（江苏专用）2019高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 四 推理判断-细节推断题课件.ppt

四、推理判断细节推断题,专题三第二节分类突破,感悟体会,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,感悟体会,ItwasalreadymidnightandIwaswalkingquicklyoutofRecoveryRoom，knowingIhadtobebackearlynextmorning.Thoughinahurry，Inoticedalonewomanwithananxiouslookonherface.Asitturnedout，herdaughter-in-lawhadjustbeentransferredtoIntensiveCare，soIdecidedtotakeherupthere.Downthehall，shestated，“Ibetyouretryingtoleave，arentyou？”Iconfirmedherobservation，addingthatitwasquiteallright.Wesoonarrived，andupontalkingwiththepatientsnurse，Iwasabletoletherinrightaway.Sheturnedtomeandsaid，“Thankyou，youwillbeblessed.”,Thenextday，onmywayhomeaftermydayshift，InoticedavoicemailfrommysisterinRochester，whichgavemeanuneasyfeeling.IhadtopullofftheroadasIlistenedtohermessage：“Momhadastroke；shesinthehospitalandtheNeurologistsaiditdoesntlookgood.”MyminddartedbacktothewordsIhadheardthenightbeforeasIcriedoutwithanger：“Thisisablessing？”,ThefollowingdayIflewuptoRochester.Mybrotherpickedmeupfromtheairportandwesoonarrivedatthehospital.IwalkedintomymomsroomandshelookedasifIhadneverseenherbefore.Herusualbrightsmilewasreplacedwithalookofemptiness.Allatoncethecruelrealityofthesignsandsymptomsofafreshstrokewerethere，butIwasnttheinstructor，Iwasjustafamilymember.Mymomseemedtorecognizeme，andIfoughtbacktearsasItoldherhowmuchIlovedher.,Overthenextfivedays，mymommadeunexpectedprogress，asshebegantospeakafewwords，slowlyandalmostpainfully.Witheachmilestone，itseemedthenursesandaideswerealmostasexcitedaswewere.Everyone，withoutexception，treatedmymomwithkindnessandpassion.Ithinktheeventthatwillstayinmymemoryforeveroccurredonmymomsfourthday.Itwastimetorepeattheswallowingstudytoassessifmymomcouldstarteating.Allfourofussiblingshungtogetherinthewaitingroom，nervous，oureyesshiftingconstantlytothedoorof2607，anticipatinganddesperatelyhopingforgoodnews.,Asherdooropened，thetherapistcameoutwithasmile；weinstantlyknewshehadgoodnews，andwecollectivelybreathedasighofrelief.Fivedaysafterherstroke，mymomwasreadyfortransfertoarehabilitationfacility，andIwasheadedbackdownSouth.Withaveryheavyheart，IsaidgoodbyetomymomandthestafffromtheStrokeUnit.Onthewaybackhome，IhadplentyoftimetothinkaboutmyownexperiencesasaRecoveryRoomnurse.Icouldenvisionthesmilesonsomanyofthefacesofourpatientsastheyleaveourunit.Iwasalsoremindedofthefactthatweashealthcaregivershaveacertainpower：wecanaddtothestressofapatientshospitalexperience，orwecanbetheonerayofsunshinethatleavesasmileontheirface.,Truly，therewillalwaysbethepainofknowingthatmymomhadastroke，butmymemorieswillalwaysbetemperedbythethoughtfulcareshereceivedintheStrokeUnit.IhavesincereflectedonthewordsofgratitudespokentomeaweekearlierbythevisitorItooktotheICU.Yes，Iwasblessed；itwasthekindofblessingthatwillwarmmyheartforever.,语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，作者的母亲轻度中风，作者表现出无助，在医院里每个人和病人的共鸣产生与众不同的效果，母亲康复，作者永远记住这温暖的祝福。,语篇解读,1.Whatactuallymadetheauthoruneasy?A.Thatshehadtolistentoavoicemailfromhersister.B.Thatshedidntbelievetheblessingshehadheard.C.Thatshesensedsomethingwrongwithhermom.D.ThatshemustflyuptoRochesterthenextday.,解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thenextday，onmywayhomeaftermydayshift，InoticedavoicemailfrommysisterinRochester，whichgavemeanuneasyfeeling.IhadtopullofftheroadasIlistenedtohermessage：Momhadastroke；shesinthehospital.”可知，是她感觉妈妈可能身体不舒服，这使她不安。故选C。,答案,解析,2.By“Iwasnttheinstructor，Iwasjustafamilymember”，theauthorwastryingtoshow.A.sympathyB.helplessnessC.angerD.respect,解析推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Allatoncethecruelrealityofthesignsandsymptomsofafreshstrokewerethere，butIwasnttheinstructor，Iwasjustafamilymember.”可知，作者感到非常无助。故选B。,答案,解析,3.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A.Strokerecoveryusuallytakesfivedays.B.Empathy(共鸣)withpatientsmakesadifference.C.Theauthorhasbeenmentallyprepared.D.Hermotherscasewasbeyondexpectation.,解析推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句“Witheachmilestone，itseemedthenursesandaideswerealmostasexcitedaswewere.Everyone，withoutexception，treatedmymomwithkindnessandpassion.Ithinktheeventthatwillstayinmymemoryforeveroccurredonmymomsfourthday.”可知，和病人的共鸣会产生与众不同的效果。故选B。,答案,解析,4.Accordingtothepassage，theauthorendedwithablessing.A.spiritualB.mixedC.disguisedD.material,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Yes，Iwasblessed；itwasthekindofblessingthatwillwarmmyheartforever.”可知，作者以一种精神上的祝福而结束。故选A。,答案,解析,名师点津,一、题型解读细节推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。,该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.4.Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat.,二、解题技巧关键词句细推敲第一步：定位细节根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。第二步：揣摩细节对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。,例如：感悟体会中的3题：根据第四段第三、四句“Witheachmilestone，itseemedthenursesandaideswerealmostasexcitedaswewere.Everyone，withoutexception，treatedmymomwithkindnessandpassion.Ithinktheeventthatwillstayinmymemoryforeveroccurredonmymomsfourthday.”可知，和病人的共鸣会产生与众不同的效果。故选B。,随堂限时练,A(2018山西一模)FiveweeksagoIhadatotalhipreplacementsurgery(髋关节置换手术).InCanada，wehavegreathealthcaresystem.Thatmeanswegetournewhipsforfree.MyhiphadbeenhurtingmeforyearsbeforeIwenttothedoctor.Ofcourse，itwasfree.Shereferredmetoasurgeon，buttheearliestappointmentwasin10months.Thatiswhatbeingfreegetsyou.Tenmonthslater，aftersomefreeX-rays，thesurgeontoldmeIneededasurgery，whichwasaboutan18-monthwait，forsomeseniorcitizenshadbeenontheoperationlist.Another18months!Idraggedmyselfoutofthesurgeonsoffice.,Walkingthroughthehospital，Ithoughtaboutthesituation.Asthe1breadwinnerofalargefamily，Icouldntwaitthatlong，soIhadtogettothefrontline.IwasfullyawareofwhataCanadianshouldbelike(Canadiansareusuallyconsideredgentleandcaring)，butthistimeIreallyneededtofightformyself.Atthatverymoment，intheshopwindowofthehospital，Isawasignwhichread，“VolunteersNeeded.”Suddenly，anideaoccurredtomeIwouldgetthejob.Fortunately，they2signedmeupimmediatelybecausetheaverageageofthevolunteersatthehospitalwas75.Theyweredesperateforsomeyoungblood.,EveryFridaymorning，Iwasattheshop.Whileseeingthehospital5staff，Id3casuallyask，“Whatdoyoudo？”ThenIdtellthem，“Well，Imgettingmyhipreplacedin18months.Itsgoingtobesogreatwhenthepainstops.”Soon，allthestaffgottoknowme.Naturally，inmynextappointment，thesurgeonrecognizedme.Momentslater，Ihadasurgerydatejustweeksaway.,Ihadtosayitwasactuallymyvolunteeringthatgotmetothefrontoftheline.AndImnotashamedofit，forIintendtostickwiththevolunteering.Also，evenwhenIcheatedthesystem，Ididitinawaythatbenefitssociety.,语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者需要做髋关节置换手术，在加拿大这种手术是免费的，但是需要等待很长时间，作者不能等待那么长的时间。于是她开始做志愿者接触医院的人，最终外科的员工也认识了作者，提前为她做了手术。作者认为尽管她欺骗了制度，但是她是以一种有益于社会的方式来做的这件事，是一笔公平的交易。,语篇解读,1.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A.Shefeltratherdisappointed.B.Shecouldntwalkbecauseofthepain.C.Shewastooscaredtohavethesurgery.D.Shedidntbelievewhatthesurgeonsaid.,解析推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Shereferredmetoasurgeon，buttheearliestappointmentwasin10months.”和最后两句“Another18months!Idraggedmyselfoutofthesurgeonsoffice.”可知，作者要免费做髋关节置换手术需要等待很长时间，作者慢吞吞地走出外科门诊。因此推断她感到非常失望。故选A。,答案,解析,2.Whydidthewriterdecidetobeavolunteer?A.Todonatebloodtothehospital.B.Togethernewhipfreeofcharge.C.Toreceivesometinygiftsfromothers.D.Toapproachthedoctorforanearlysurgery.,解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，作者做志愿活动时，看到医院里的职员就和他们闲谈，告诉他们自己非常希望做髋关节置换手术，很快，所有的员工都认识了她，自然外科的员工也认识了她，数周之后，她就进行了手术。因此推断作者做志愿者是为了接近医生早做手术。故选D。,答案,解析,3.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhercheating?A.Itwasashame.B.Itwasapride.C.Itwasbeneficial.D.Itwasafair7deal.,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“AndImnotashamedofit，forIintendtostickwiththevolunteering.Also，evenwhenIcheatedthesystem，Ididitinawaythatbenefitssociety.”可知，作者并不感到羞愧，因为即使她欺骗了系统，她也是以一种有益于社会的方式来做的这件事。因此推断作者认为她的欺骗是一笔公平的交易。故选D。,答案,解析,4.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowIGotMyNewHipB.TheDoctorWhoSavedMyLifeC.HowtoBeaVolunteerinHospitalD.TheProblemofCanadaHealthcareSystem,解析标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，作者需要做髋关节置换手术，在加拿大这种手术是免费的，但是需要等待很长时间，作者不能等待那么长的时间。于是她开始做志愿者接触医院的人，最终外科的员工也认识了作者，提前为她做了手术。作者认为尽管她欺骗了制度，但是她是以一种有益于社会的方式来做的这件事，是一笔公平的交易。因此推断A项“我如何得到我的新髋关节的”为最佳标题。故选A。,答案,解析,B(2018山东淄博一模)Recyclingisessentialintodaysworld.Themostimportantreasonforthisisthathumanprogressandindustryhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletohavelotsofthings，andwhenpeoplehavemanymaterialpossessions，theyareboundtothrowsomeofthemaway.Thiscreatesalotofgarbagewhichinturndestroystheenvironment.Recyclingisawayforustokeeptheworldcleanas8itemsarebrokendownandusedagain，preventingthelitteringoftheenvironment.Insteadofthrowingallyourgarbageintothetrashcan，,youshouldseparatepaper，metal，glass，andplasticintodifferentcontainers.Compostshouldalsoberecycledasthisisexcellentfoodforfarmanimalsandalsomakesforgreatfertilizer(肥料).Youshouldtrytobuyproductsthathavebeenrecycled.Youcanseeifanitemhasbeenmadefromrecycledmaterialsbyitslabel;ifitsbeenrecycled，itwillsayso.Also，insteadofalwaysbuyingnewclothes，youcanarrangetohaveaclothing6swapwithyourfriends.Youbringclothesyoudontwantandpickitemsyouwantfromwhatotherpeoplehavebrought.Notonlydoesthissavetheenvironment，,butitalsosavesyourpocketbook.Remember，whatisonepersonsjunkcanbesomeoneelsestreasure!Thesayingcanbeappliedtoallsortsofthings：books，CDs，furniture，etc.Also，tryshoppingatsecond-handstores，becausetheyoftenhavelotsofitemsstillingoodshapeforyoutochoose.Manycountrieshavemadeiteasyforpeopletorecycle，asalongsidethenormalgarbagetrucks，specialgarbagetruckseandpickuprecyclables.However，inmanycountriesaroundtheworldtheresponsibilityisleftuptothe4individualtorecycle.Therefore，itmustbemadeapriority(优先考虑的事)insocietysowecancontinuetomakeourenvironmentlivable.,语篇解读,语篇解读在当今世界，回收是必不可少的。本文作者主要就回收提供了几点建议并呼吁每个人都应该对回收负起责任。,5.Whyismorewastebeingmadeintodaysworld?A.Peopledisliketheupdateditems.B.Peopleownabundantbelongings.C.Peopleintendtoliveasimplelife.D.Peoplehavemadegreatprogressinindustry.,解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，现在人们拥有丰富的物品。故选B。,答案,解析,6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph3referto?A.Exchangingclotheswithfriends.B.Shoppingatsecond-handstores.C.Throwingawayoldclothes.D.Pickingupnewitems.,解析词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Also，insteadofalwaysbuyingnewclothes，youcanarrangetohaveaclothingswapwithyourfriends.”可知，this指的是“和朋友交换衣服”。故选A。,答案,解析,7.Tomaketheenvironmentenjoyable，weshould.A.alwaysbuynewclothesB.chooserecyclableproductsC.goshoppingatchainstoresD.arrangemoregarbagetrucks,解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Youshouldtrytobuyproductsthathavebeenrecycled.”可知，你应该试着去买那些已经被回收的产品。故选B。,答案,解析,8.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Governmentsdonothinginrecycling.B.Normalvehiclescanpickuprecyclables.C.Theindividualseldomcaresaboutrecycling.D.Everyoneshouldfeelsociallyresponsibleforrecycling.,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，作者呼吁每个人都应该对回收负起责任。故选D。,答案,解析,素材提炼再拓展,做完以上两篇阅读后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句,.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1.Willyouexpecttolivealongtraditionallines：womanashomemakerandmanasbreadwinner？_2.HesignedupasaflightattendantwithKoreanAir._3.Nobodycancasuallysucceed；itesfromthethoroughself-controlandthewill._,养家糊口的人,签约,随意地；随便地,4.Atbesttheyonlycareabouttheirlivesasindividualcells，buttheyfailtoassumeresponsibilityforthehealthofthelargerbody._(二)同义词语替换5.Ifyoudropsomethingintothetrack，pleasecont