearning.Insettingoutitsplansforafive-termyear，NottinghamCityCouncil(委员会)isseekingtoreducethesummerholidaydowntofourandahalfweeks，withamorebalancedfivetermsofroughlyeightweeks，eachfollowedbyatwo-weekbreak.Webelievethiswillgivereal“downtime”forschoolstaffandpupilsalikebutwillbeshortenoughnottocausearealbreakinlearning.,Weacknowledgethatthischangemaybedifficultforsomeschoolstaff，particularlywhoseownchildrenareeducatedinotherauthorities.However，thismustbeweighedagainstthebenefitsforcitychildrenforwhomweallhavethegreatestdutyofcare.,1.Thepassageisprobablywrittenby.A.anexperiencedteacherB.aworkingparentC.aninspiredstudentD.acitycouncilmember,解析推理判断题。从文章倒数第二段“.NottinghamCityCouncil(委员会)isseekingtoreducethesummerholidaydowntofourandahalfweeks，withamorebalancedfivetermsofroughlyeightweeks.”和“Webelievethiswillgiverealdowntimeforschoolstaffandpupilsalikebutwillbeshortenoughnottocausearealbreakinlearning.”以及最后一段中“Weacknowledgethatthischangemaybedifficultforsomeschoolstaff.”可知，说话者的口气“我们相信”“我们承认”，由此推知作者是城市委员会的一员。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析代词指代题。根据画线后一词unobtainable“无法得到的”词义以及前面提到的“holidaysareexpensive(假期是昂贵的)”可知，代词they指代前文的holidays，意为“对于一些低收入家庭或靠救济而过活的家庭来说，假期是无法得到的”。,2.Theunderlinedword“they”inthesecondparagraphrefersto.A.environmentsB.holidaysC.wagesD.benefits,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“.NottinghamCityCouncil(委员会)isseekingtoreducethesummerholidaydowntofourandahalfweeks.”可知，假期被缩短到4.5周。,3.Itissuggestedinthepassagethatthesummerbreakbereducedto.A.2weeksB.4.5weeksC.5weeksD.6weeks,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句以及倒数第二段最后一句可知，学校将致力于为学生提供一个有爱的、激励的学习环境，而这种缩短假期的方案将使教职工和学生得到一个真正的休整时间且不影响学习。也就是说，通过缩短假期可以让大家在这样一个有爱的、激励的学习环境中受益更多。,4.Theplansforashortersummerholidaywillhelpstudents.A.obtainthecheapestholidayswithoutadditionalcostsB.getachancetospendsixweeksatermwithteachersinschoolC.benefitmorefromthecaringandinspiringlearningenvironmentD.havemoreschooldaystoreceivefreeschoolmeals,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Weacknowledgethatthischangemaybedifficultforsomeschoolstaff.”可知，一些学校员工将会反对这个计划。,5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.workingparentscanenjoyafive-weekbreaktocarefortheirchildrenB.thesuggestedplansforafive-termschoolyearcanhardlybecarriedoutC.thelongsummerholidaygivesteachersandstudentsreal“downtime”D.someschoolstaffwillsay“No”totheplansforashortersummerholiday,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,BIfyouworkhardtohaveapositiveattitude，youmightbesurprisedbyhowmuchbetteryoufeelaboutyourselfandlifeingeneral.Whenyouturnawayfromthenegativeandfocusonthepositive，youopenyourmindtoappreciatethegoodthingsaroundyouthatmighthaveotherwisegoneunnoticed.Havingapositiveattitudecanalsoreduceyourstresslevel.Thelessstressyoufeel，thebetteryouwillfeeloverall.Soifyouvebeenfeelingtired，putonahappyfaceandyoujustmightfeelbettersoon.,Buthowcanyouhaveapositiveattitudewhenlifeishard？Itsmorethanjustturninglifeslemonsintolemonade.Havingapositiveattitudecantakesomehardwork.Butitsworthit.Herearesomewaysyoucandevelopandmaintainapositiveattitudeeveninthemidstoflifestroubles.Apositiveattitudedoesntmeanignoringlifestroubles.Itjustmeansbeinganoptimistandlookingforthegoodinthings，ratherthanbeingapessimistandconcentratingonthebadinthings.Sometimesyourperspectivecanmakeallthedifferenceintheworld.,语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。积极乐观的心态能够使你保持良好的精神面貌，文章介绍了保持积极乐观的意义及若干方法，其中包括寻找事情中好的一面，微笑和锻炼。,Smileandlaugh！Yes，itcanbethatsimple.Learntolovelife，nomatterwhatsgoingon.Smileatothersandtheywillsmilebackatyou.Havefunandfindthehumorinlife.Sometimeslaughterreallyisthebestmedicine.Exercise！Getoffthecouchandgetmoving.Beingactiveandhealthycangiveyouapletelydifferentoutlookonlife.Whenyoufeelbetterphysically，youoftennaturallyfeelbettermentally，too.,语篇解读,解析指代猜测题。画线词所在句句意为：当你把注意力从消极的事情转移到积极的事情上时，你就会敞开心扉去欣赏你周围原本未注意到的美好事物。此处that引导定语从句，修饰先行词thegoodthings。,6.Theunderlinedword“that”inParagraph1probablyrefersto.A.thepositivefeelingsB.thegoodthingsC.thesurprisingresultsD.theimportanceoflife,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，保持积极乐观的态度能控制压力水平。故选D。,7.Wha