不能用于被动语态的几种情况总结.doc

_不能用于被动语态的几种情况总结四川省阆中中学校 任金石1、there be 结构及所有的不及物动词或动词短语充当谓语时，无被动语态。e.g：There are twelve moths in a year, Many of his songs have remained popular as ever,他的许多歌曲和以往一样仍然很流行。Winning the medal is like a dream come true.获得奖牌好比梦想成真。注：常见的不及物动词或动词短语有：appear, die, happen, lie(躺；位于), remain, occur, come true, break out, take place 等。2、表示“状态”的谓语动词，如：last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, look like, consist of 等不能用被动语态。e.g：Each game lasts about an hour.每场比赛约一小时。 The committee consists of ten members.委员会由十人组成。3、表示“归属”的动词，如have，own，belong to 等。e.g：We have three meals a day.我们一日吃三餐。These islands belong to Spain.这些岛屿隶属西班牙。4、表示“希望、意图”的动词，如wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。e.g：But I hate autumn and winter。但是我讨厌秋天和冬天。5、宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主语语态，不能用被动语态。e.g：We should help each other. I found myself unable to speak.我发现自己说不出话了。6、宾语是用源宾语、不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。e.g: In the past, they lived a miserable life. They dont allow smoking.7、主动形式表示被动意义。当某些连系动词，如feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时。e.g：The fish semlls good .鱼闻起来很香。The steel feels very cold. 钢摸起来很凉。当cut、read、sell、wear、write等表示主语内在“品质或性能”的动词，其后跟一个副词时。e.g：This kind of colth waskes easily.这种布容易洗。These novels wont sell well.这些小说不会畅销。 My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义，说明主语的意志时。 e.g：The door wont lock. 门锁不上。 The car wont start.车就是发动不起来。want, require, need 后面的动名词用主语形式表示被动含义。e.g：The room needs cleaning = The room needs to be cleaned.这房间需要打扫。注：这三个动词后的动名词主动形式也可替换成动词不定式的被动形式。be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动意义。e.g：This book is well worth reading.在“be+ adj + to do”结构中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时，不定式的动词用主语形式表示被动意义。e.g：This kind of water isnt fit to drink. 这种水不宜喝。The girl isnt easy to get along with. 这个女孩不易相处。在“have+宾语+to do”结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时，不定式用主语语态，否则用被动语态。e.g:“ Do you have any homework to do?” asked Mother.妈妈问：“你有作业要做吗？”（“you”去执行“do”这个动作）“Do you have clothes to be washed？” asked the servant.仆人问：“你有衣服要洗吗？（“you”不去执行“wash”这个动作）with复合结构With a lot of problems to settle, she looks a little anxious .（settle 虽与problems 构成动宾关系，但和句子主语she 是主谓关系，因此此结构中的不定式用主语形式。）有许多问题要解决，她看起来有点着急。be to blame(受责备), be to le