TED英语演讲稿：大人可以跟孩子学什么.doc

TED英语演讲稿：大人可以跟孩子学什么 美国华盛顿州西雅图市华裔女童邹奇奇(英文名AdoraSvitak)，2019年被美国媒体誉为“世界上最聪明的孩子”，她比凤姐牛多了，3岁时就开始阅读各种书籍，从4岁起写下了400多篇故事和诗歌，8岁时出版的故事集飞扬的手指轰动美国，其中包含的300多篇故事大多以中世纪为背景，从古埃及写到了文艺复兴，文中透露的政治、宗教和教育见解，思想深刻，文思严谨。邹奇奇也被美国广播公司誉为“美国文坛小巨人”。 Now,Iwanttostartwithaquestion:Whenwasthelasttimeyouwerecalledchildish?Forkidslikeme,beingcalledchildishcanbeafrequentourrence.Everytimewemakeirrationaldemands,exhibitirresponsiblebehavior,ordisplayanyothersignsofbeingnormalAmericancitizens,wearecalledchildish,whichreallybothersme.Afterall,takealookattheseevents:Imperialismandcolonization,worldwars,GeorgeW.Bush.Askyourself:Whosresponsible?Adults. Now,whathavekidsdone?Well,AnneFranktouchedmillionswithherpowerfulaountoftheHolocaust,RubyBridgeshelpedendsegregationintheUnitedStates,and,mostrecently,CharlieSimpsonhelpedtoraise120,000poundsforHaitionhislittlebike.So,asyoucanseeevidencedbysuchexamples,agehasabsolutelynothingtodowithit.Thetraitsthewordchildishaddressesareseensoofteninadultsthatweshouldabolishthisage-discriminatorywordwhenitestocriticizingbehaviorassociatedwithirresponsibilityandirrationalthinking.(Applause) Thankyou.Thenagain,whostosaythatcertaintypesofirrationalthinkingarentexactlywhattheworldneeds?Maybeyouvehadgrandplansbefore,butstoppedyourself,thinking:Thatsimpossibleorthatcoststoomuchorthatwontbenefitme.Forbetterorworse,wekidsarenthamperedasmuchwhenitestothinkingaboutreasonswhynottodothings.Kidscanbefullofinspiringaspirationsandhopefulthinking,likemywishthatnoonewenthungryorthateverythingwerefreekindofutopia.Howmanyofyoustilldreamlikethatandbelieveinthepossibilities?Sometimesaknowledgeofhistoryandthepastfailuresofutopianidealscanbeaburdenbecauseyouknowthatifeverythingwerefree,thatthefoodstockswouldbeedepleted,andscarceandleadtochaos.Ontheotherhand,wekidsstilldreamaboutperfection.Andthatsagoodthingbecauseinordertomakeanythingareality,youhavetodreamaboutitfirst. Inmanyways,ouraudacitytoimaginehelpspushtheboundariesofpossibility.Forinstance,theMuseumofGlassinTaa,Washington,myhomestate-yoohooWashington-(Applause)hasaprogramcalledKidsDesignGlass,andkidsdrawtheirownideasforglassart.Now,theresidentartistsaidtheygotsomeoftheirbestideasthroughtheprogrambecausekidsdontthinkaboutthelimitationsofhowharditcanbetoblowglassintocertainshapes.Theyjustthinkofgoodideas.Now,whenyouthinkofglass,youmightthinkofcolorfulChihulydesignsormaybeItalianvases,butkidschallengeglassartiststogobeyondthatintotherealmofbroken-heartedsnakesandbaconboys,whoyoucanseehasmeatvision.(Laughter) Now,ourinherentwisdomdoesnthavetobeinsidersknowledge.Kidsalreadydoalotoflearningfromadults,andwehavealottoshare.Ithinkthatadultsshouldstartlearningfromkids.Now,Idomostofmyspeakinginfrontofaneducationcrowd,teachersandstudents,andIlikethisanalogy.Itshouldntjustbeateacherattheheadoftheclassroomtellingstudentsdothis,dothat.Thestudentsshouldteachtheirteachers.Learningbetweengrownupsandkidsshouldbereciprocal.Thereality,unfortunately,isalittledifferent,andithasalottodowithtrust,oralackofit. Now,ifyoudonttrustsomeone,youplacerestrictionsonthem,right.IfIdoubtmyoldersistersabilitytopaybackthe10percentinterestIestablishedonherlastloan,Imgoingtowithholdherabilitytogetmoremoneyfrommeuntilshepaysitback.(Laughter)Truestory,bytheway.Now,adultsseemtohaveaprevalentlyrestrictiveattitudetowardskidsfromeverydontdothat,dontdothisintheschoolhandbook,torestrictionsonschoolinteruse.Ashistorypointsout,regimesbeeoppressivewhentheyrefearfulaboutkeepingcontrol.And,althoughadultsmaynotbequiteattheleveloftotalitarianregimes,kidshaveno,orverylittle,sayinmakingtherules,whenreallytheattitudeshouldbereciprocal,meaningthattheadultpopulationshouldlearnandtakeintoaountthewishesoftheyoungerpopulation. Now,whatsevenworsethanrestrictionisthatadultsoftenunderestimatekidsabilities.Welovechallenges,butwhenexpectationsarelow,trustme,wewillsinktothem.Myownparentshadanythingbutlowexpectationsformeandmysister.Okay,sotheydidnttellustobeedoctorsorlawyersoranythinglikethat,butmydaddidreadtousaboutAristotleandpioneergermfighterswhenlotsofotherkidswerehearingTheWheelsontheBusGoRoundandRound.Well,weheardthatonetoo,butPioneerGermFighterstotallyrules.(Laughter) Ilovedtowritefromtheageoffour,andwhenIwassixmymomboughtmemyownlaptopequippedwithMicrosoftWord.ThankyouBillGatesandthankyouMa.Iwroteover300shortstoriesonthatlittlelaptop,andIwantedtogetpublished.Insteadofjustscoffingatthisheresythatakidwantedtogetpublished,orsayingwaituntilyoureolder,myparentswerereallysupportive.Manypublisherswerenotquitesoencouraging.Onelargechildrenspublisherironicallysayingthattheydidntworkwithchildren.Childrenspublishernotworkingwithchildren?Idontknow,yourekindofalienatingalargeclientthere.(Laughter)Now,onepublisher,ActionPublishing,waswillingtotakethatleapandtrustme,andtolistentowhatIhadtosay.Theypublishedmyfirstbook,FlyingFingers,-youseeithere-andfromthereon,itsgonetospeakingathundredsofschools,keynotingtothousandsofeducators,andfinally,today,speakingtoyou. Iappreciateyourattentiontoday,becausetoshowthatyoutrulycare,youlisten.Buttheresaproblemwiththisrosypictureofkidsbeingsomuchbetterthanadults.Kidsgrowupandbeeadultsjustlikeyou.(Laughter)Orjustlikeyou,really?Thegoalisnottoturnkidsintoyourkindofadult,butratherbetteradultsthanyouhavebeen,whichmaybealittlechallengingconsideringyourguyscredentials,butthewayprogresshappensisbecausenewgenerationsandnewerasgrowanddevelopandbeebetterthanthepreviousones.ItsthereasonwerenotintheDarkAgesanymore.Nomatteryourpositionofplaceinlife,itisimperativetocreateopportunitiesforchildrensothatwecangrowuptoblowyouaway.(Laughter) AdultsandfellowTEDsters,youneedtolistenandlearnfromkidsandtrustusandexpectmorefromus.Youmustlendaneartoday,becausewearetheleadersoftomorrow,whichmeansweregoingtobetakingcareofyouwhenyoureoldandsenile.No,justkidding.No,really,wearegoingtobethenextgeneration,theoneswhowillbringthisworldforward.And,incaseyoudontthinkthatthisreallyhasmeaningforyou,rememberthatcloningispossible,andthatinvolvesgoingthroughchildhoodagain,inwhichcase,youllwanttobeheardjustlikemygeneration.Now,theworldneedsopportunitiesfornewleadersandnewideas.Kidsneedopportunitiestoleadandsueed.Areyoureadytomakethematch?Becausetheworldsproblemsshouldntbethehumanfamilysheirloom. Thankyou.(Applause)Thankyou.Thankyou. 首先我要问大家一个问题：上一回别人说你幼稚是什么时候?像我这样的小孩，可能经常会被人说成是幼稚。每一次我们提出不合理的要求，做出不负责任的行为，或者展现出有别于普通美国公民的惯常行为之时，我们就被说成是幼稚。这让我很不服气。首先，让我们来回顾下这些事件：帝国主义和殖民主义，世界大战，小布什。请你们扪心自问下：这些该归咎于谁?是大人。 而小孩呢，做了些什么?安妮弗兰克(AnneFrank)对大屠杀强有力的叙述打动了数百万人的心。鲁比布里奇斯为美国种族隔离的终结作出了贡献。另外，最近还有一个例子，查理辛普森(CharlieSimpson)骑自行车为海地募得12万英镑。所以，这些例子证明了年龄与行为完全没有关系。幼稚这个词所对应的特点是常常可以从大人身上看到，由此我们在批评不负责和非理性的相关行为时，应停止使用这个年龄歧视的词。 (掌声)谢谢! 话说回来，谁能说我们这个世界不正是需要某些类型的非理性思维吗?也许你以前有过宏大的计划，但却半途而废，心想：这个不可能，或代价太高或这对我不利。不管是好是坏，我们小孩子在思考不做某事的理由时，不太受这些考量的影响。小孩可能会有满脑子的奇思妙想和积极的想法，例如我希望没有人挨饿或者所有东西都是的，有点像乌托邦的理念。你们当中有多少人还会有这样的梦想并相信其可能性?有时候对历史及对乌托邦的了解，可能是一种负担，因为你知道假如所有东西都是的，食物储备会被清空，而缺失将会导致混乱。另一方面，我们小孩还对完美抱有希望。这是件好事，因为要将任何事情变为现实，你首先得心怀梦想。 在很多方面，我们的大胆想象拓宽了可能性的疆界。例如，华盛顿州塔可马市的玻璃博物馆，我的家乡华盛顿州你好!(掌声)这个博物馆里有一个项目叫“儿童玻璃设计”，小孩们自由创作自己的玻璃作品。后来，驻馆艺术家说他们所有的一些极佳灵感就这个项目，因为小孩不去理会吹出不同形状玻璃的难度限制他们只是构思好的点子。当说到玻璃的时候，你们可能想到的是奇胡利(Chihuly)色彩丰富的玻璃设计或意大利花瓶，但小孩子敢于挑战玻璃艺术家，并超越他们进入心碎蛇和火腿男孩的领地看到了吗，火腿男孩有“肉视力”哦(笑声) 我们先天的智慧堪比内行人的知识。小孩已经从大人身上学到许多，而我们也有很多东西可以和大人共享。我认为大人应该开始向小孩学习。听我演讲的观众大都是教育圈子里的，这其中有老师和学生。我喜欢这个类比。不应该只是老师站在教室讲台上告诉学生做这个做那个。学生亦应教育他们的老师。成人和儿童之间应该互相学习。不幸的是，于现实里，情况是截然不同的。这跟信任的关系很大，或者说是缺乏信任的结果。 如果你不信任某人，你就给他们设限，对吧。如果我怀疑我姐姐没有能力偿还我给她的上一笔贷款的百分之十的利息时，我将要限制她再向我借钱，直到她还清借款为止。(笑声)顺便提一下，这是个真实的例子。大人呢，似乎普遍地对小孩持限制性的态度，从学校手册里的“不能做这个”、“不能做那个”到学校互联网使用的各种限制性规定。历史告诉我们，当政体害怕统治失控时，它就会变得暴虐。虽然大人可能不会像独裁政权一样心狠手辣，但小孩在制定规则方面是几乎没有话语权的。而正确的态度应该是两者相互尊重的，也就是说成人群体应该了解并认真对待年幼群体的愿望。 然而比限制更糟糕的是，大人常常低估小孩的能力。我们喜欢挑战，但假如大人对我们期望很低的话，说真的，我们就会不思进取。我自己的父母对我和姐姐抱很高的期望。当然，他们没有让我们立志成为医生或律师诸如此类的，但我爸经常读关于亚里斯多德和先锋细菌斗士的故事给我们听，而其他小孩大多听的是公车的轮子转