高中英语专题Unit1Greatscientists1WarmingUpPre_readingReadingComprehending试题.docx

Unit 1 Great Scientists1. To make scientific, diligence is the mother of success。对于搞科学的人来说，勤奋就是成功之母。茅以升2. In science, the importance is something that has been reached out, not the researcher himself. 在科学上，重要的是研究出来的东西，不是研究者本人。居里夫人3. I am going to put life into scientific dream, then the dream into reality.我要把人生变成科学梦，然后再把梦变成现实。居里夫人4. The pursuit of science needs special courage. 追求科学需要特别勇敢。伽利略5. All of the reasons must come from observation and experiments.一切推理都必须从观察与实验中得出来。伽利略6. Surprise is the seed of science.惊奇就是科学的种子。爱迪生1.1 Warming Up & Pre-reading & Reading & Comprehending【Key Words】1.characteristic 2.conclude;conclusion 3.defeat 4.attend 5.expose;exposure 6.cure 7.challenge;challenger 8.absorb 9.suspect;suspicion;suspicious 10.foresee;foretell;forecast 11.blame 12.pollute;pollution 13.handle 14.link 15.announce;announcement16.instruct;instruction; instructions【Key Phrases】1. put forward 2.draw a conclusion 3.expose to 4.linkto之词汇篇1. put forward 提出 Who put forward a theory about black holes？谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？(教材P1)(1)提出(建议、计划、理论等)。同义短语bring up, come up with。(2)推荐，提名，推举。(3)把向前拨。【巧学妙记】图记put forward多个含义： 提出(建议) 推荐 把向前拨He put forward a plan at the meeting. 他在会议上提出了一个计划。May I put your name forward as our monitor? 我能否提名你当我们的班长?The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。注意：在表示提出时，come up with和put forward为及物动词短语，可以用于被动语态；而come up是不及物动词短语，无被动语态。【拓展延伸】 常见的put短语还有：put down放下；写下 put off推迟；阻止；脱掉put out放出；生产；发布；熄灭 put up举起；建造；张贴put up with容忍；忍受 put in 插话；添上put through接通电话；完成；使经受put away把放好；储存以备用；处理掉put aside把放在一边；储存以备用；不考虑put on把放在上；穿上；装出；增加；上演；打开【跟踪典例】选用put短语的适当形式填空1. The suggestion _ by Mr. Wang at yesterdays meeting was a wonderful one.2. They decided to _ the picnic because of the rain.3. You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when youve finished with them.A. put onB. put downC. put backD. put off【答案】1.put forward 2.put off 3.C 句意：你可以从书架上拿任意东西来读，但是看完后请你把那些书放回原处。put back把放回原处。2. conclusionDraw a conclusion 得出结论(教材P1)n. 结论；结束。常见搭配：draw/reach/arrive at/come to a conclusion 得出结论come to the conclusion that. 所得结论是in conclusion 最后The debate did not arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion until midnight. 辩论直到午夜才得出结论。In conclusion, Id like to say how much I have enjoyed myself. 最后，我想说说我过得有多么愉快。【拓展延伸】conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出 conclude(sth.)以结束()(从)推断出/断定conclude.to be/do.断定【联想助记】请完成下列表示“最后；总而言之”的其他表达：in shortin a wordin briefall in allto sum upon the whole【跟踪典例】完成句子I _ that he was right. 我得到的结论是他是正确的。_，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself here. 最后我想说我在这里过得有多么愉快。From what he said，we have _he is a success. 根据他的话，我们断定他是个成功者。【答案】came to the conclusion In conclusionconcluded/drawn the conclusion that3. defeat JOHN SNOW DEFEATS KING CHOLERA约翰斯诺战胜霍乱王(教材P2)(1)vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫。The German team defeated his opponent and won the champion in the final of the 2016 World Cup.在2016年世界杯决赛中德国队打败对手，获得冠军。The proposal was defeated by 16 votes to 6.因16票反对，6票赞成，该提议未能通过。(2)n. C，U失败，击败。He always seems cheerful even in defeat.他总是看起来很高兴，即使输了也是这样。【易混辨析】 defeat/beat/win的区别defeat击败，强调过程和结果宾语是对手beat打败，(连续)击打宾语是对手、对象win赢得，获胜宾语是game或prize等Yesterday I defeated John at chess. He won only one set while I won two sets.昨天我和约翰下棋赢了他。他只赢了一盘，而我赢了两盘。【跟踪典例】用defeat/beat/win完成句子1. 他在竞选中击败了他的所有对手。He _ all his opponents in the election. 2. 你还记得那两次失败吗？Do you still remember the two_?3. 没有任何困难可以击败这个勇敢的人，因为他有信心和能力。No difficulty can _this brave man since he is so confident and capable.4. 我们的希望破灭了。Our hopes_. 5. 我们以10分的优势战胜了东道主队并赢得了这场比赛。We _ the host team by 10 points and _ the game.【答案】1. defeated2. defeats3.defeat/beat 4.were defeated 5. defeated/beat；won4. attend John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。(教材P2)vi.& vt.照顾；出席；参加attend to处理；注意；专心attend( on/upon) sb 伺候某人；照顾某人attend school/church 去上学/做礼拜attend a meeting/a lecture 参加会议/听演讲She attended him in hospital.她在医院照顾他。Only a few friends attended their wedding.只有几个朋友参加了他们的婚礼。You must attend to your work.你必须专心于你的工作。【名师点津】作“照顾；护理”讲时，可用attend，也可用attend on/upon；作“出席；参加”讲时，attend多作及物动词。【易混辨析】 attend/join/join in/take part in的区别attend指参加会议、上课、上学、听报告等join指加入某组织、团体，成为其中的一员join(sb.)in指参加某种活动，表示与某人一起做某事则用join sb.in sth.take part in指参加群众性活动、会议等，往往指参加并持积极态度，起一定作用【跟踪典例】（1）用attend，join，take part in 填空My father _ a revolutionary organization in 1938.Well _ social activities during the summer vacation.He will _ an important meeting tomorrow.（2）完成句子I often _meetings and sometimes I _ their discussion. 我经常出席会议，有时参与大会的讨论。My wish is to _ the army after graduation. 我的愿望是毕业后参军。Lincoln _politics and was strongly against slavery. 林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制度。Jenny has been _ her sick mother for years. 多年来詹妮一直照顾她生病的母亲。A lot of things have to be _. 有很多事要处理。【答案】(1)joinedtake part inattend(2)attend；join in/take part injointook an active inattending onattended to5. expose But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。(教材P2)vt. 使暴露；揭露，显露；使接触；使曝光。expose.to使显露；暴露expose sth. to sb. 向某人揭发某事be exposed to 暴露于，处于危险中expose crime/scandal/a plot/a project/a plan,etc. 揭露罪行/丑闻/阴谋/方案/计划等 Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.暴露在阳光下太久对皮肤有害。It is reported that he exposed the truth of the milk poisoning incident to the public.他向公众揭露了毒奶粉事件的真相。The fact that children are exposed to too many violent online games worries parents nowadays as well as the society. 孩子们接触到太多的暴力网络游戏,这一事实使现在的家长和社会尤为担心。 【名师点津】 expose.to.结构中的to为介词，后需用名词、代词、动词ing形式作宾语；expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式，即be exposed to.【跟踪典例】The radiation amount of a mobile phone for two and a half hours per day is equal to _ an Xray for ten seconds.每天使用手机两个半小时的辐射量相当于接触10秒的X射线辐射。She has the courage to _ the dangers.她有勇气面对危险。The soil was washed away by the flood，_bare rock.泥土被洪水冲走，露出光秃秃的石头。The poor girl was _ the wind and rain.这个可怜的女孩被弃于风雨之中。The soldiers in the open field _ the enemys fire.空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。【答案】being exposed toexpose herself toexposingleft exposed toare exposed to6. cureNeither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。(教材P2)n.治愈；痊愈；治疗方法；对策；vt.治愈；治疗；纠正/去除(弊端等)a cure for.的治愈方法cure sb. of sth.治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正/改正某人的不良行为She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.她想尽一切办法试图改掉她的孩子的这个恶习。When I left hospital，I was completely cured.出院时，我已经痊愈了。【易混辨析】cure/treat(1)cure意为“治愈”，侧重“治疗”的结果，可构成cure sb. of sth.结构，常 指治疗疾病、痛苦或革除恶习、弊害等。(2)treat意为“治疗”，强调“治疗”的动作，可构成treat sb. for sth.。【联想助记】请想一想，你还学过哪些“动词sb.ofsth.”结构？请根据提示完成下列短语。remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人的某物inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事cheat sb.of sth. 欺骗某人某事【跟踪典例】(1)用cure/treat的正确形式填空This medicine him of his cough.Which doctor is you for your disease?(2)单句语法填空There is still no cure the common cold.He needed surgery (cure) a troublesome back injury.The fresh air and exercise cured him his headache.【答案】（1）cured treating（2）forto cureof7. challenge John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. 约翰斯诺想要面对这一挑战，并解决这一难题。(教材P2)(1)n. C，U 挑战。常见搭配：face/meet the challenge面临/面对挑战accept/take up a challenge接受挑战To prevent haze from happening frequently is a great challenge for most cities in China.对于中国的大部分城市来说，阻止雾霾天气的频繁发生是一项巨大的挑战。(2) vt. 向挑战。常见搭配：challenge sb to sth向某人挑战某事challenge sb to do sth向某人挑战做某事Mike challenged me to a game of chess. 迈克硬逼着要和我下一盘棋。【特别注意】 challenge本身已含向/对的意义，因而不要再加多余的to。如：向某人挑战【跟踪典例】完成句子1. He _ _ _ to a TV debate.他接受了电视辩论的挑战。2. Mr. Wang _ _ _ _ another tennis game.王先生向我挑战再打一场网球比赛。【答案】1.accepted a challenge2.challenged me to play8. absorbThe second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。(教材P2)vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil. 植物能从土壤中吸收养分。She absorbed everything in the book. 她把书里的知识都掌握了。Look，they are absorbing themselves in the experiment in the lab. 看，他们正在实验室里专心做实验。【拓展延伸】(1)o.把吸收进absorb.from. 从中吸收absorb oneself in. 全神贯注于absorb sb.s attention 吸引某人的注意(2)absorbed adj.全神贯注的be absorbed in 专心于；全神贯注于(3)be absorbed in(doing)sth.put ones heart into(doing)sth.be buried in(doing)sth.fix ones attention on.专心于(做)某事，全神贯注于(做)某事【跟踪典例】句型转换When we came in，the old man absorbed himself in reading a book.When we came in，the old man reading a book.(absorbed adj.)Because he was absorbed in his work，he simply forgot food and sleep. ，he simply forgot food and sleep.(过去分词短语作状语)【答案】was absorbed inAbsorbed in his work9. suspectJohn Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. 斯诺认为第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。(教材P2)vt.怀疑；认为n被怀疑者；嫌疑犯suspect that.怀疑；觉得suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事suspect sb.to be. 怀疑某人是Never employ the man you suspect，nor suspect the man you employ. 谚语疑人不用，用人不疑。I suspect the child of lying. 我怀疑那个孩子说谎。The police couldnt prove the suspects guilt. 警察不能证实嫌疑犯的罪行。【名师点津】 suspect不能用于进行时态。【跟踪典例】用suspect适当的形式及短语填空The police _ him _ the murderer.People suspect him _the car.We _ he is the thief.【答案】suspected；to beof stealingsuspect that10. blameIt seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。(教材P2)vt.责备；谴责nU过失；责备blame sb.for(doing)sth.因(做了)某事而责备某人be to blame(for.)(因某事)应受责备；(为)应承担责任blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人bear/take/accept/get the blame(for sth.)(对某事)承担责任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.将某事归咎于某人I blamed the young man for the failure of the talks.我为谈判失败而责备这个年轻人。We cannot blame the accident on the weather.我们不能把这起事故归咎于天气。Its all my fault.Im to blame.这都是我的错，都怪我。He took the blame for the mistake.他承担这个错误的责任。【名师点津】be to blame(for.)中的to blame是主动形式，但表示被动意义。【跟踪典例】完成句子Either he or I _.该受责备的不是他就是我。You shouldnt _ John _ the failure.You shouldnt _ the failure _ John.你们不应该把这次失败怪在约翰头上。Many children are afraid of _ making mistakes in speaking English.许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误而受责备。I am ready to _ for what I said.我已准备好对我所说的负责。Dont always _your own failure _ others.Sometimes you yourself _.不要总把失败归咎于他人。有时该怪你自己。【答案】am to blameblame；for；blame；onbeing blamed fortake the blameblame；on；take the blame11. announceWith this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.有了这个特别的证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。(教材P3)vt.宣布；通告announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣告某事announce that.宣布It is announced that.据宣布They announced their engagement to the family. 他们向家里宣布他们已经订婚了。It is announced that she is going to Japan next week.据悉下个星期她要去日本。【名师点津】(1)announce后不能直接接双宾语，它的宾语是被宣布的内容，而不是听取宣布的人，表示“向某人宣布某事”应该说announce sth.to sb.或announce to sb.sth.。(2)announce后既可接名词，也可接从句，但是不能直接接不定式。【拓展延伸】announcement n公告，布告，通告announcer n广播员；播音员make an announcement 宣布；下通知【跟踪典例】完成句子The teacher _ there would be no school tomorrow.老师通知说明天没有课。The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry _.The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry _.外交部发言人向记者发布了新闻。The government _that they would pay their debt.(announcement)政府宣布他们将偿还债务。Before the hostess _，she asked the audience to calm down.在主持人即将宣布获奖者时，她要求观众安静。12. instructThe water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.自来水公司也接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。(教材P3)vt.命令；指示；教导instruct sb. to do sth.命令/指示某人做某事instruct sb. in (doing) sth.给某人讲授某方面的知识；指导某人(做)某事instruct (sb.) wh- to do sth.教(某人)做某事He instructs a class in history.他教授一个班的历史。I have been instructed when to start.我已得到何时出发的通知。【拓展延伸】instruction n.教授；指导；指示；(pl.)用法说明(书)，操作指南under instruction在指导下instructive adj.说明性的；指示性的；有教育意义的注意：instruction作“指导；讲授；教育”讲时，为不可数名词，其后常与介词in搭配；复数instructions表示“操作指南；用法说明”，其后常与介词on，for或about连用。【跟踪典例】(1)单句语法填空I gave them (instruct) to finish it before dark. his instruction I have made great progress in English.Ive been instructed (wait) here until the teacher arrives.It is the most (instruct) lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.(2015湖南)(2)单句改错Always read the instruction on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.之句型篇1. neither.nor. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。(教材P2)【句式分析】Neither.nor.表示“既不也不”，用来连接两个并列成分，如果连接两个主语，谓语动词采取就近一致原则。连接两个分句时，两个分句都需倒装。Neither she nor I am good at English.她和我都不擅长英语。The children are neither in the room nor in the garden.孩子们既不在屋里，也不在花园里。He neither drinks，smokes，nor eats meat.他不喝酒、不抽烟，也不吃肉。Neither do I want to know it；nor do I care about it.我既不想知道这件事，也不关心这件事。【拓展延伸】使用就近原则的还有：either.or.或者或者；not only.but also.不仅而且；.or.或者；not.but.不是而是【跟踪典例】单句语法填空Neither you _ he _(like)watching TV.He is _ a doctor or a teacher.Not you _ Tom _(be)to blame for it.Not only Tom _ his parents _(be)going to visit China next week.【答案】nor；likeseitherbut；is/wasbut also；are2. 名词短语引导时间状语从句So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每次霍乱爆发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。(教材P2)【句式分析】every time 作连词用，引导时间状语从句，与each time相同，意为“每当/每次的时候”。Every time he went to Beijing，he would visit the Great Wall.他每次去北京都会去参观长城。Every time I see her，shes always wearing a smile on his face.我每次见到她时，她总是面带笑容。【拓展延伸】有些名词词组可作连词，引导时间状语从句。(1)the first time第一次，the last time 上一次，next time 下一次， each time每一次(2)the moment，the minute，the instant，the second 一就(3)the day 的那天，the month的那月，the year的那年【跟踪典例】句子改错For the first time I met her，she was a little girl._Next time he will come here，he will visit you._【答案】去掉For，大写The，for the first time 不可引导状语从句。he will come 变为he comes，从句用一般现在时表将来时态3. suggest作不同意义解时，用法不同 The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. 第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖。(教材P2)To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为了防止这种情况再次发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。(教材P3)【重点语法】第一句中的suggest意为暗示，表明，后接宾语从句，表示事实。第二句中suggest意为建议，后面的宾语从句用了虚拟语气，即从句谓语用了should动词原形(should可以省略)。具体为：suggest提议；建议suggest doing sthsuggest that sb. (should) do sth(从句用虚拟语气)suggest表明；暗示suggest thatclause(从句用陈述语气) (时态视具体情况而定)Toms pale face suggested that he was ill and his parents suggested that he (should) be examined in the hospital. 汤姆苍白的脸色表明他病了，他的父母建议他去医院进行检查。【解题技巧】解题时要根据语境分清楚suggest的具体含义，即分清楚suggest是作建议解，还是作暗示，表明解，然后分别根据其用法选填相应的形式或选择相应的选项。【跟踪典例】完成句子1. I suggested that the meeting _till next week.我建议会议推迟到下周。2. His expression on his face suggested that he _ angry.他脸上的表情表明他生气了。3. The dentist suggested that she _another day. 牙医建议她应该改日再来。4. His smile suggests that he _there.他的微笑表明他去过那里。5. 我建议讲英语。 I suggest _(speak) English. 【答案】1.(should) be put off 2.was 3. (should) come 4.has been 5.speaking4. have+宾语+宾补 A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位女士是从宽街搬来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。(教材P3)【句子分析】A woman, , liked the water from the pump so much she .【重点语法】句中had it delivered是havesth过去分词结构，该结构有以下三种常见用法：(1)表示请/让别人做某事，句中所用的便是此意。Ill have my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。(2)表示经历或遭遇(一些不好的事)。She had her computer stolen the other day. 前几天她的电脑被偷了。(3)表示完成/解决某事，此时主语也可能是过去分词所表示动作的执行者。When will you have your homework handed in? 你什么时候交家庭作业？【易混辨析】 have sth done/have sb do/have sb doing易混短语意义辨析have sth done让/叫/使/请别人做某事。宾语sth后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，sth与过去分词所表示的动作之间是被动关系have sb do让某人做某事。do与sb是主动关系have sb doing让/叫/使某人一直做某事。do与sb是主动关系，doing表示动作持续进行【跟踪典例】用have+宾语+宾补结构完成句子1. You shouldnt have your horse _ so fast. Its too dangerous.你不该让你的马一直跑得这么快。这太危险了。2. I have my husband _ some housework every day.我每天让丈夫做些家务。3. He had his leg _ while