专八proofreading.ppt

专八改错10大经典错误,1：冠词问题（a和the以及零冠词的问题）2：代词问题（尤其是代词和名词在单复数上的一致）3：非谓语动词问题（-ed形式与-ing形式的混用；不定式）4：形容词与副词问题5：介词搭配问题（介词名词、动词、形容词的习惯搭配）6：逻辑错误（句子衔接和肯定/否定关系）7：时态语态语气问题（尤其是虚拟语气问题）8：易混词与反义词问题（包括同义词和反义词）9：从句（尤其是名词性从句和定语从句）10：形容词的用法问题（比较级等）,1：冠词问题（a和the以及零冠词的问题）单数可数名词一般前应有冠词，但有些固定搭配中不用冠词Dishwashersandwashingmachinesdojobsthatwereoncedonebythehand.by(the)handbyhandThoughwehaveknowngreatdealaboutspace，westillhavealottolearn.greatdealagreatdeal,ThedaybeforethespeechcontestEnglishteacherEnglishteacher-myEnglishteacher可数名词前通常要加修饰语。此句虽然有English，但指代不明。根据上下文，加上my比较贴切。,2：代词问题（尤其是代词和名词在单复数上的一致）1)TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelTheirtheSmiths指代一家人或夫妇俩。2)Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegames.谈论都是“我们”的事，此处也应一致。,3：非谓语动词问题（-ed形式与-ing形式的混用；不定式）ThevictorywasnomoreconvincedthanIhadexpectedConvincedconvincing令人信服的，表示主语特征Theteacherwentintotheclassroom,followingbysomestudentsFollowingfollowed,分词和不定式的不同含义：现在分词：主动或进行（或完成）；过去分词：被动或完成；不定式：将要发生或目的Succeedinginpassingtheexamination,sheisextremelyhappy.因为（已发生）Tosucceedinpassingtheexamination,sheneedstoworkmuchharder.为了（目的）,Becomingaskilledphotographer,apersonshouldhavebothmanualdexterity（灵巧，灵敏）agoodeyefordetail.BecomingTobecome,4：形容词与副词问题1）形容词用来修饰名词或作表语；副词修饰形容副词或动词：经常有误用Itisessentialthatpeoplebepsychologicalabletoresisttheimpactbroughtaboutbythetransitionfromplannedeconomytomarketeconomy.Psychologicalpsychologically修饰形容词Manhasusedmetalsforcenturiesingradualincreasingquantities.Gradualgradually修饰动词（现在分词形式）,2）系动词和感官动词后接形容词。系动词包括be,appear,seem,become,turn,go,come,grow,keep,感官动词包括feel,smell,taste,sound,look等。其中有些系动词又可以做实义动词：become,appear,turn,go,come,grow,keepIfrequentlyfeelweaklyanddissatisfiedwithmyselfAllthedishestastemostdeliciously.WeaklyweakDeliciouslydelicious,3）-ly结尾的词不一定都是副词，如friendly,woolly长绒毛的,costly昂贵的,lonely,elderly,olderly,fatherly,brotherly,deadly等，注意区分。,4)有些副词有两种形式，但意义不同，需加以区分High高highly：高度地Deep深deeply：深深地Wide宽/大widely：广泛/大大地Hard努力hardly：几乎不Near近nearly：几乎/将近close近closely：细心/严密/密切Late迟lately：最近Most最mostly：主要/通常Just刚/仅/正好justly公平/正当/精确地Pretty相当/非常prettily漂亮地/令人愉悦地,Right就/正是/顺利rightly正确/当/公正地Slow缓慢(go/run/speak/read)slowly慢慢/渐渐地Loud/loudly大声地（louder/loudest）Fair公平/公正/正好fairly相当/适度/公正Easy不着急/慢慢/容易easily轻易/容易/很可能Dead突然/完全/直接deadly极为/死一般地Clean完全/一直cleanly干净利落地Clear清楚/完全/远离clearly清楚/显然/明亮,Hegotup,walkedacrosstheroom,andwithasharpquickmovementflungthedoorwidelyopen.WidelyopenwideopenDecidinghowmuchdiscomfortandriskwearepreparedtoputupwithinthenameofbetterhealthisahighpersonalmatter.Highhighly极为/高度地,5：介词搭配问题（介词名词、动词、形容词的习惯搭配）不及物动词后接宾语应添加介词Butperhapsweshouldlookatbothsidesofthecoinbeforearrivinghastyconclusions.Thisleadschangesinthewayoflife.arriving(at)/leads(to)固定搭配中是否缺介词，注意隔离修饰Ineveryhomeastereoortelevisionwillfilltheroomssound.filltherooms(with)sound,Onsomefields,thishasclearlynothappened.OninThishasprobablybeenthecaseinquiteawhile.Infor,介词to和不定式符号的混淆,Toomanytestswilldoharmtocultivateourindependentthinking.（误）Toomanytestswilldoharmtothecultivationofourindependentthinking.（正）Allthesecontributedtosolvetheseriousproblem.（误）Allthesecontributedtothesolutionoftheseriousproblem.（正）,Thesongssoundedviaradiosinrestaurants，fromcarspassingonthehighwaysandshoeshine(擦皮鞋)parlorsand(in)shoeshineparlors此处应是inrestaurants,fromcars和inshoeshineparlors并列的3个介词短语,6：逻辑错误（句子衔接和肯定/否定关系）Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.Butand微笑和点头意义一致Thereisenoughaudienceandalsoitisalargeroom，youwillprobablynothavetouseamicrophone去掉not,In1860,becausesomeofthefarmpopulationhadmovedtothecity,yeteightypercentoftheAmericanpopulationwasstillinthecountry.Becausethough/althoughUnderthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eveniftheirbodies,becameradicallychanged.Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwersandpreykillers.evenifeven,7：时态语态语气问题（尤其是虚拟语气问题）Wheneverwehearofanaturaldisaster,eveninadistantpartoftheworld,wefeelsympathyforthepeopletohaveaffected.TohaveaffectedtohavebeenaffectedTheoldJewishcustomofbathingthefeetofallstrangersthatcamewithintheirgatesisstillbepracticinginpartsofPalestine.Isstillbepracticingisstillbeingpracticed,IrememberlockingthedoorwhenIlefthomethismorningLockinghavinglocked非谓语动作发生时间早于主语动作发生时间。,虚拟语气标志词（v.）,v.Demand,command,suggest,require,ask,order,insist,advise,move,direct,recommend,propose,see(toit)that等n.demand,request,suggestion,recommendation,advice,proposal,insistence等a.important,fundamental,preferable,necessary,basic,vital,imperative,essential,requested,suggested,demanded等,有些词有多个意义，当不表示建议、命令时，就不能用虚拟语气，如：SomeevidencesuggeststhatREMsleepbeatimewhenthebrainadaptstolifeexperience.Beis（一些证据表明，REMsleep可能是大脑适应生活经验的时间。）,8：易混词与反义词问题（包括同义词和反义词）某些近义词表面意思讲得通，但不贴切或不准确，需要进行替换。Betweensunriseandsunset,streetsandhighwaysareaconstantsourceofvoicefromcars,busesVoicenoiseBecauseofhisexcellentperformance,thebossrosehissalary.（误）Becauseofhisexcellentperformance,thebossraisedhissalary.（正）,Myroommateisgenerous，inconsiderate，andeasytogetalongwithinconsiderate为considerate根据上下文的意思应为“体谅人的”之意。Scienceitselfisharmless，butassoonasitcanprovidetechnology，itisnotnecessarilyharmfulharmfulharmless本句说明科学有时具有危害性,9：从句（尤其是名词性从句和定语从句）当先行项为时间/地点时，如关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，应用which或that，而不用when/who(m)IliveinBeijing，whereisthecapitalofChina.which此处where应改为which，因为它在定语从句中作主语。IsuddenlyrealizedthatmyownparentsaretheoneswhomIcanrely.(on)whom,介词后出现从句，如前有名词或代词作先行项，用which或whom引导定语从句，如没有，则用what引导，这时整个名词性从句作介词宾语。Thechildrenattendedasmallelementaryschool(oftenofjustoneroom)tothattheyhadtowalkeveryday,possiblyforafewmiles.Inthenineteenthcentury,farmworkandlifewerenotmuchchangedfromthattheyhadbeenintheolddays.TothattowhichThatwhat（原从句缺少宾语）,Instead,thisotherpersontoldusastory,ithesaidwasquitewell-known,aboutanAmericanwhohadbeeninvitedtoanArabmealinoneofthecountriesoftheMiddleEast.(00/06)Inthelatenineteenthcentury,farmworkandlifewerenotmuchchangedfromthattheyhadbeenintheolddays.ItwhichThatwhat,在限定性定语从句中，As常和先行词前的such,so,as,thesame搭配；which则无此限制。Heisasbrilliantapoliticianaseverlived.在非限定性定