江苏专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破九词句猜测-代词指代题课件.ppt

九、词句猜测代词指代题,专题三第二节分类突破,感悟体会,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,感悟体会,(2018常州期末)GPStechnologyisoneofthelatestandgreatestdevelopmentswithinthemunicationsworld.Alsoknownasa“globalpositioningsystem”，thistechnologyworksoffofradiosignalssentoutbysatellitesinspace.Sinceacellphonealreadyworkslikeatwo-wayradiowhenmunicatingwithcelltowers，theGPScapabilitysimplyextendstheradiosignalreachtospacesatellites.Phonesequippedwithfull-featuredcapabilitiesworkoffofJava-basedradiosignalsandhavedatabaseaccesstotheirproviderssystemforotherdatalikemappingandvoices.Locationtracking，andgivingdirectionstoandfromdestinationsaresomeofthemoremonusesforthistechnology.,GPSnavigationalsystemsaresupportedbyanetworkof27satellites.ThesesatellitesorbittheEarthincyclicpatterns24hoursaday.Atanygiventime，aminimumoffoursatellitessignalsisaccessibletoanyonepointonEarth.Wheneverareceiverdeviceisactivated，radiowaveswithcodedmessagesaresentouttoit.Thisishowsatellitesknowtostarttrackingthedevice.Areceiversexactlocationisdeterminedthroughaprocesscalledtrilateration(三边测量法)wherethreesatellitesworktogethertonarrowdownpossiblelocationpoints.Afourthsatelliteisneededifthereceiverisntonthegroundandaltitudeiswantedaswell.,Distancecalculationsaremadebasedonhowlongittakestheradiosignalstotravelbackandforthbetweenreceiverandsatellites.Themappingcapabilitiesaredisplayedonthephonesscreenviathecellprovidersdatabase.,AsaGPSdeviceneedstodoallkindsofcalculationsondifferentdatafromsatellitesandprovidersdatabase，itconsumestime.SoitcantakequiteafewsecondsforaregularGPStoworkoutaplan.AnassistedGPScanhelpsolvetheproblem.ItisanimprovedtechnologythatusesacellnetworksAssistanceServerwhichisconnectedtoareferencenetworksuchastheInternet.Throughtheuseofcelltowers，aphonerelayssatellitesignalinformationtotheservers.TheseserversareabletoprocessiningdataatmuchhigherratesthanGPSreceivers，soinformationisprocessedquicker，andistypicallymoreaccurate.,语篇解读本文介绍了GPS技术是如何在手机中运行的。,语篇解读,1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“their”referto?A.Satellites.B.Phones.C.Signals.D.Capabilities.,解析代词指代题。这个句子涉及到长难句的分析，equippedwith.作为定语修饰phones，and连接两个并列的谓语，一个是workoff，一个是have，所以and后面的句子其实是phoneshavedatabaseaccesstotheirproviderssystem.，即their指代“手机的”。,答案,解析,2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheinformationinthetext?A.PhoneGPSisanewtechnologyunrelatedtoacellphonesoriginalfunctions.B.AmobilephoneworksasasignalreceiverandprocessorinphoneGPSsystem.C.Eachmobilephoneisassignedfourfixedsatellitesfortheircodedmessages.D.Mappingcapabilitiesanddistancecalculationsareaffectedbythespeedofradiosignals.,答案,解析,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，手机在GPS系统中的作用为信号的接收者和加工者。故选B。,3.WhatdoweknowabouttheAssistanceServerintheAssistedGPS?A.ItcanspeedupcalculatingprocessofaregularGPSreceiver.B.ItispartofthecellnetworkdirectlyconnectedtotheInternetandthephone.C.Ithasabetterfunctioningperformanceinprocessingreceivedradiosignals.D.IthelpstheAssistedGPStoreceivedifferentdatamoreaccuratelyinbadconditions.,答案,解析,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段前三句可知，GPS设备需要对来自卫星和供应商数据库的数据进行各种计算，它需要耗费时间，而辅助服务器帮助解决了这个问题，因此可以说它在处理接收到的信号这一功能上表现更好。,名师点津,一、题型解读代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问形式常有：1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which.”referto?2.Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which.”inParagraph.refersto.,二、解题技巧“就近原则”判指代第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。第二步：熟悉代词的含义1.it/this/that可指代一件事。2.it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。3.which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。,第三步：替换核实再比较1.用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。2.比较所指代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。例如：【感悟体会】中1题，画线单词所在的句子为“Phonesequippedwithfull-featuredcapabilitiesworkoffofJava-basedradiosignalsandhavedatabaseaccesstotheirproviders.”可知整个句子的主语是Phones，故their就相当于Phones。,随堂限时练,A(2018河南新乡二模)Throughoutthepastfewyears，Ihavetriedtogivemyselftoothers.IhavebouncedaroundtofindwhereItrulyfitin.IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala，anorphanage(孤儿院)，withthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives，Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasntessential：7makeupandanyothersortofluxury(奢侈品).Ilivedliketheydid.Itwasthemostrelaxingfeelingintheworld.,WhenatNuestrosPequenosHermanos，weweregiventhetaskofcreatingapig8pen.Atfirst，Ithoughtitshouldbeeasy.Afterarrivingattheareawherethepigpenshouldbe，wesawahill.Weweretoldto1uproottheweedsaswellasleveltheentirearea.Lookingatit，wefeltitwouldbeimpossible.Onmyownfaithjourney，Ihavefeltthistypeofdoubtbefore.The“hole”，aswereferredto，isasymbolofmyfaithjourney.Itappearedtobean2obstacleIcouldnotovere，butintheendIpleteditwithefforts.Ifeelthispigpenwasnteasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.,Ivealwaysstruggledtobeonajourneyoffaith，butIveneverpletelysteppedfootontothepathuntilGuatemala.Ivealwaystriedtoopenmyhearttoeveryonearoundmeandgivethemmylove.IfeelasthoughIcutopenmyheartandshareeverybitofloveIhadwiththeseorphans.ThereisoneorphannamedCetowhowillalwaysremainveryclosetomyheart.InGuatemala，Isponsorwiththirtydollarsamonth，butitdoesntseemenough.Illreturntherenextsummerandgivemoreofmyloveforawholemonth.,Whenitwastimetoleave，Ilookedoutofthewindowandsawnotjustordinarychildren.Overall，themostsignificantacplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.,语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间，改变了自己的生活，从而改变了自己的人生。,语篇解读,1.Whatresultedintheauthorsdecisiontoliveanewlife?A.Desiretohelpothers.B.Decreaseinhisine.C.Aknowledgeoftheorphanslife.D.Awarenessofthedifficultyinhislife.,解析细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句可知，作者了解到孤儿的生活之后，决定改变自己的生活。故选C。,答案,解析,2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Removingthedoubt.B.Uprootingtheweed.C.Startingthefaithjourney.D.Creatingthepigpen.,答案,解析,解析代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“Ifeelthispigpenwasnteasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.”可以猜测出，it代指建造猪圈这件事。故选D。,3.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofhisexperienceinGuatemala?A.Itwasregretful.B.Itwasmeaningful.C.Itwasinteresting.D.Itwasfrightening.,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Overall，themostsignificantacplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出，作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。故选B。,答案,解析,4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.AStepintoaNewWorldB.AnAwfulFaithJourneyC.AGreatSuccessinLifeD.AReturnofConfidence,解析标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“Overall，themostsignificantacplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出，在危地马拉期间，作者改变了自己的生活，从而改变了人生。故用AStepintoaNewWorld作为本文的标题最佳。故选A。,答案,解析,B(2018内蒙古包头一模)Vinegarisgreat.Itmakessalad，friesanddumplingstastebetter，andyoucanevencleanyourwindowswithit.Andnow，accordingtoscientists，itmayevenhelptheplanetspopulationsurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience(CSRS)inJapanprovedthat.Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture，worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworldssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.,ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis，aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions，itproducedachemicalcalledacetate(醋酸盐)themain3ponentofvinegar.Afterdiscoveringthis，thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplantsbeforetheystoppedgivingthemwaterpletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days，theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived，whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.,Itshopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.“Intheexperiment，wetargetedthe4staplefoodsoftheworldrice，wheatandmaize.andprovedsuccessful，”JongMyongKim，co-authorofthestudy，toldPopularSciencemagazine.Kimhasalreadybeenintouchwithpeoplearoundtheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromfarmerstopaniesand5amateurgardeners.“Nowwearetryingtocooperatewiththemtomakeamethodtoapplythissystem，andmaketheprocessassimpleaspossible，”hesaid.Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.,语篇解读,语篇解读本文是一篇科普类文章。文章主要介绍了日本科学家们近期发现了一个有意思的现象：给植物加点“醋”，植物就能变得更耐旱,5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph1referto?A.Vinegarmayhelpcreaturessurvivebadweather.B.VinegarisfoundinplantsbyJapanesescientists.C.Vinegarisveryusefulforcookingagoodmeal.D.Vinegarismainlyusedbypeopletocleanhouses.,解析代词指代题。根据画线词前一句“Andnow，accordingtoscientists，itmayevenhelptheplanetspopulationsurviveclimatechange.”可以判断出that指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好地适应气候的变化。故选A。,答案,解析,6.ScientistsinJapanfindfromtheirstudiesthat.A.theArabidopsiscouldsurviveindryweatherbecauseoftheshapeB.soilconditioncouldbechangedbypouringvinegarcontinuallyC.theacetatecanbeusedbyfarmerstoreplacethesoilD.theplantstreatedwithacetatecouldsurvivedryconditions,解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.”可知，在酸性环境下生长的植物更加耐旱。故选D。,答案,解析,7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Itstoodifficultforfarmerstoacceptthemethod.B.Howtodecreasethecostisthemainissue.C.Themethodis6promisingespeciallyinagriculture.D.Keepingplantsalivemeansalotforscientists.,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句“Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.”可以推断出这种方法尤其在农业上很有前景。故选C。,答案,解析,8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.JapaneseScientistsFindaPlantB.VinegarCouldEndHungerC.VinegarandFoodD.PlantsNeedWater,解析标题归纳题。根据全文大意可知，科学家研究发现醋更能够让植物适应各种恶劣气候，提高粮食的产量，从而消除饥饿。所以用VinegarCouldEndHunger作为题目较为合适，故选B。,答案,解析,素材提炼再拓展,做完以上两篇阅读后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句,.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1.Thismorningwhenwewerewalkingalongthestreetandfoundmanyfallentreeswhichhavebeenuprootedbythestorm._2.Mostpetitioncarswillonlyrolloveriftheyhitanobstacle.3.Hydrogenisakeyponentoffuelcells.,连根拔起；根除,障碍；障碍物,组成部分，成分,4.WheatmaybePakistansstaplefood，andmilkyteaisthenationaldrink._5.Atthetime，IwasplayingasanamateurforCambridgeUniversityagainstprofessionalcountyteams._(二)同义词语替换6.Weretryingtobringalongseveralpromisingyoungfootballplayers._,主要的,业余爱好者,hopeful,(三)一词多义7.makeupn.化妆品；组成(1)Eventhegeneticmakeupofthevirusisunderdebate._(2)Normallysheworelittlemakeup，