天津专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破五推理判断-观点态度题课件.ppt

五、推理判断观点态度题,专题三第二节分类突破,真题感悟,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题感悟,(2018浙江，C)Asculturalsymbolsgo，theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago，withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline(装配线)onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.,ModernAmericawasbornontheroad，behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture：theroadsidediner，thebillboard，themotel，eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury，thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmericangoingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel，theroadmovie，thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas，bornofabundantpetrol，cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem，thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.,In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen，thissocietyhasmovedonward，neverlookingback，asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive(过度的)energyconsumption，climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst，buthopesforthebest.,语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。其主题是“人与社会”，介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。汽车给美国人民带来便利的同时，也带来了很多问题，例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等。素材的选择旨在向考生传递一种科学的世界观：看待事物一定要一分为二，分析利弊，趋利避害，利用事物好的方面为人类服务。,Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(经济)isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign，buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater，cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”,语篇解读,解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture.eventhehamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及汉堡，就是为了表明汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。故选B项。,28.WhyishamburgermentionedinParagraph2?A.ToexplainAmericanslovefortravellingbycar.B.ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmericasroadsystem.,答案,解析,29.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A.Declineofeconomy.B.Environmentalproblems.C.Ashortageofoilsupply.D.Afarm-basedsociety.,解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选B项。,答案,解析,30.WhatisFriedmansattitudetowardsAmericasfuture?A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant.,解析观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(经济)isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。,答案,解析,名师点津,一、题型解读所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：1.Whatsthewritersattitudetowards.?2.Whatistheauthorsopinionon.?3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout.?,二、解题技巧“忠于措辞”定选项1.文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。(4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。,2.要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定的词语favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支持的；approval赞成，正式批准；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。(2)表示反对或否定的词语critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapproval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。,例如：【真题感悟】中第30题，根据最后一段第一句“Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(经济)isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。,随堂限时练,A(2018和平区一模)Onehundredgrandmotherswereaskedhowgoodmannershadchangedsincetheywerechildren，whattheyexpectedoftheirownchildrenwhentheyweregrowingupandhowtheirgrandchildrenbehavetoday.Althoughthegrannieswereunitedinthebeliefthatgoodmannerscostnothing，theyunwillinglycametotheconclusionthatalltheoldlittlecourtesies(礼节)aregraduallybeingerased.Somechildrenarenottaughtsimplegoodmannersbytheirparents，inthebeliefthattheyshouldbefreetoexpressthemselves.,Mannersatmealtimesrevealedthegreatestinter-generationaldifference.While92percentofgrandparentsand87percentoftheirchildrensatdownatthetablewithallthefamilytoeatatleastonceaday，nowadaysthisappliestojust54percentofchildren.Traditionalfamilymealtimeshavebeenonaslipperyslopeformanyyearsandthissurveyrevealsanapparentcorrespondingdeclineintablemanners.Onegrandmothersaid：“Mygrandchildrenhavebadtablemannersastheyhaventbeentaughtbytheirparents.”Only49percentofchildrentodayhavetoasktogetdownfromthetableparedwith89percentoftheirgrandparentsand80percentoftheirparents.Keepingyourelbowsoffthetableisalmosttotallyunnecessary，,withjust19percentofgrandchildrenstillexpectedtosticktotheoldrule.However，someparentsarestillkeepingfamilymealtimesalive，witheventhesmallestchildrenjoiningthematthetableintheirhighchairswhetheritistheirmealtimeornot.Althoughsomelittlecourtesiesmaynolongerbeencouragedtoday，goodoldfashioned“please”and“thankyou”seemtohaveweatheredthestorm.Nevertheless，therehasbeenabigdownturninwritingthank-youletters，from86percentofgrandparentstojust35percentofgrandchildrenputtingpentopapertoday.Afinalwordfromonewisegrandmother：“Iftherewerentrulestherewouldbenothingforkidstobreak，norisktotake，noscarstoshowformistakes.Rulesletyoufly.”,1.Whichofthefollowingwouldsomemodernparentsmostprobablyagreewith?A.Goodmannersareveryimportant.B.Kidsshouldshowwhotheytrulyare.C.Itiseasyforkidstolearngoodmanners.D.Kidsshouldlearnfromtheirgrandparents.,解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Somechildrenarenottaughtsimplegoodmannersbytheirparents，inthebeliefthattheyshouldbefreetoexpressthemselves.”可知，当下一些父母很可能认同孩子们应该展示他们真实的一面。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“Keepingyourelbowsoffthetableisalmosttotallyunnecessary，withjust19percentofgrandchildrenstillexpectedtosticktotheoldrule.”可知，根据调查，只有19%的孩子仍希望遵守旧规则，而剩下81%的孩子把胳膊肘放在桌子上。,2.Accordingtothesurvey,81percentofkids.A.puttheirelbowsonthetableB.usuallyeatintheirhighchairsC.havemealswithallthefamilyD.askpermissiontoleavethetable,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Nevertheless，therehasbeenabigdownturninwritingthank-youletters，from86percentofgrandparentstojust35percentofgrandchildrenputtingpentopapertoday.”可知，被要求写感谢信的比例有所下降。故可以推测出，孩子被鼓励口头表达谢意。,3.Whatmightmanykidsbeencouragedtodo?A.Apologizesincerelyfacetoface.B.Showappreciationbywritingletters.C.Talkabouttheweatherwithstrangers.D.Expressthankfulnessinspokenwords.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析观点态度题。阅读全文，根据文章最后一段“Afinalwordfromonewisegrandmother：Iftherewerentrulestherewouldbenothingforkidstobreak，norisktotake，noscarstoshowformistakes.Rulesletyoufly.”可以看出，作者对于坚持传统的礼节是支持的。,4.Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardsstickingtotraditionalcourtesies?A.Heisuncertainaboutit.B.Heismildlycritical.C.Heapprovesofit.D.Heisstronglyagainstit.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析标题归纳题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，有一百位祖母被问到，从她们小时候至今，礼貌有多大改变，她们对自己的孩子成长中的期望以及她们的子孙们今天的行为如何。本文以此展开，主要讲述了礼节不只是过去的事情。,5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoExpressYourself?B.ChangetheUnnecessaryRulesC.AreGoodMannersaThingofthePast?D.GrandmothersCaringforGrandkids,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,BCharityCyclingUKrecentlylaunchedacampaigntoraiseawarenessofdooringafterdiscoveringthatmanypeopledontknowwhatitis.Dooringiswhenadriverorpassengeropensthedoorintoanotherroadusertypicallyacyclistwithoutlookingforotherroadusers.CyclingUKChiefExecutivePaulTuohytoldGloucestershireLive：“Somepeopleseemtoseecardooringasabitofajoke，butitsnotandcanhaveseriousconsequences.CyclingUKwantstoseegreatawarenessmadeaboutthedangersofopeningyourcardoornegligently，andpeopletobeencouragedtolookbeforetheyopen.”,Thecharitysays2,009ofthe3,000injuriesweresustainedbycyclists，resultinginfivefatalitiesbutsaysthismightnotbethefullextentofthedanger.CyclingUKsaysnotallcardooringincidentswillbeattendedbypolice，sothecharityhaswrittentotransportministerJesseNormancallingforapublicawarenesscampaignurgingallcaroccupants，notjustdrivers，tolookbeforeopeningvehicledoors.Oneofthewaysthecharitysuggestsisthe“Dutchreach”，wherepeopleleavingavehiclereachoverandusethenon-doorsidehandtoopenthedoor.,CyclingUKalsosuggestsharsherlawsandadviceonsaferroadpositioningforpeoplewhocycle.MrTuohysaid：“IntheNetherlandstheyareknownforpractisingamethod，knownsometimesastheDutchreach，whichwethinkcouldbesuccessfullyencouragedintheUK.”“CyclingUKhaswrittentotheDepartmentforTransportaskingthemtolookintothis，andhighlightthedangersofcardooringthroughapublicawarenessTHINKstylecampaign.”,Ifyourereallyconcernedaboutopeningadoorintothepathofacyclistingbehindyou，considerusingwhatsknownastheDutchreachtoopenthedoor.Thatwillnaturallyturnyouinyourseatandgiveyouamuchbetterviewofwhatsingupalongsidethecar.,语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了cardooring(因开车门造成的撞人事故)的危害以及解决问题的可行方法。,语篇解读,解析主旨大意题。通读文章可知，全文围绕话题cardooring展开，介绍了cardooring的危害以及解决问题的方法。所以A正确。,6.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Cardooring.B.Trafficawareness.C.The“Dutchreach”.D.Thecharityscampaign.,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,7.WhydoestheauthormentionthefiguresinParagraph3?A.Tocausepublicconcern.B.Toreporttheterribleaccidents.C.Toshowthedangersofcardooring.D.Tostresstheimportanceoftrafficsafety.,解析推理判断