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Handbook of Sports Vocabularyfor the 26th Summer Universiade, Shenzhen深圳第26届世界大学生夏季运动会体育词汇手册深圳第26届世界大学生夏季运动会组委会执行局外事联络部二一年三月目 录一、 必选项目 Compulsory Sports1. 田径 Athletics 32. 竞技体操 Artistic Gymnastics .103. 篮球 Basketball .184. 跳水 Diving .255. 击剑 Fencing .296. 足球 Football .347. 柔道 Judo 418. 艺术体操 Rhythmic Gymnastics .469. 游泳 Swimming .4810. 乒乓球 Table Tennis .5211. 网球 Tennis 5912. 排球 Volleyball .6913. 水球 Water polo 79二、 自选项目 Optional Sports1. 健美操 Aerobics .832. 射箭 Archery .873. 羽毛球 Badminton .904. 沙滩排球 Beach Volleyball .925. 国际象棋 Chess .966. 自行车 Cycling .1007. 高尔夫 Golf 1068. 帆船帆板 Sailing & Surfing .1079. 射击 Shooting .11110. 跆拳道 Taekwondo .11711. 举重 Weightlifting 123一、 必选项目 (Compulsory Sports)编号No.缩写Abbr.全称Full Term中文Chinese1Athletics田径AAccompanying guests随行客人Anchorman最后一棒Approach run助跑Arena竞技场Automatic timing全自动计时BBaton接力棒Bend弯道Bent knee膝关节弯曲Box插斗（穴斗）Breakline抢道线CCall of the competitors运动员检录Call room检录处Chief referee裁判长Combined events全能项目Compete under protest (to)在提出抗议的情况下比赛 Crossbar横杆/ 横竿（跳高/撑竿跳）/栏架横梁（跨栏跑）Crossbar supports横杆支架Cross-country race越野赛/越野项目/越野赛跑Cross step交叉步Crouch start蹲踞式起跑DDecathlete十项全能运动员Decathlon男子十项全能Discus铁饼Discus throw掷铁饼Discus thrower铁饼运动员Discus throw technique铁饼的投掷技术Disqualification取消比赛资格Double float双脚腾空EEastern cut-off剪式Entry standard报名标准FFalse start抢跑Field田赛Field events田赛项目Final call最后检录Finish line/Finishing line终点线Finish time完成时间First trial/attempt第一次试（投/跳）Flights栏架（跨栏）Float style蹲踞式（跳远）Flop背越式Footplate of the block起跑器踏板Fosbury flop背越式Foul犯规（举红旗-跳远）GGlide technique侧向滑步推铅球技术Golden League黄金联赛Golden League Jackpot黄金联赛的奖金Grip/handle持枪/标枪把手处/链球把手HHalf marathon半程马拉松Hammer链球Hammer throw掷链球Hammer thrower链球运动员Hammer Throw Technique掷链球技术Hand timing手计时Hang挺身式（跳远）Head枪头（标枪）Head wind顶头风/逆风Heptathlete七项全能运动员Heptathlon女子七项全能High jump跳高High jumper跳高运动员High jumping technique跳高的过杆技术Hop单足跳（跳远）Hurdle（hurdling）跨栏Hurdler跨栏运动员IIndividual event个人项目IAAFInternational Association of Athletics Federations国际田径联合会JJavelin标枪Javelin throw掷标枪Javelin thrower标枪运动员Judge裁判员Jumping events跳跃项目KKnee-tuck type蹲踞式LLanding mattress落地垫Landing sector (area)落地区Lane跑道Lap圈Lap of honour绕场一周（优胜者）Lifting call腾空警告Lock the knee膝挺直Long distance runner长跑运动员Long-distance running (race)长跑Long jump跳远Long jumper跳远运动员MMarathon马拉松Marathon runner马拉松运动员Marker flag indicating the world record世界纪录标志旗Markers助跑道的标记Marshalling area集结区域Measuring tape皮尺Middle-distance runner中长跑运动员Middle-distance running (race)中长跑NNumber of the lane道次OOn your mark各就各位PPentathlete五项全能运动员Pentathlon五项全能(Sand) Pit沙坑Point advantage分数领先Pole撑杆Pole vault撑杆跳Pole vaulter撑杆跳运动员Pushing-off推跑QQualifying round资格赛/预选赛RRace walking竞走Recall a runner (to)召回赛跑运动员Red flag (or sign)红旗Referee裁判长Refreshment station饮料站Relay接力赛Relay baton接力棒Relay event接力赛项目Relay runner接力跑运动员Release出手（标枪）Road events公路赛项目Road running公路跑（赛）Runway助跑道Running events跑步项目SSafety zone安全区域Scissors跨越式（跳高）Scoreboard成绩公告板Scoring system计分方法Scratch line接力起跑线Separate lane分道跑Set预备Shaft枪身（标枪）Sharp point枪尖（标枪）Shot put铅球Shot putter铅球运动员Shot put circle铅球投掷圈Shot (put) technique推铅球技术Spikes shoes钉鞋Spin (or Rotational) technique旋转推铅球技术Sprint短跑Sprinter短跑运动员Sprinting冲刺Start line起跑线Starter发令员Starters gun发令枪Starting blocks起跑器Starting shot发令鸣枪Steeple/Steeplechase障碍跑Steeplechaser障碍跑运动员Step跨步跳（跳远）Stop board抵趾板（铅球）Straddle style俯卧式Straightaway挺身式（跳远）Stride步幅（竞走）Stride frequency步频（竞走）Stride-in-air type/flight走步式（跳远）Synthetic surface track塑胶跑道TTable of results成绩牌Take-off起跳Take-off board起跳板Takeoff line (jumping)起跳线Take-over zone (relay running)接棒（力）区Team event团体项目Throwing arc投掷弧Throwing cage护笼（投掷项目中）Throwing events投掷项目Timekeepers stand计时台Timekeeping计时Trajectory飞行路线（投掷器械）Track and field田径运动Track径赛Track events径赛项目Transit腾空（跳远）Trial试跳Trial throw试掷Triple jump三级跳Triple jumper三级跳运动员UUmpire检查员/检查裁判Unsuccessful trial无效试跳（掷）/失败试跳（掷）Uprights跳高架VValid有效（举白旗-跳远）Valid trial有效试跳（掷）/成功试跳（掷）WWaiver弃权Walker竞走运动员Walk-in-air走步式Walking events竞走项目Western roll滚式White sign白色标志（竞走犯规）Wind gauge风速计/风速仪Withdrawal引抢（标枪）World Half Marathon Championships世界半程马拉松锦标赛Wrong style of walking错误的竞走姿势20km walk20公里竞走编号No.缩写Abbr.全称Full Term中文Chinese2Artistic Gymnastics竞技体操AAerial空翻（自）Aerial walkover挺身空翻A-juryA组裁判（计算起评分）All-around全能A move similar to the cartwheel, with a half twist and the legs moving together踺子小翻（自）Apparatus单项Apparatus finals单项决赛Approach an Apparatus (to)走向器械Arab spring踺子（自）Arabian cartwheel阿拉伯空翻（侧空翻）（自）Arch挺身（自）Arm hang挂臂撑（双）Artistic Gymnastics竞技体操Assistance during exercise在做动作时提供的帮助Award scores打分BBackflip后翻Back handspring后手翻（自）BBBalance Beam平衡木Basket杠下回环（双）Bent arm屈臂（双）B-juryB组裁判（减分）Blind release反（背）向脱杠（单）Body position身体姿态Body waves身体波浪（平）Bonus (Additive) points加分Butterfly旋子（水平侧空翻）（自）CCartwheel侧手翻（自）Cartwheel with 1/4 turn to back handspring侧手翻向内转体90接后手翻（自）Cast弧形上（双）Cat jump猫跳（平）Chief of compilation总编排Competition I: Team competitions and Individual比赛I：团体及个人赛Competition II: All-around individual competitions比赛II：个人全能赛Competition III: Apparatus finals比赛III：单项决赛Compulsory exercises规定动作Correct body position正确的姿势Cross十字支撑（吊）Cross split横劈叉（自）Cut切杠（双）Czech giant swing捷克大回环（俗称“正吊”）DDeduction for composition因编排原因扣分Deduction for execution fault动作完成发现错误扣分Degree of difficulty难度系数Difficulty (Value Parts) requirements难度要求Dismount跳下动作/下（器械）法Dive roll鱼跃前滚翻（自）Dorsal hang后悬垂（单）Dorsal grip吊臂握Double rear直角转体（鞍）Drop kip后倒屈伸上（单）EEagle or L grip扭臂握El-grip扭臂握（单）Exercise presentation动作完成分FFelge翻上（吊）Final results总成绩Flairs分腿全旋（鞍）Flic-flac后手翻Floor自由体操（体操垫）Floor Exercise（FX）自由体操Forward uprise前摆上（单）Free hip circle腾身回环（单）Free straddle circle分腿向外回环（单）Front handspring前手翻（自）Front uprise前摆上（单）Flyspring鱼跃前手翻（自）GGainer flic-flac前跳后手翻（平）Gainer salto backward前跳后空翻（平）Gang悬垂Giant大回环Giant swing大回环（吊、单）Giant swing backward, to handstand向后大回环成倒立Giant swing backward, with straddle cut to support向后大回环分腿前切成支撑Glide长震（双）Glide kip长震屈伸上（双）Grip握杠Gymnast体操运动员HHandguards护手Handspring手翻（自）Handspring sideway侧手翻（自）Handstand倒立（自）Handstands with large arch span大背弓手倒立（平）Hand walk倒立爬行（自）Hanging scale水平悬垂（吊）Hanging scale rearways后水平悬垂（吊）Held position支点Hecht水平腾跃（跳）/ 蹦杠（单）Hecht roll挺身鱼跃前滚翻（自）High wende and salto backward/Tucked or picked团身或屈体后空翻侧腾越下（双）Hop单脚跳（单脚起跳/单脚落地）Hop change of the grip推跳换握（单）Horizontal Bar (HB)单杠IIn-bar work杠内动作（双）Individual all-round final个人全能决赛Inlocate/Inlocation前转肩（吊、双）Intermediate score中间分Inverted cross倒十字支撑（吊）Iron cross十字支撑（吊）JJapanese handstand日本（倒十字）倒立（自）Jump (to)双脚跳（双脚起跳/单脚或双脚落地）KKehr swing直角转体（鞍）Kehr swings and wende swings直角Kip屈伸上（吊、单）LLayout直体（自）Landing落地（跳）Landing mat落地垫（跳）L-cross直角十字支撑（吊）Leap (to)单脚跳（单脚跳起，双脚着地）Leg circle并腿全旋（鞍）L-sitL式平衡（自）/直角支撑（吊）Lunge弓步（自）MMaximum deduction最大扣分Mounts上法（杠、木）Musical accompaniment音乐伴奏NNeck roll颈滚翻（平）OOmit an element in the exercise (to)在全套动作中漏掉一个动作One arm giant swing单臂大回环Optional exercises自选动作Overgrip正握（单）PParallel Bars (BP)双杠Perfect performance完美的表演Pike屈体（自）Pike jump屈体跳（平）Pirouette足尖旋转，单脚旋转Planche（高于环的）水平支撑（吊）Pommel鞍环（鞍）Pommel Horse (PH)鞍马Postflight第二腾空（跳）Preflight第一腾空（跳）Press handstand慢起手倒立（自）Press to handstand (to)直体屈臂慢起手倒立Pull用力压上（吊）RRear support仰撑（鞍）Re-grasp the bar再握杠Release the bar脱杠Repulsion推手（跳）Rings (RG)吊环Ring leap-jump结环跳（平）Roundoff ( RO)踺子（自）Roll滚翻 (自)Roll backward后滚翻（自）Roll forward前滚翻（自）Roll forward/without hand support手不撑木的前滚翻（平）Round off entry vaults踺子上板（跳）Routine比赛套路Russian giant俄式大回环(俗称“反吊”)SSalto空翻（自）Saltos拉拉提（平）Salto backward后空翻（自）Salto backward/stretched with step-out直体后空翻腿落（平）Salto sideward-arabian侧空翻Scale/ Scale forward燕式平衡（平）Scale in balance stand高起踵平衡站立（平）Set exercises规定动作Sheep jump羊跳（平）Shoot up弧形上（单、双）Side split横劈叉（自）/侧劈腿（平）Single leg swings单腿摆越（鞍）Sissonne西松跳（自）Scissors双腿交叉（鞍）Scissors leap剪式跳（平）Special requirements特殊要求Spindle打滚（鞍）Splits劈叉（自）Split jump in place原地劈腿跳（双脚起跳）（平）Splits leap劈叉跳（自）Split leap forward向前劈腿跳（单脚起跳）（平）Split leap forward with leg change向前交叉腿劈腿跳（平）Springboard跳板（跳）Stability on landing落地稳定性Stag leap-jump鹿跳（平）Stag-ring leap鹿结环跳（平）Standing split劈腿站立（平）Stanging scale fontways燕式平衡（自）Start value起评分Static strength静力（吊）Stoop屈体腾跃（跳）Stoop circle屈体立撑回环(单）Straddle分腿（自）Straddle jump分腿跳（平）Straddle L-sit分腿直角支撑（吊）Straddle support骑撑（鞍）Stretched直体（自）Stride leap跨步跳（平）Sttzkehr斯图斯卡娅（以运动员命名的动作）Support支撑（鞍）Support level水平支撑(自)Support scale（高于环的）水平支撑（吊）Swallow cross ( support scale at ring height)(与环水平的)十字水平支撑/马耳他十字（吊）Swing摇动Synchronism同步性/同时性TTake-off起跳（跳）Team final团体决赛Tempo salto backward快速后空翻Thomas flairs托马斯全旋（鞍）Tkatchev特卡切夫腾跃Travel移位（鞍）Travels in side support and cross support正撑和侧撑移位Tuck团身（自）Tuck jump团身跳（平）Tumbling跟斗Turn原地转体Turn in knee scale跪平衡转体（平）Turn in prone position俯卧转体（平）Turn in tuck stand on one leg单腿墩转（平）Twist空中转体（自）UUndercut异侧摆越Undergrip反握（单）Uneven Bars (UB)高低杠Upper arm hang挂臂悬垂（双）Uprise摆上（吊、单）VVTVault 跳马Voluntary Exercises自选动作V-sitV式平衡（自）WWalkover软翻（自）Walkover forward/backward前软翻点木后软翻（平）Wende侧腾越下（双）Wende swings挺身转体（鞍）Whip back快速后空翻（自）Wolf leap-jump狼跳（平）编号No.缩写Abbr.全称Full Term中文Chinese3Basketball篮球AActual playing time实际比赛时间Air dribble空中运球（以一次为限）Alley oop空中接力Alley-oop pass空中接力传球All-round player全能球员Assist助攻APGAssists Per Game平均每场助攻次数Assistant scorer助理记录员Attempt出手投篮Awarded basket判中一球BBackboard（glass）篮板Backboard padding篮板芯Backboard support篮板支架Back court后场Backdoor play溜底线，反切打法Ball hawk善于抢断球的队员Ball movement（球）频繁倒手Bank shot擦板球、擦板投篮Baseball pass单手肩上传球Baseline throw-in发底线球Basket (rim)篮筐Basketball game/basketball match篮球比赛Bench替补员席Between-the-legs-dribble胯下运球Blind pass盲目传球Block a shot (to)盖帽Blocking阻挡Block off防堵Blocking out篮板球挡人Bonus free throw/Charity shot/Free throw罚球Bounce pass击地传球、反弹传球Breaking through with ball持球突破Buzzer beater压哨球CCancel play取消比赛Cancel score取消得分CBA League中国篮球协会联赛Centre中锋/5号位置球员Centre circle中圈Centre court中场Charge an opponent (to)撞人Chest pass胸前传球Chinese Basketball Association中国篮球协会Chinese Basketball Sports Management Center中国篮球运动管理中心Clogging the lanes收缩防守Control the ball (to)控球Counterattack反击Crossover dribble换手运球DDangerous play危险动作Dead ball死球Defence strategy防守战术Defensive player防守队员Defensive techniques防守技术Disallowed basket进球无效Double dribble两次运球Double-teaming夹击Draft选秀Drawing a foul导致对方犯规Dribble the ball (to)运球Dribbling运球Dunk扣篮EEight-second rule8秒钟规则Endline端线 （底线）Extra period加时赛FFallaway jumper后仰投篮fast break快攻/快速突破Fast-break offense快攻Field goal（除罚球外的）投球中篮FGAField Goals Attempts出手投篮次数FGMField Goals Made投篮命中次数Fifth foul犯规过多被罚下场Five fouls by player队员五次犯规Forward前锋Foul shot罚篮FTFree throw罚球Free throw lane (foul lane)罚球区Free throw line (foul line)罚球线Frontcourt前场Full-court press全场紧逼Fumble漏接GGSGame Starting先发出场次数Give and go (to)传切配合/传切上篮Goal中篮Guard后卫HHalf-court offense半场进攻Half-court press半场紧逼Hold an opponent (to)抱人犯规Hold ball, held ball持球Holding拉人Hook shot勾手投篮IInbounds pass发界外球时向场内的传球Interception of the ball/Steal the ball (to)抢断球FIBAInternational BasketballFederation国际篮球联合会Intentional foot ball故意踢球Intentional foul故意犯规Interval休息Isolations孤立打法JJam扣篮或盖帽Jump ball跳球Jump circle/Jumping circle跳球圈Jump shot跳投LLay-up or lay-in上篮Lead pass领前传球Lob pass高弧线传球Lose the ball (to)丢掉控球权MMan-to-man marking人盯人防守Midcourt line中线Missed shot投篮不中NNBA DraftNBA选秀No-charge area进攻有理区No-look pass不看接球同伴的传球Non-pivot foot非轴心脚OObstruction阻挡犯规Offensive techniques进攻技术Officials signals裁判员手势Outlet pass后场长传Overhead pass头上传球PPassing the all传球PFPersonal foul个人犯规次数Pick and roll掩护转身切入/挡拆Playing big高大中锋进攻术/高大球员防守战术Playing small小个队员进攻技术/小个球员防守战术Playing time比赛时间Playmaker组织进攻队员Playoff季后赛3PM-A三分球命中比Point average得分率Point Guard组织后卫（NBA）3-point line三分线PPGPoints Per Game平均每场得分Positions场上位置Posting Up策应Power Forward大前锋（NBA）Pressing紧逼RRebound篮板球Rebound (to)抢篮板球RPGRebounds Per Game平均每场篮板球数Referee裁判（员）Regular season常规赛Rejection盖帽Request a time-out (to)请求暂停Request substitution (to)请求换人Restricted area限制区Reverse lay-up shot反手投篮Rolled ball滚动的球Rookie新手Rough play粗野打法Rule overtime (to)判定加时Running score累积（比）分SScout球探Screen掩护3-second area3秒区5-second rule5秒钟规则Setting Up Plays/ Set Up组织进攻Set shot原地投篮Shoot投篮Shooting guard得分后卫（NBA）Shot clock投篮时间Shuffle滑步Sideline边线Sideline throw-in发边线球signal for the end of the game终场手势Sky hook大勾手，“天钩”Slam dunk重扣Small forward小前锋（NBA）Spreading the court拉开进攻Starting five/starting line-up首发阵容Steal the ball （to）抢断球Stop-jump shot急停跳投Stop the clock (to)停表Substitution替换TTeam foul全队累计犯规Technical foul技术犯规Three-points attempt3分试投Three-point field goal area三分投篮区Three-points shot3分球Three-points successful shot3分投篮成功Tie of points比分打平Time in计时开始Tip-in补篮Turnaround jump shot转身跳投TOTournover失误Twenty-four seconds rule24秒钟规则Twenty-four seconds violation24秒违例UUnderhand shot低手投篮Umpire裁判员Unintentional foul非故意犯规WWalking/traveling走步违例ZZone区域联防编号No.缩写Abbr.全称Full Term中文Chinese4Diving跳水AAdjustable fulcrum（跳板）可调整支点的活动装置Aesthetic performance优美Allow a diver to repeat a dive允许重新跳一个动作Approach跑台/走板Armstand dive臂立跳水Arm swing摆臂Armstand/2 somersaults dive臂立/翻腾两周跳水Assume the starting position (to)假定开始的位置BBack dive向后跳水Back dive pike向后跳水屈体Back one and a half somersault one and