2018届高考英语大一轮复习Unit3Underthesea课时规范训练新人教版.docx

Unit 3 Under the sea.阅读理解A(2017四川成都诊断)From sleeping standing up to shutting down half of their brain，animals have some strange sleeping habits.Now some of these unusual habits, from napping giraffes to birds that sleep while flying, have been shown in a chart. This chart shows that little brown bats are very lethargic,_sleeping for around 19.5 hours per day.This long period of sleep is thought to be a way of conserving energy and it means brown bats only hunt for a few hours each night when their insect food is available.In contrast, giraffes can go weeks without sleep because these large and slowmoving animals are constantly easy to the attacks from predators.However, other animals are experts at multitasking and can swim or fly while sleeping. For example, dolphins and whales sleep while keeping half of their brain alert (警觉), so they dont drown, with dolphins typically napping for around 10 hours a day.The method is known as “logging” and it has been observed in bottlenose dolphins, which keep half of their brain at a low level of alertness. This allows the dolphin to keep enough consciousness to carry on breathing through its blowhole.While sea otters arent alert while they sleep, they form rafts so they are not separated from each other. The creatures sometimes hold hands or paws when they sleep and typically eat, sleep and rest while floating in groups of rafts.1The underlined word “lethargic” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.AsleepyBinactiveCenergetic Dmovable2Why do little brown bats have a long period of sleep?ATo avoid sunshine.BTo save more energy.CTo relax themselves.DTo wait for their insect food.3How do dolphins avoid drowning while sleeping?ABy taking extra naps.BBy holding hands or paws.CBy keeping half of their brain alert.DBy breathing through their blowholes.4What do sea otters do in order not to be separated from each other?AThey dont sleep.BThey float on rafts.CThey float in groups.DThey hold hands all the time.【语篇导读】文章介绍了小棕蝠、长颈鹿、海豚、鲸和海獭等动物特殊的睡眠习惯。1解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据画线词后的sleeping for around 19.5 hours per day可知，小棕蝠每天大部分时间都在睡觉，由此可推断lethargic在此表示“昏昏欲睡的”，与sleepy意义相近。inactive意为“不活动的；怠惰的”；energetic意为“精力充沛的”；movable意为“活动的”。2解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段前半句This long period of sleep is thought to be a way of conserving energy .可知，小棕蝠睡得多是因为要保存体力。故选B项。3解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句中dolphins and whales sleep while keeping half of their brain alert，so they dont drown .可知，海豚睡觉时它的部分大脑会保持警觉状态。故选C项。4解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章最后一句中.while floating in groups of rafts可知选C项。B和D为强干扰项，但对比第六段的内容，可知这两项表达不准确。BOver decades of studying the oceans fishes, some species have been found to have partial warmbloodedness. But scientists say the moonfish circulates heated bloodand puts it to a competitive advantage.“Nature has a way of surprising us with clever strategies where you least expect them，” according to NOAA Fisheries biologist Nicholas Wegner，“Its hard to stay warm when youre surrounded by cold water but the opah has figured it out.”The moonfish is not a small animal; its roughly the size of a car tire and often weighs more than 100 pounds. In the past, it was often viewed as a fairly content dweller of water thats hundreds of feet deep.Now researchers say the moonfish also uses internal warmth to help it move quickly and efficientlyand kill prey such as squids and smaller fish. As the researchers describe, the fish relies on an internal heating system that seems to have been developed in frigid waters.“Satellite tracking showed opah spend most of their time at depths of 150 to 1,300 feet, without regularly surfacing. Their higher body temperature should increase their muscle output and capacity, increase their eye and brain function and help them resist the effects of cold on the heart and other organs, Wegner said.“Fatty tissue surrounds the gills, heart and muscle tissue where the opah generates much of its internal heat, insulating them from the frigid water.”Heat is generated from the moonfishs large winglike pectoral fins, which were previously thought only to help it swim fast enough to catch prey.The agencys researchers say they found an unexpected design twist in the moonfishs gills that sets it apart from other fish: a countercurrent heat exchange in which blood vessels carrying warm blood are twined around vessels that are bringing oxygenand cold temperaturesfrom the gills. The design helps the opah maintain warmbloodedness. “The fish had an average muscle temperature about 5 above the surrounding water while swimming about 150 to 1,000 feet below the surface，” NOAA says.5What Wegner said in Para. 2 suggests that _.Amoonfish have clever ways to keep warmBit is no surprise to feel cold in waterCpeople never thought moonfish warmbloodedDnature has its own way to surprise humans6What do we know about the moonfish?AIt has to return to the surface to keep warm.BIt has a body shape of a car tire.CIt is slow and lazy in pursuing its prey.DIt can circulate heated blood throughout its body.7According to the text, being warmblooded makes moonfish _.Aswim faster than its coldbodied preyBstay deep near its food source all the timeChave the ability to stand the pressure on its organsDreact quicker to avoid the sight of its prey8The last paragraph is mainly about _.Awhat role of gills play for moonfishBhow the moonfish can keep its body warmCwhere cold temperatures of moonfish goDwhy moonfish dont lose heat to the environment【语篇导读】本文介绍了月亮鱼。5解析：选C。根据第二段可知，人们原先并没有想到月亮鱼会是恒温的热血鱼类。6解析：选D。结合第四段可知，月亮鱼有一种内在的热量系统。7解析：选A。根据第四段可知，这种热血的月亮鱼可以比它们的冷血猎物游得更快。8解析：选B。根据最后一段可知，这一段主要介绍了月亮鱼是怎样做到保持自己的体温的情况。CAre you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to? Try some of these places：Visit art museums. They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids interest. Many offer workshops for making handmade pieces, traveling exhibits, book signings (签名) by childrens favorite writers, and even musical performances and other arts.Head to a natural history museum. This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.Go to a Youtheater. Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors. Preshow play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts. Puppet (木偶)making and stage makeup are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.Try handson_science. Visit one of the many handson science museums around the country. These science playlands are great fun for kids and grownups alike. Theyll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums.9If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit _.Aa YoutheaterBan art museumCa natural history museumDa handson science museum10What can kids do at a Youtheater?ALook at rock collections.BSee dinosaur models.CWatch puppet making.DGive performances.11What does “handson science” mean in the last paragraph?AScience games designed by kids.BLearning science by doing things.CA show of kids science work.DReading science books.12Where does this text probably come from?AA science textbook. BA tourist map.CA museum guide. DA news report.【语篇导读】本文为说明文，题材为广告类。文章主要介绍了几家各具特色的博物馆，可以带给孩子们一些新的体验。9解析：选C。事实细节题。第三段中的“pictures of stars in the sky”与universe(宇宙)相对应。10解析：选C。事实细节题。根据第四段最后一句可知，在Youtheater，孩子们可以观看木偶的制作过程。11解析：选B。猜测词义题。根据最后一段中“Theyll keep your child mentally and physically active .while pushing buttons，experimenting，and building.”可知，这里指通过动手操作而学习的方式。12解析：选C。推理判断题。概括全文可知，本文主要介绍了带孩子去游览的几家各具特色的博物馆。DOcean animals have been getting bigger over the last half billion years. Not a little bigger. Not even a lot bigger.They have been mushroomed (迅速增长的) greatly，scientists now conclude.Their new finding lends support for something known as “Copes rule”. It holds that animals tend to evolve into species that are much larger than their distant ancestors. This hypothesis takes its name from the 19th century paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope.While studying fossils (化石), he was the first to notice this_trend.Noel Heim is a paleontologist at Stanford University in Palo Alto, Calif. He is also a coauthor of the new study. His team compared the body size of animals between the Cambrian Period and modern times. This was a span of 542 million years. The animals studied included more than 17,000 species. They ranged from ancient trilobites, plesiosaurs and many less familiar creatures to todays whales and clams (蛤蚌)Marine animals today are an average of 150 times larger than they were during the Cambrian Period，Heims group reports. But there exist exceptions. The smallest animals alive todaytiny crustaceans called ostracodsare only about onetenth the size of the Cambrians tiniest animals. Todays largest marine animalswhalesare more than 100,000 times bigger than the biggest in the Cambrian Period. The size gains in marine animals are much larger than what would be expected by chance, says Jonathan Payne. Hes a coauthor who also works at Stanford.So what drives the trend? One possibility is an arms race (武力竞争) between predators and prey. The idea here is that larger animals are less likely to become some other animals snacks. Another possibility has something to do with oxygen. Land animals evolved from species that started in the ocean. Some of these land mammals and reptiles (爬行动物) eventually returned to the ocean. And they kept the ability to breathe oxygenrich air. That may have made it easier for them to outgrow animals that had to filter their oxygen out of the water.13What does the underlined part “this trend” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AAnimals tend to evolve into different species.BAnimals tend to grow stronger through evolution.CAnimals tend to look different from their distant ancestors.DAnimals tend to grow bigger and bigger through evolution.14In order to do the study, Noel Heim and his team studied _.Aabout 17,000 animals in totalBuncommon animals of modern timesCanimals from a span of 542 million yearsD17,000 species from the Cambrian Period15Whales are mentioned as an example to show that _.Athere are exceptions through evolutionBlarge marine animals tend to grow larger through evolutionCthe largest marine animals remain the largest through evolutionDlarge marine animals can better live in the changing environment 16What is the main idea of the passage?AOcean animals evolve following “Copes rule”BOcean animals came to land and then returned to ocean.COcean animals evolved fast in the last half billion years.DOcean animals mushroomed in size in the last half billion years.【语篇导读】研究发现，在过去五亿多年的进化过程中，海洋动物在进化过程中体积变大很多。13解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第二段的“It holds that animals tend to evolve into species that are much larger than their distant ancestors.This hypothesis takes its name from the 19th century paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope.”可知，这个趋势是指动物在进化过程中会变得更大。14解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的“His team compared the body size of animals between the Cambrian Period and modern times.This was a span of 542 million years.”可知，他们研究了这个时间段之间的动物物种。15解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第四段的“Todays largest marine animalswhalesare more than 100,000 times bigger than the biggest in the Cambrian Period.”可知，提到鲸鱼是为了说明大的海洋动物在进化过程中变得更大。16解析：选D。主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，主要是围绕海洋动物在过去五亿多年的进化过程中变得很大展开的。.七选五(2017山东重点中学联考)You can take a selfie(自拍) with a handheld digital camera or mobile phone and later share it on the Internet._1_According to a recent survey, half of the interviewees admitted to taking a selfie while on holiday.Love them or hate them, selfies show no sign of stopping.After all, the selfie is the most important way to show off on holiday._2_How can you take the best holiday selfies? Here are some useful posing tips for you.“Food chew” styleWant to let everyone know how exciting your holiday food choices are? Hold up some food on your fork or chopsticks._3_But dont have food hanging out of your mouth. Remember, food always looks best before being eaten.“Im so adventurous” styleRock cli