初中英语否定句用法归纳.doc

初中英语否定句用法归纳 一、用一般否定词not，否定了英语中的绝大多数句子。1、对be动词的否定，在后面加上not。 He is not a student.2、对谓语动词的否定，根据人称和时态在前面加上助动词dont, doesnt, didnt。 He didnt watch TV last night.3、对助动词的否定，在后面加上not。 He has not been to Shanghai before.4、对情态动词的否定：在后面加上not。具体情况如下：肯定形式否定形式缩略形式can/couldcannot/could notcant/couldntmaymay not /mustmust notmustntneedneed notneedntshould should notshouldnt will/wouldwill not/would not wont/wouldntoughtought not oughtnt daredare not darentused to used not tousednt to 5、对need, dare的否定：need和dare除了可以用作情态动词外，还可以用作普通的行为动词，即除了上表中的否定形式外，还有dont need to和dont dare to的否定形式。在实际运用中需注意。6、对has/have 的否定：have在现在完成时中为助动词，其否定形式在后面加上not，作为“有”的意思，其否定形式也可以在后面加not，即hasnt和havent，但该用法在课本中没有出现。所以，不管have作为什么意思，只要不是用作助动词构成现在完成时，其否定形式一律用dont/doesnt/didnt have。7、不定式的否定：在前面加上not。即：ask / tell /sb not to do sth。8、动名词的否定：在前面加上not。即：worry about not doing。9、祈使句的否定：在句首加上Dont。如有please，在please后面加上dont。Please dont talk in class.各种时态肯定句变否定句变化形式如下：肯定句否定句一般现在时He likes apples.He doesnt like apples.一般过去时He watched TV last night.He didnt watch TV last night.一般将来时He will go home by bus.He will not go home by bus.现在进行时He is listening to the radio.He is not listening to the radio.现在完成时He has finished his homework.He has not finished his homework.过去进行时He was doing his homework at this time yesterday evening.He was not doing his homework at this time yesterday evening.过去完成时He said he had finished his homework.He said he had not finished his homework. 过去将来时He said he would go to Shanghai.He said he would not go to Shanghai.特别提醒：肯定句变否定句有些词需作变动。肯定句否定句someanyandortooeitheralready yet二、通过绝对否定词否定。此类词如下：never, no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere, none, neither, neithernor, no more, no longer。特别提醒：1、绝对否定词no相当于notany。如no=not any, never=not ever, nothing=not anything, nowhere= not anywhere。I have no money. = I dont have any money.I could see nothing in the dark. = I couldnt see anything in the dark.2、Neithernor连接句子的主语，谓语动词需用“就近原则”。Neither he nor I know the secret.我和他都不知道这个秘密。三、通过不完全否定词否定。不完全否定句是含有little, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, barely scarcely等不完全否定词的句子。它们都含有“几乎没有”的意思，都属于否定句。little, few, hardly, seldom和前面的never合在一起就是我们常说的“五大否定词”。He can hardly swim, can he? She has never been to Shanghai, has she? 在完全否定句和不完全否定句中，表示完全否定的副词和表示不完全否定的副词如果置于句首， 一般都要半倒装。 如：Never have I thought of such a strange idea.我从来没有想到过这样的念头。Rarely have I seen such a wonderful sight.这么美的景色我很少看见过。特别提醒：该考点为高中内容，仅作参考。四、英语否定的另一个常见表达方式就是用否定词缀， 包括否定前缀和否定后缀。 但它们并不构成否定句，全句仍是肯定句，只是否定形式的肯定句。He is unhappy. She is dishonest.五、部分否定not跟all, always, both, every ( -body, -one, -thing, -where)连用, 表示部分否定。 如： All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并非都是金子。 Both of them are not correct.并非他们两个都对。I dont know all of the boys over there. I cant see everybody in the meeting room.特别提醒：无论not在这些词的前面还是后面，都表示部分否定。六、排除否定也是一种部分否定，句子使用了表示排除的介词，如except, but, but for 等。介词后面的部分不包含在排除之内。Everyone is ready for the trip to Shanghai except you. He did nothing but play computer games on Sunday.But for your help, I couldnt have finished my work on time.七、加强否定句中使用了not.at all, not.any more, no longer 等表示“不会再”。I wont tell you the truth at all unless you tell me the truth.Tom is no longer what he used to be three years ago.八、否定的转移在某些主从复合句中，否定会发生转移，即，否定词在形式上否定主句的谓语，实际上否定从句的谓语。会产生这种转移的动词有：think, believe, expect, guess, imagine, suppose等。如： -What do you think? Will she come to our party tonight? -I dont think shell come. 九、固定的否定结构1、tooto太而不能2、I have no choice but to do 除了别无选择3、not until直到才4、cant wait to do 迫不及待5、Im afraid not. 恐怕不行。6、I hope not. 希望不是这样。十、其他否定结构 1、must肯定形式可表示猜测，“一定”，但否定形式没有猜测之意，只表示“严禁”。2、否定词和比较级连用相当于最高级。 It couldnt be better. 再好不过了。3、通过其他词汇，语法结构或修辞手段来代