初中写作技巧指导.ppt

初中写作技巧指导,天红中学韩全英,新课标要求,1.能根据写作要求，收集，准备素材；2.能独立起草短文、短信等，并在教师德指导下进行修改；3.能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系；4.能简单描述人物或事件；5.能根据所给的图是活表格写出简单的段落或操作说明,中考作文评分标准,第一档（13-15分）信息完整，表达流畅，无语言错误或基本无语言错误。第二档（10-12分）信息基本完整，表达较流畅，有少量语言错误，但不影响意思表达。第三档（7-9分）能传达部分信息，表达不够流畅，语言错误较多，但句子基本可读。第四档（4-6分）只能传达少量信息，表达不流畅，语言错误多，只有少量句子可读。第五档（1-3分）只能传达个别信息，表达不清楚，只有个别句子可读。,影响作文分数的因素：1题目要求、内容要点；2句子准确、通顺；3层次结构清晰；4拼写、语法等错误；5卷面整洁度；,作文话题,计划安排型作文（记叙文类）图表、数字比例型说明利弊型不同观点型解决问题型几种文体的结合，是近几年来的一种趋势，要特别注意,做题步骤：1审题：审清作文体裁（类型）时态、人称等细节；2列提纲（文章结构框架）：分几段，以及每段大体内容；3串连：恰当运用关联词句，使得文章层次清晰，各个部分衔接自然。4写作：在提纲的基础上补充要点；5复查：2遍-1遍看查拼写、语法、标点等问题；2遍不出声读查，检查语句是否通顺、连贯等；6誊抄：不允许做任何的更改。,计划安排型作文谈假期安排1:（综述）（graduatefrom,）holidayiscoming,planforthisholiday.2:（正文）Firstly,studycomesfirst.makepreparationsforthefirstsenioryear;Secondly,visittouristattractions;Lastbutnotleast,dosportstobuildupmybody.3:IamsureIllhaveameaningfulholiday./Imlookingforwardtothecomingholiday./Icantwaittoenjoymysummervacation.,暑假将至，同学们就自己暑假生活安排进行了交流。请你用英语介绍有关情况以及自己的暑期计划。内容应包括以下要点：1.有的同学打算外出旅游，放松一下。2.有的同学计划在家中多读书，为将来的学习做准备。3.有的同学准备参加体育锻炼，保持身体健康。4.谈谈自己的暑期安排。,Summervacationiscoming.Wehavedifferentplansforit.Whilesomeofmyclassmatesaregoingtovisitsomeplacesofinterest,somearenotgoingout,instead,theyaregoingtodomorereadingandprepareforthefuturestudies.Atthesametime,somewanttodomoresportstokeepfit.IplantogotoBeijingtoseetheOlympicGames.BecauseitsagoodchancetomakemorefriendsandknowmoreabouttheOlympicGames.Iamsurewellhaveameaningfulholiday.,叙事文常用的句子间连接词：,Atfirst/atlast/intheendthen/next/afterthatwhen/while/assoonas/notuntilToonessurprise/joyinaword/inallatthesametime/attimes/onceinawhile/sothatluckily/fortunately/unluckily/unfortunately,常见的作文类型模板：,1书信(经常和其他类型一起使用),Dear.,Imgladtoreceiveyourletter-Bestwishes!Yours,Lucy,a书信开头常用语,Iamverygladtoreceiveyourletter(hearfromyou).Hello,Jane.Iseverythinggoing(on)well?/Howiseverythinggoing(on)?Imwritingtoyouforsomeadviceonhowto/Imwritingtoaskifyoucan.Howtimeflies!Ithasbeenmonths/yearssincewelastmet.Thankyouforinvitingmeto.,b书信结尾常用语,Bestwishes(to/foryou).Wishyougoodluck.(Iam)lookingforwardtohearingfromyou.,2图表、数字比例型,（提出讨论或调查的事实）Lastweek,ourclasshadaclassmeetingon(howto)Herearetheresults.（表达出不同看法或观点）MoststudentsthinkWhile20%ofthemchooseto.Another15believeTherearealsosomesayingthat（表达个人看法）Asastudent,Iagreeto,Ourschoolhasmadeasurveyabouthowlongmiddleschoolstudentscanfixtheirattentioninclass.Theresultshowsthatonly40%ofthestudentscandrawtheirattentiontotheirclass,whiletherestofthemcannotconcentrateonthelesson.30%thinktheproblemiscausedbyallkindsofnoisesintheclassroom.Theotherpartofthestudentconsiderlackofsleepandtirednessasthemajorreasons.Therefore,weadvisethattheclassroomshouldbebrightandtheairinsideshouldkeepfresh.tAsforstudents,theyshouldtrytheirbesttobeactiveinclassinordernottobedisturbedbyothers.Duringthebreaks,theycantakesomeexerciseorhavealittlerestintheclassroom.,3说明利弊型,Nowadaysisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Ithasmanyadvantages.First,优点1Besides,优点2However,everycoinhastwosides.Italsobringsusbadinfluences.Ontheonehand,缺点1Ontheotherhand,缺点2Inmyopinion,个人观点,随着经济（economy）的发展，越来越多的人购买了手机，现在不少初中生也开始使用手机。手机在带来便利的同时，也带来很多的问题。请写一篇英语文章，阐述一下初中生使用手机的优缺点，并谈谈自己的看法。,参考作文：Cellphoneshavebecomemoreandmorepopularinchinathesedays.Whereveryougoyoucanseepeopleusingcellphones,evenmanyschoolstudents,havecellphones.Cellphoneshavebroughtpeoplealotofbenefits,themostimportantisthattheyareconvenient.Withcellphones,theycankeepintouchwithanybodytheywant.Furthermore,theycanuseittotakephotosandotherthings.However,cellphonescanalsobringpeopleproblems.Themostseriousistheelectricwaveradiation(辐射).Itsharmfultousersbrains.Anotherproblemisthatwhenpeoplearehavingaclass,theringofthecellphonemayinterruptothers.SoIthinkstudentsshouldusecellphonesaslittleaspossibleandturnthemoffwhentheyarehavingclasses.,4不同观点型,Wemadeasurveyaboutwhetherweshould提出矛盾问题.Differentpeopleholddifferentideas.Somebelieve正方观点.First,原因1Besides,原因2Whileothersdontagree.Theythink反方观点.Ontheonehand,原因1Ontheotherhand,原因2Asforme,个人观点,上周，你们班就初中生能否骑电动自行车上学进行了一次讨论。现在，请你根据下表用英语写一篇介绍讨论情况的短文。注意：1短文须包括写作提示和表格中所列的全部内容；2时态运用正确，书写工整规范;3词数80-100个左右。讨论结果:25人表示同意理由:1.这样很方便2.能节约上学途中的时间35人表示不同意1.年龄太小，骑电动自行车不安全2.早上交通拥挤，骑电动自行车也快不起来生词提示：electricadj.电动的whetherconj能否,参考作文：Lastweek,ourschoolhadadiscussionaboutwhetherjuniorstudentscouldrideelectricbicyclestogotoschool.Differentpeopleholddifferentideas.25studentsofourclassagreedwithit.First,theysayitwasconvenientforthem.Besidesitcouldtakelesstimetogotoschool.Whiletheother35studentsdidntagreewiththem.Theysaiditwasnotsafeforthejuniorstudentstogettoschoolbyelectricbicycles.Ontheonehand,theyweretooyoung.Ontheotherhand,inthemorningthetrafficwasverybusyandthestudentscouldntrideelectricbicyclesquickly.Asforme,studentshadbetternotrideelectricbiycyclestogotoschool.,5解决问题型,Recently,theproblemhasbeenmoreandmoreserious.shoulddosomethingtosolveit.Firstly,方法1Secondly,方法2Finally,方法3Iamsureifeveryonecanmakeacontributionto,thewillbecomebetterandbetter.,今天环境变得越来越糟糕,环境问题成为人们最为头疼的问题之一,保护环境，刻不容缓。请以“Howtoprotect/saveourenvironment/world?”为题写一篇短文根据提示进行适当发挥，并谈谈自己的看法。提示:存在问题:1.水污染越来越严重2.砍伐森林严重3.大气污染严重4.白色垃圾等。,Howtosaveourenvironment?Theenvironmentalpollutionisworseandworsetoday.Notonlydoesthepolutionaffectourlivesandhealthitalsohasagreataffectioninthefuture.Inordertoliveabetterlifeweneedprotectourworld.Firstly,weshouldntthrowawayrubbisheverywhere.Wewanttorecyclereducereusethings.Secondly,dontwastethings.Thissavesmoneyandreducespollution.Then,usethingsforaslongaspossible.Wedontuseplasticbags.FinallyWemusplantmoretreesandstopthepeoplecuttingthem.Iamsureifeveryonecanmakeacontributiontoreducethepolution,ourworldismoreandmorebeautiful.,议论文常用连接词表示总结的：inall/short;inaword;inbrief/total;lastbutnotleast;last;表示利弊的：begood/badforsb.;beharmfultosb.;doharmtosb.;havegreat/muchinfluenceonsb.;sth.benefitsb.;sbbenefitfromsth.;affect;haveaneffectonsb.;表示喜爱的：love/like/enjoy;befondof;beinterestedin;showgreatinterestin;loseonesel