2019版高考英语大一轮复习 语法突破篇 10 代词和介词（短语）课件.ppt

第十讲 代词和介词（短语）,01,02,06,针对训练,代词,代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。与汉语不同，在英语中代词使用非常广泛。虽然代词的数量有限，但种类和变化却非常繁多。代词根据其用法特点可分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。,一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词,一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词,1.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。主格在句中通常作主语，宾格在句中作宾语、表语、同位语等成分。,2形容词性物主代词通常在句中作定语，修饰名词。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”，可以作主语、宾语和表语，只能单独使用，不能用于名词前。,3反身代词通常表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者，可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语，有时候也可以作介词的宾语。,一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词,She was beautiful and could run faster than others. 她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。 He invited some friends of his to his party. 他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。 The child looked at himself in the mirror with interest. 那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。,一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词,名师指津 含有反身代词的习惯用语,二、指示代词,二、指示代词,What I want to say is this：you should grasp every minute to finish your work. 我想说的是，你应该抓住每一分钟的时间完成你的工作。 Such is the power of the Internet that it can make a person suddenly famous. 这就是网络的力量，它可以使人一夜成名。 The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools. 这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。 Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds. 研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。,三、不定代词,1不定代词的基本用法,三、不定代词,1不定代词的基本用法,As the two dictionaries are useful, Ill take both and either of them is very important to me. 由于这两本词典都有用，我会把它们都带走，每一本对我来说都非常重要。 Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have work to do. 拉里让比尔和彼得跟他一起去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做。 You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea. 你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。,三、不定代词,2复合不定代词的用法,三、不定代词,2复合不定代词的用法,There is something in his words. We should have a try. 他说的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。 Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it. 没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好，除非他热爱它。,三、不定代词,3. 表示数量的不定代词的用法,三、不定代词,3. 表示数量的不定代词的用法,Few of us can speak four foreign languages. 我们当中很少有人会说四种外语。 She can speak a little French，but she knows little English. 她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。,四、it的用法,指时间、距离、天气、日期、温度等。,Its early spring, but it is already hot. 现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。,1,四、it的用法,指代前面提到过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词this，that。,Although he didnt like it, I decided to see the movie anyway. 尽管他不喜欢这部电影，我还是决定去看一看。,2,四、it的用法,当说话者弄不清对方是谁，不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，可以用it来指代。,What will you call it if it is a boy? 要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？,3,四、it的用法,作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或名词性从句。,It is dangerous for you to swim in the river. 你在这条河里游泳是危险的。(it作形式主语，to swim in the river是真正的主语) He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held. 他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(it作形式宾语，从句when and where.是真正的宾语),4,介词（短语）,介词在句中不能单独作句子成分，介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语，表示与其他成分的关系。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词和其他介词。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语(如果是人称代词，则要用宾格)，介词和介词宾语合在一起构成介词短语。,一、常见介词的用法,表示时间的介词,(1)at，on和in,1,一、常见介词的用法,表示时间的介词,(2)in和after,1,一、常见介词的用法,表示方位的介词,(1)above，below，over，under，on和beneath,2,一、常见介词的用法,表示方位的介词,(1)above，below，over，under，on和beneath,2,一、常见介词的用法,表示方位的介词,(2)through，across和over,2,一、常见介词的用法,表示方位的介词,(3)in，on和to,2,一、常见介词的用法,表示交通方式的by，on和in,3,一、常见介词的用法,表示“原因、理由”的介词：for，at，with，from/of,4,一、常见介词的用法,表示“原因、理由”的介词：for，at，with，from/of,4,一、常见介词的用法,其他常见介词的用法,(1)against的用法,5,一、常见介词的用法,其他常见介词的用法,(1)against的用法,5,一、常见介词的用法,其他常见介词的用法,(2)beyond的用法,5,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与名词的常用搭配,(1)atn.,1,at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平中 at war 在战争中 at work 在工作,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与名词的常用搭配,(2)atthen.of,1,at the beginning of 在的开始 at the cost of 以的代价 at the risk of 冒的危险 at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与名词的常用搭配,(3)onn.,1,on exhibition/show 在展出 on fire 着火 on sale 出售，打折 on the way 在途中 on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加 on holiday/vacation 在度假,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与名词的常用搭配,(4)onn.of,1,on account of 因为 on behalf of 代表,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与名词的常用搭配,(5)byn.,1,by accident 偶然 by air/plane 乘飞机 by chance 偶然 by coincidence 碰巧 by hand 用手工 by mistake 错误地 by the day 按天算 by nature 天生地,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与名词的常用搭配,(6)inn.,1,in cash 用现金付款 in depth 在深度上 in detail 详细地 in height 在高度上 in length 在长度上 in English 用英语 in return 作为回报,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与名词的常用搭配,(7)inn.of,1,in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有，占有 in charge of 掌管 in support of 为支持 in spite of 尽管 in favor of 支持，赞成 in case of 万一；如果；假如 in honour of 为向表示敬意 in memory of 为了纪念,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与名词的常用搭配,(8)ofn.(等于相应的形容词),1,of benefit 有益处的 of help 有帮助的 of importance 重要的 of significance 有意义的 of use 有用的 of value 有价值的,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与名词的常用搭配,(9)out ofn.,1,out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control 不受控制 out of date 过期 out of order 出故障 out of sight 看不到 out of the question 不可能 out of work 失业,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与名词的常用搭配,(10)undern.(表示被动),1,under attack 遭到袭击 under pressure 在压力下 under treatment 在治疗中 under control 处于控制之中,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与名词的常用搭配,(11)withn.(表示方式),1,with delight/joy 高兴地 with difficulty 困难地 with ease 轻而易举地 with fear 害怕地 with pleasure 乐意地,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与名词的常用搭配,(12)beyondn.,1,beyond pare 无与伦比 beyond reach 够不到 beyond description 难以描述 beyond expression/words 难以表达,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与形容词的常用搭配,(1)beadj.about,2,be anxious about 忧虑 be curious about 对好奇 be particular about 对讲究/挑剔 be worried/concerned about 对担心,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与形容词的常用搭配,(2)beadj.at,2,be angry at 因生气 be good at 擅长 be astonished at 对吃惊 be present at 出席,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与形容词的常用搭配,(3)beadj.in,2,be absorbed in 专注于 be active in 积极于 be dressed in 穿着 be engaged in 忙于 be rich in 富含 be occupied in 忙于,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与形容词的常用搭配,(4)beadj.for,2,be eager for 渴望 be famous for 以著名 be fit for 适合，胜任 be ready for 准备好 be sorry for 对感到抱歉 be prepared for 为做好准备,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与形容词的常用搭配,(5)beadj.from,2,be absent from 缺席 be different from 不同于 be far from 远离 be free from 不受影响,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与形容词的常用搭配,(6)beadj.to,2,be close to 接近 be devoted to 致力于 be equal to 等于 be familiar to 对来说熟悉 be friendly to 对友好 be harmful to 对有危害 be kind to 对友好 be similar to 与相似 be grateful to 对心存感激,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与形容词的常用搭配,(7)beadj.of,2,be aware of 意识到 be fond of 喜欢 be proud of 因而自豪 be short of 缺乏,二、固定搭配中的介词,介词与形容词的常用搭配,(8)beadj.with,2,be busy with 忙于 be familiar with 对熟悉 be bined with 与结合 be patient with 对有耐心 be popular with 受的欢迎 be pleased with 对感到满意 by angry with (sb) 对(某人)发怒,二、固定搭配中的介词,名师指津 (1)常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式： It is a pity/shame that. 真可惜/丢人 It is no wonder that. 难怪 It seems/appears that. 似乎/看起来 It looks/seems as if/though. 看起来好像 It happens that. 碰巧 It occurs to/es to/strikes/hits sb that. 某人突然想起 It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that. 据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建议 It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth 做某事没有用/好处/浪费时间 It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间,It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind. 试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。,二、固定搭配中的介词,名师指津 主语表示情感倾向的动词或动词短语(enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate，rely/count on等)itthat/if/when.,I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration. 如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。,. 单句语法填空,1The railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using _ every day.(2017全国卷) 2She plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.(2017全国卷) 3On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother.(2016全国卷) 4My connection with pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s.(2016全国卷) 5Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(2016全国卷),it,in,its,to,on,. 单句语法填空,6Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _ their hands.(2016全国卷) 7The airplane flew _ the mountains and disappeared in the distance. 8He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. 9During the rush hour，I have been looking for a taxi but havent found _ yet. 10Nowadays the universities are totally different from _ of the past.,with,over,it,one,those,. 单句语法填空,11Feeling that I could not stand waiting in such a line any longer，I decided to join _ one. 12So _ is no wonder that the building was named the UKs worst building. 13When he came to life，he found _ (he)lying on the ground，bleeding in the head. 14I feel interested in the report on middle school students using cell phones on campus. In fact，more students now e to school _ cell phones. 15In the winter of 1891，a certain college was having some trouble with _ (it) boy students.,another,it,himself,with,its,. 单句语法填空,16I hope my parents wont try to force me to do _ (they) favorite job. 17Both teams were in hard training; _ was willing to lose the game. 18While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything _ return. 19Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. _ the other hand，it could just put you in debt. 20If we can change our attitude _ things in the world，we can certainly adjust our emotions.,their,neither,in,On,to/towards,. 单句改错,1Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.(2017全国卷) 2They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools.(2017全国卷) 3If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. 4It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. 5I need to take some exercise every day and find ways to relax me.,both或去掉all,our,much,myself,. 单句改错,6Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. 7Global warming is having a great effect at hundreds of plant and animal species around the world，changing some living patterns. 8The book Im reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain. It is said to have started in the early 1800s. 9Im going to a conference in you town in May，from 16th to 20th. 10Although he majored in art and literature in college，he had little interest in neither subject.,it,on,your,either,. 翻译句子,1随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。 2听了她感人的故事后，每个人都被感动得无以言表。 3独居而不和他人来往没有好处。 4他能否来珍妮的生日聚会还不确定。,With time going by，they have grown into adult boys and adult girls.,Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.,It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.,It is uncertain whether he can e to Jennys birthday party or not.,. 翻译句子,5在冬季，黑龙江的天气比广州的天气冷得多。 6我代表在场的所有人祝你回国旅途愉快。,In winter，the weather of Heilongjiang is much colder than that of Guangzhou.,On behalf of everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.,. 语法填空,Because 1._ Chinas vast size and varied climate，the people historically developed different housing styles for each particular region and climate. Courtyard houses，also known as siheyuan buildings，are 2._ (mon) found in North China，especially in Beijing. They are enclosed (围住的) courtyards surrounded by four，one-story housing structures. The main entrance is usually at the southeastern corner. The south side 3._ (contain) rooms that traditionally serve as the kitchen and servants quarters. The main house is at the north end，while the other sides are for married children and their families.,of,monly,contains,. 语法填空,Among 4._ most interesting styles of Chinese houses is the socalled “cave dwelling” or yaodong. Despite the name，it is a manmade structure 5._ (dig) out of the sides of mountains or the ground. It is found in Northwest China，6._ has dry loe