2019年高考英语一轮复习专题01Culturalrelics（押题专练）.DOC

专题01 Cultural relics第一节阅读理解阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。AWhen her five daughters were young，Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结)To show this，she held up one chopstick，representing one person.Then she easily broke it into two pieces.Next，she tied several chopsticks together，representing a family.She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks.This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California.However，when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975，they didnt have much money.They moved their family to San Francisco.There they joined Dannys mother，Diana，who owned a small Italian sandwich shop.Soon afterwards，Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant.The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young.However，Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves，but one by one，the daughters returned to work in the family business.They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles.Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other，they worked together to make the business successful.Daughter Elizabeth explains，“Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity，and to have unity we must have peace.Without the strength of the family，there is no business.”Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996，with three generations of Ans working together.Now the Ans corporation makes more than $20 million each year.Although they began with a small restaurant，they had big dreams，and they worked together.Now they are a big success.1Helene tied several chopsticks together to show _.Athe strength of family unityBthe difficulty of growing upCthe advantage of chopsticksDthe best way of giving a lesson2We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family _.Astarted a business in 1975Bleft Vietnam without much moneyCbought a restaurant in San FranciscoDopened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles3What can we infer about the An daughters?AThey did not finish their college education.BThey could not bear to work in the family business.CThey were influenced by what Helene taught them.DThey were troubled by disagreement among family members.4Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?AHow to Run a CorporationBStrength Comes from PeaceCHow to Achieve a Big DreamDFamily Unity Builds Success语篇解读：本文为记叙文，题材为日常生活类。用一家人的故事证明了“团结就是力量”。Helene An带领她的五个女儿把一家小餐馆经营成了一个每年盈利两千多万美元的大型企业。3解析：推理判断题。由第三段最后女儿Elizabeth所讲的话可以看出妈妈对她们的影响很大。答案：C4解析：主旨大意题。由文章首段故事的引入以及文章最后两句话的呼应可以看出，文章的最佳标题是“家庭团结创造成功”。答案：DBMost damagingly，anger weakens a persons ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour.The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.Not everyone experience anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture，physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one persons awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.Anger can be identified in the brain，where the electrical activity changes.Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas.Behaviourally this corresponds to the general evenhanded disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time.But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas arent balanced and，as a result of this，were likely to react.And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions，whether positive or negative.Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour：we move closer to people we like.Most negative emotions，in contrast，are associated with avoidance behaviour：we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious.But anger is an exception to this pattern.The angrier we are，the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger：the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.This approachandconfront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity.Interestingly，this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response.In defensive anger，in contrast，the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the angerinspiring situation.5The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger _Ausually has a biological basisBvaries among peopleCis socially and culturally shapedDinfluences ones thinking and evaluation6What changes can be found in an angry brain?ABalanced electrical activity can be spotted.BUnbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.CElectrical activity corresponds to ones behaviour.DElectrical activity agrees with ones disposition.7Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?AApproaching the source of anger.BTrying to control what is disliked.CMoving away from what is disliked.DFeeling helpless in the face of anger.8What is the key message of the last paragraph?AHow anger differs from other emotions.BHow anger relates to other emotions.CBehavioural responses to anger.DBehavioural patterns of anger.语篇解读：本文为说明文，题材为科普知识。愤怒是人经常会表现出来的情绪，这种情绪对我们本人会有什么影响呢？本文对此进行了分析。答案：C6解析：事实细节题。根据第三段的“But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas arent balanced.”可知：当我们愤怒的时候，脑电图就会显示我们额叶前部的左右部分不再平衡。所以答案为B项。答案：B8解析：主旨大意。根据该段的前两句话中的“approach behaviour”和“avoidance behaviour”可知最后一段就是描述了人们在愤怒时的不同行为表现形式，所以答案为D项。答案：DCCrying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions. We cry when we cant hold inside what we feel any more. We cry when were at our best, and when were at our worst. By we, I mean all of us. Men included.But we never see other men cry. In no western culture has it ever been acceptable for men to shed (流泪) more than a single tear, and even then its reserved for grand victories, defeats and deaths. Dutch research suggests that women cry between three and five times more than men. Generally men and women cry over the same things deaths, breakups and homesickness, primarily, but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events. I want to admit Im a bit of a cryer. However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears. See, my dog and 24/7 companion was killed by a car right outside my house. Being a witness to this painful event left me in shock for a good hour, but then the floodgates opened. Over the next 48 hours, I might have cried 20 times. Once or twice I crouched (蹲) on the floor with my head in my hands and tears were the only outlet. It is suggested in the book Adult Crying: A Biopsychosocial Approach that theres certain pleasure in crying. It helps ease stress when there is no other way to express ourselves. In those days after my dogs death, I remember thinking, “Ive got to stop this crying”. It felt unmanly. It felt like a sign of weakness. Ive since realised that tears are for everybody; theyre not genderspecific. They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的狗遭遇车祸，作者痛哭不已，伤心欲绝。后来作者意识到哭泣是释放压力的方式。【难句分析】However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.(第三段第二句)分析：该句为主从复合句。该句中what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears为what引导的宾语从句；having never really experienced deaths in my life为现在分词短语作原因状语。译文：然而，我在生活中从来没有真正体会过死亡，数周前的一次体验让我知道死亡真的意味着痛哭流涕和撕心裂肺的感觉。1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?ACrying is a raw human emotion.BCrying is an emotion beyond control.CCrying is an emotion showing sadness.DCrying is an emotion showing happiness.答案与解析：A考查段落大意。通读该段可知，该段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”为该段的主题句。结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要论述“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露”，故A项正确。2. Whats the difference between men and women in crying according to Dutch research?AThey cry over different matters.BThey cry at different times of life.CWomen cry more often over deaths.DMen are more likely to have tears of joy.3. What did the author think of his crying over his dogs death?AA sign of strength.BA sign of weakness.CBehavior of being womanish.DA way of reducing emotional stress.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第六段，尤其是最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.”可知，作者意识到哭泣是减轻情感压力的方式，故D项正确。4. Whats the best title for the text?AMen, never cry like womenBMen, its OK to cry sometimesCCrying solves psychological problemsDCrying explains differences between men and women答案与解析：B考查标题判断。通读全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”和本文最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel”可知，本文论述的中心是“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露，是减轻情感压力的方式”，据此可以判断，B项最适合作文章标题。DSeveral companies in Europe, the US and Asia have decided to change one of the processes of making chocolate and no longer roast the cacao beans. They insist that growers in Africa and South America leave them outdoors to dry naturally instead. The resulting product is called “raw” chocolate. Producers claim that avoiding exposure to oven temperatures allows the preservation of nutrients such as iron, zinc, copper and vitamin CIts also claimed that uncooked cacao contains higher levels of antioxidants(抗氧化物) than roasted cacao used in most chocolate. “Over the last 10 years, consumers have become more involved in their food and drink，” says Kris McGowan, who runs the Raw Chocolate Company. “They care a lot more about its healthy qualities and chocolate is no exception.” But Martin Schweizer, professor of biochemistry at HeriotWatt University, urges caution on describing raw chocolate as a super food until more research is carried out. “We have to look at this in more depth. The research is at a fairly early stage.”There are concerns that not heating them to about 150 could mean an increase in bacteria. However, producers insist that, as no animal products are involved, there is no greater risk than when dealing with vegetables such as carrots or lettuces. Jennifer Earle, a writer on chocolate, is unconvinced by it on taste grounds. “Its the quality of the cacao that makes a difference, not whether the chocolate is raw or not，” she says. “And if youre talking about health, Id rather eat some topquality ordinary chocolate and have a plate of vegetables afterwards.”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。许多生产商在制作巧克力时不再对可可豆进行加热烘干，并宣称这样做可以保护可可豆中的营养物质，但是一些研究人员对此有不同的看法。【长难句分析】However, producers insist that, as no animal products are involved, there is no greater risk than when dealing with vegetables such as carrots or lettuces.(第五段第二句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导的是宾语从句，作insist的宾语；在宾语从句中含有as引导的原因状语从句。译文：然而，生产者坚持认为，因为没有涉及动物制品，所以不加热到150 时的风险与处理胡萝卜和生菜这类蔬菜时存在的风险一样小。5Chocolate bean growers in Africa _.Adry the beans outdoors naturallyBroast the beans at a low temperatureCcook the beans in pots instead of in ovensDstore the beans with uncooked vegetables答案与解析：A考查细节理解。【关键句】They insist that growers in Africa and South America leave them outdoors to dry naturally instead.(第一段第二句)译文：他们坚称非洲和南美的种植者是将可可豆放在户外自然晾干。【解题思路】根据关键句可知，非洲的可可豆种植者是将可可豆放在户外自然晾干。故选A。6Producers of raw chocolate claim that _.Ait can fight bacteriaBit is very ecofriendlyCit preserves more nutrientsDit contains less antioxidants答案与解析：C考查细节理解。【关键句】Producers claim that avoiding exposure to oven temperatures allows the preservation of nutrients such as iron, zinc, copper and vitamin C(第二段第一句)译文：生产商称不在烤炉上烘焙可可豆可以让可可豆保持其原有的营养，例如铁、锌、铜和维生素C。【解题思路】根据关键句可知，生巧克力的生产商声称不烘焙可可豆所生产出的生巧克力可以保留更多营养物质。故选C。7Jennifer Earle, the writer on chocolate, thinks that _.Aroasted cacao is cleanerBraw chocolate is healthierCraw chocolate tastes betterDcacao quality matters more答案与解析：D考查细节理解。8We can infer from the text that _.Anot much research has been done on raw chocolateBraw chocolate has become the most popular varietyCchildren face the risks from bacteria when eating raw chocolateDall consumers have turned to raw chocolate for health concerns答案与解析：A考查推理判断。【关键句】“We have to look at this in more depth. The research is at a fairly early stage.”(第四段第二、三句)译文：“我们还需要对此做更深入的研究。这个研究还处于一个相当初级的阶段。”【解题思路】根据关键句可知，对生巧克力的研究还处于初级阶段，由此可推断，针对生巧克力的研究还没有做。故选A。第二节完形填空A阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从120题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard.That first year，I _1_ feeding peanuts to the blue jays，then the squirrels.The squirrels had no _2_ coming up right to me for them.As the months went by，the rabbits saw that I was no _3_ and didnt escape.When I threw carrot slices (薄片)，they even came for a nibble (啃)Slowly they came to _4_ me，and by the end of the year they were eating out of my hand.That second year，the rabbits _5_ me，and one would even sit up for slices！While I was feeding them，I _6_ that a groundhog who used to run away was now taking an _7_ interest in this food situation.I carefully extended a long _8_，with a keen eye on those teeth，and _9_，there were times I would have the groundhog sitting next to a rabbit，both munching (津津有味地咀嚼) on carrots.A few months later，while _10_，she would even turn her back to me._11_ when she was facing away，I reached out and _12_ scratched (搔) her back with my finger.She didnt move.By year three，the rabbits and the groundhog were back.The groundhog _13_ didnt have a problem with me scratching her back，and I got an idea.Id always _14_，while slicing up carrots，that the end looked like a cap._15_ one day，just to see what she would do，I gently _16_ one on top of the groundhogs head.Again，not a _17_The next time，I had my camera ready to record what you see here，one of several dozen such pictures._18_ she had a slice to eat，she never _19_ the one on her head.It was a fair _20_ I got a pleasure，and she had yet another tasty treat.1A.avoidedBstartedCcanceled Dsuggested2A.business BfunCproblem Dprivilege3A.help BcheatCthreat Dexception4A.trust BmissCadmire Dappreciate5A.feared BignoredCdiscovered Dremembered6A.proved BdecidedCnoticed Dunderstood7A.extreme BincreasingCadditional Dinspiring8A.squirrel BrabbitCpeanut Dcarrot9A.before long Blong agoCover and over Dall over again10A.eating BplayingCsitting Dsleeping11A.Next BOnceCSoon DLately12A.carefully BsuddenlyCviolently Dpatiently13A.also BthusCjust Dstill14A.thought BdoubtedCadmitted Drecognised15A.While BOrCSo DFor16A.fixed BplacedChung Dkept17A.tremble BmoveCdelay Dhesitation18A.Even if BEver sinceCAs far as DSo long as19A.welcomed BrequiredCbothered Dexpected20A.trade BcompetitionCtask Daffair语篇解读：本文为记叙文，题材为社会生活类。文章讲述了作者通过给动物喂食，和它们慢慢亲近的过程。尤其是土拨鼠一开始很害怕人，先跟着兔子吃作者的胡萝卜，然后作者掻它的背也不抗拒，最后作者可以放个相机在头上来记录它的生活。答案：C3解析：从didnt escape可以得知兔子认为我没有威胁，故选threat。help帮助；cheat欺骗，作弊；exception例外。答案：C4解析：由下文“they were eating out of my hand”可知它们开始信任我了，故选trust。miss错过，想念；admire崇拜；appreciate欣赏，感谢。答案：A5解析：由下文“and one would even sit up for slices”可以得知第二年兔子记住我了，故选remembered。fear害怕；ignore忽略；discover发现。答案：D6解析：我在喂兔子的时候，注意到一只土拨鼠。故选noticed。答案：C7解析：由该句中“a groundhog who used to run away was now.”可知有一只土拨鼠之前都是跑开，而现在对这种喂食状况越来越感兴趣，故选increasing。extreme极度的；additional额外的；inspiring鼓舞人心的。答案：B8解析：由下文“both munching on carrots”可知我给土拨鼠喂的是胡萝卜。答案：D9解析：我把胡萝卜给它，不久之后，它就和兔子坐在一起吃胡萝卜了，故选before long。答案：A10解析：当土拨鼠在吃胡萝卜的时候，它甚至会背对着我，故选eating。答案：A11解析：曾经当它没有面对我的时候，我小心地用手指掻它的背，它没有动。这里描述的是一次经历，故选once。答案：B答案：D14解析：当我把胡萝卜切成片的时候，我常认为它的末端像顶帽子。故选thought。doubt怀疑；admit承认；recognise辨认出。答案：A15解析：所以我想要看看把胡萝卜的末端放在土拨鼠头上，它会有什么反应。故选C。答案：C16解析：我轻轻地把一个放在它的头上，故选placed。fix使固定；hang悬挂；keep保持。答案：B17解析：这句话中again提示该句与第二段的最后一句对应，即这一次，它也没有动，故用move。tremble颤抖；delay延误；hesitation犹豫。答案：B18解析：只要它有胡萝卜吃就不会去理会头上的东西。so long as只要；even if即使；ever since从那以后；as far as远到。答案：D19解析：土拨鼠在吃东西时不关心头上的东西。答案：C BTwo years ago, Dubuque, Iowa, started its first annual “BacktoSch