高考英语复习每日一题第8周动词不定式含解析.docx

考点 动词不定式高考频度： 难易程度：【命题解读】非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。 近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。 另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。【复习建议】 1. 掌握非谓语动词的基本用法和含义；2. 掌握非谓语动词的时态和语态；3. 掌握非谓语动词的句法功能；4. 掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语意下的运用。1.(2017北京卷单项填空)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _ their valuable time. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved【参考答案】C2.（2017新课标卷I语法填空）Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.【参考答案】to process3.(2017新课标卷II短文改错)When summer came（comes）, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！【参考答案】 pick改为to pick 【答案解析】本句出现了两个动词，所以要将第二个动词变为非谓语动词，又根据句意：摘新鲜的蔬菜是目的，所以把第二个动词变为to do不定式的形式表目的，故将pick前加上to。动词不定式的句子成分1. 作主语：不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。It took us two hours to finish the job.（1）其他系动词如look，appear等也可用于此句型。（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is .to.句型。试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb to do sth结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of，否则用 for。2. 作宾语（1）动词+不定式。He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）（2）动词+疑问词+to，特殊疑问句+不定式相当于名词，作宾语。I dont know what to do next/ how to do it next.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.3. 作宾语补足语（1）动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。He warned me to be careful.注意：可以用动词不定式作宾补的动词有：ask，tell，order，want，get，would like，like，advise，invite，allow，help，wish，warn，expect，would prefer，encourage。（2）表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）（3）There +不定式。We didnt expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。（1）有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard，think，believe，take，consider。We regard Eric as our best teacher. 我们认为艾瑞克是我们最好的老师。Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。（4）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。They saw the boy fall off the tree.（5）help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。I often help him (to) clean the room.I helped him (to) find his things.4. 作定语不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）（1）不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。Do you have anything else to say?（2）如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) 我需要一支钢笔写字。I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) 我有一个婴儿要照看。5. 作状语作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to，so as to，so. as to，such.as to，enough to，too.to等。（1）作目的状语，just to，only to（仅仅为了），in order to，so as to，so(such). as to.（如此以便）He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。（2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.（3）作原因状语。We were very excited to hear the news.（4）作条件状语。To turn to the left, you could find a post office.6. 作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。The question is how to put it into practice.（1）不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。（2）当主语是不定式时，表语不能用V-ing形式，可用不定式。To see is to believe. （眼见为实）(Seeing is believing. )1.(2017天津卷单项填空) I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught2.（2016北京卷单项填空）_ it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make3.（2016全国新课标卷III语法填空）Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.4.The water was now two feet deep, making it difficult, if not impossible, _ the car out.A. gettingB. gotC. to getD. get3.to create【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填t