Unit19-20英语国家社会与文化入门.ppt

,Unit19WHISTLE-BLOWERS,P.297Par1ThepluralisttheoryofpowerTransparencyandaccountability透明度，责任制.Citizenshavetherighttobeinformedaboutthewayinwhichthecountryisbeinggoverned.,P.298Par1TheelitetheoryofpowerAsmallgroupofpeoplecancontrolandmanipulateresources,ideas,andinformationtostayinpower.,P.297Par2and3Theelitemightbeapolitical,economicorknowledgeelite.,P.297Par3Ordinarypeoplemaybeuninformed,politicallypassive,andeasilydistractedfromkeyissues.,P.298Par5Whywastheroleofthegovernmentincreasedfromthe1880stothe1980s?1.Expansionofeducation,health,andsocialwelfareservices2.Socialsecurityprograms3.Regulationofbusiness4.Morecomplexlegalsystems,P.298Par7Amoveawayfrom“interventionism”.Rejectionof“mixedeconomny”toa“competitivestate”从混合经济到竞争经济,P.299Par2Changes1.financialderegulation2.privatizationofpublicservices3.endofcentralizedwagefixing4.cutsinpublicsector,P.299Par5Contradictionofbureaucracyandcitizenship:Minister:appointedbyprimeminister,orelected,notexperts,atadisadvantageDepartmentheads:appointedandpromotedasexperts,experienced,P.200Par1Lackofclaritybetweenpolicydecision-makingandadministrativedecision-making部长：政策局长、处长：执行办法Example:Reducedomesticviolence,P.200Par4ArelativelyinexperiencedministermaybeinfluencedthroughhisHeadofDepartmentsadministrativeexpertise.,P.300Par5bureaucraticascendancy权力集中ContradictionbetweenbureaucracyandcitizenshipThesearchforequalityoftheredistributivekindbreedsbureacracy;bureaucracybreedsauthority;andautorityunderminestheequalitywhichbredit.,P.301Par1-4Astudyofpower1.Fathersofelitepersonshavehighsocialstatus;2.Threecoreelitegroups:politicians,publicservants,businessmen;3.Thethreegroupsdisagreedamongthemselves.,P.301Par5Self-recruitingelite:Theyarethesamein:maintainingtheirpower.,P.301Par7RecentchangesMinistersappointtheirownexpertadvisers;Thebureaucraticauthoritygainedthroughpermanencyhasbeenundermined.,P.302Par2Thetensionbetweendemocracyandbureaucracyhasnotreallydisappeared.,P.302Par6Whistle-blowerExpertsorcommonpeoplewhotrytoexposeproblemswithinthegovernment.,P.303Par3Elitetheoristsconceptualizeordinarypeopleasanill-informedmass,-easilyswayedbymediadistortionsofpoliticalinformation.,P.303Par4Examplesofwhistle-blowersNurses:mistreatmentofpatients;Intelligenceofficer:wronginterpretationofinformation;Armyofficer:wrongdoingsinEastTimor,P.304Par1-2Howarethewhistle-blowerstreated？IgnoredVilifiedHarassedDemotedDenigrated,P.304Par3Thus,therecurringpatternsofbureaucraticresponsestowhistle-blowerswouldindicatesomesupportfortheelitisttheory,asthewhistle-blowersyndromemakesitdifficultforpeopletoaccomplishtheirreponsibilitiesascitizens.,Unit20RACISMANDPLURALISM,P.311Par1Australiafromoutrightracismtocurrentmulticulturalism,P.312Par1Wheredidmostimmigrantscomefromduringthemiddleofthe19thcentury?,P.312Par2-4Whoweresubjectedtomostseriousdiscriminationinthe19thcentury?,P.312Par5WhatistheWhiteAustraliaPolicy?WhywasWelshorGaelicused?,P.313Par1By1947,abouthowmanypeoplehadBritishbackground?,P.313Par2Whatis“assistedmigration”?Whowere“assisted”?,P.313Par6Whywereaseriesofnon-discriminatoryprogramsintroduced?,P.314Par1-3Whatdoes“multiculturalism”mean?(culture,socialjustice,economy),P.314Par5WhydidPaulineHansonopposemulticulturalism?,P.314Par5WhydidPaulineHansonopposemulticulturalism?,P.314Par8Whydidtheleftsidealsocriticizemultipluralistprograms?,P.316Par1-3Whatarethefirst3stagesintherelationshipbetweenthecolonizersandthePeoplesoftheDreaming?Expropriation,segregation,assimilation,P.316Par5Whatnamedidthecolonizersgivethenativepeople?,P.317Par1Whatwasthe4thstageinthecolonizer-nativerelationship?,P.317Par2Whydidthe100Kooripeopledemonstrate?,P.317Par5In1946,whatwastheresultoftheAboriginalstockmensstrike?,P.318Par2WhatwasthecauseoftheGurindjipeoplesstrike?,P.318Par3Whatwas“whitesupport”?,P.319Par4-5WhowasMabo?Whatwas“terranulius”?WhywastheMabocaseofgreatsignificance?,