国际贸易实务第10章.ppt

Chapter10ClaimsandSettlement,10.1BackgroundInformationIfacomplaintorclaimhastobemadebythebuyer,themattershouldbeinvestigatedandthesedetailsshouldbelaidbeforethepartycharged.Sometimes,areferencetothepreviouslysatisfactorydeliveriesandservicesmayhelptowinmoresympatheticconsiderationofthepresentcomplaintorclaim.Eachpartyshallappointanarbitratorwithin30daysafterreceiptofnotificationfromtheoppositepartyandtwoarbitratorsthusappointedshalljointlynominateathirdpersonasanumpiretoformanArbitrationCommittee.InChina,thearbitrationisconductedbytheArbitrationCommitteeoftheChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTradeinaccordancewiththeProvisionalRulesofprocedurespromulgatedbythesaidArbitrationCommittee.ThedecisionoftheArbitrationCommitteeshallbeacceptedasfinalandbindinguponbothparties;neitherpartyshallseekrecoursetoalawcourtorotherauthoritiestoappealforrevisionofthedecision.Arbitrationexpensesshallbebornebythelosingparty.,10.2SituationalConversationSection1:Claim(1)B=Brown;W=WangW:Hello,Mr.Brown,howareyou?Itisnicetoseeyouagain.B:Howareyou,Mrs.Wang?Itcertainlyisapleasuretoseeyouagainhere.IhopeyouhadanenjoyabletripfromLondon.W:Theflightwasreallylong,butitwascomfortablesoIdonotfeelverytired.B:Iamgladthatyouhadapleasanttrip.Ihopeyouarecomfortablysettledandfindthingsatthehotelsatisfactory.W:Everythingisperfect,thankyou.Well,now,Mr.Brown,ifyoudontmind,Illgettothepoint.B:Okay.Youwanttotakeupthesubjectofthearbutus,dontyou?W:Thatsright.Yousee,Mr.Brown,youhaveprobablybeenadvisedoftheseriousdamagedonetothelastconsignmentof60casesofarbutus.UponitsarrivalinLondononboardtheS.S.Cornea,itwasfound,muchtoourregret,thatabout50%ofthecaseswereleaking.CloserinspectionbytheHealthOfficersshowedthatthecontentswereconsideredunfitforhumanconsumption.,B:Justaminute,ifyouplease,Mrs.Wang.HaveyourpeopleinLondondiscoveredwhatweretheexactcausesoftheleakage?Itwasratherasingularcase,forthousandsoftonsofthisproducthavebeenexportedandthisseemstobetheonlycaseofashipmentbeingdamagedenroute.W:IamsorryIhavetosayitwasnotenroute.ItwasdefinitelydamagedpriortoloadingontotheS.S.Cornea.Youmaythinkitasingularcase,yetthefactremainsthatthishasmadeitnecessaryforustofileaclaimonyou.Here,Mr.Brown,IhavebroughtalongwithmethecertificateissuedbytheLondonHealthOffice.Itspeaksforitself.Astothecauses,closerinspectionandexaminationbyourcargo-handlingpeoplerevealedthattheleakageofjuicewasbroughtaboutdamagedtins.TheywereevidentlybrokenthroughcarelesshandlingwhilebeingloadedontotheshipsholdinSydneydock.B:AsIhavesaidbefore,thewholebusinessismostunfortunate.Wehavenevercomeacrosssuchacaseofdamageduringloading.,W:IhavetoremindyouthatourtermsareCIFportofLondon.WhilewehavefullconfidenceinyourCommoditiesInspectionBureau,thisisacasethatoccurredaftertheirsamplingandanalysisatthefactory.Andthebrokentinsthroughcarelesshandlinganddeteriorationofthecontentsenroutebroughtaboutthisstateofaffairs.Now,Mr.Brown,youarewellawarethatourbusinesshasjuststartedthisbranchofactivitiesandthelosesthussustainedwillbeablowtothisdepartment.Iamsureyouwillthinkitfaironourpartwhenwesuggestthatthetotalvalueoftheparcelshouldbereducedby50%andthatyoushouldgiveusanallowancebywayofcreditfortheamounttobesetagainstourfuturepurchasesofcannedfruitsfromyou.B:Tobefairtoyourcompany,IamdirectedbymySydneybranchtosettlethisissuewithyouamicablyontheconditionthatyougiveusacertificateissuedbyyourHealthDepartment.Nowthatthisisavailable,Ithinkeverythingwillbeinorder.W:Iamsogladtohearofyourreadyagreement.Yourfairnessinbusinessdealingisunsurpassed.Shallwesendyoualetterconfirmingthis?,B:Assoonasyousendusaletterconfirmingthisconversation,wellsendyouareplyimmediately.W:Thankseversomuchforyourcooperation,Mr.Brown.Goodbye.B:Goodbye.Section2:Claim(2)W:Mr.Brown,Idliketotalkwithyouaboutsomethingthatisgettingtobeaproblem.Idlike,ifpossible,toseeitsettledatthismeeting.B:Whatisit,Mrs.Wang?W:Itsaboutthequalityof300cartonsofdriedmushrooms.Theyreachedustwoweeksago,andwereimmediatelyexaminedaftertheyarrived.Toourastonishment,about20%ofthemweremoldyandinmanycartonstherewereevensmallbrownishbugscrawlinginandoutofthehalf-eatenmushrooms.Wecannotaccepttheminthisstate.Theyareunfitforhumanconsumption.AndtheMedicalOfficerofHealthhasissuedaStopNoticeonthem.B:Isthatso?Sofarwehaventhadanycomplaintofthiskind.Ourmushroomshaveenjoyedagoodreputationfortheirsuperiorqualityforyears.Wearereallyatalosstounderstandwhyyourlotwasfoundmoldyandworm-eaten.Haveyouanyevidence?,W:Certainly.Heresasurveyreportbyawell-knownlabinLondon,whosetestimonyisabsolutelyreliable.B:Thougheverythingmaybeasyousay,therearemanyfactorsinvolved.Whatsmore,yoursurveyorshavenotmentionedanycauseforthedamage.W:Themushroomswerepackedinsmallonepoundplasticbags,sixtyofthesebagstoacarton.Itisstatedonthesurveyorsreportthatexternalconditionsofgoodsatthetimeofsurveyareallsoundandintact.Soitisobviousthecauseofthedamageisthatthemushroomswerenotcompletelydriedbeforepacking.B:Asyouknow,beforeshipment,theCommodityInspectionBureauinspectedthegoodsinquestion.Theyconcludedthatthegoodswerewelldehydratedfromfreshandchoicematerialanduptostandardforexport.W:IthinktheInspectionBureauatyourend,wheneffectinginspection,onlyselectedafewpackageatrandomthesehappenedtobeuptothestandard.Thepartthatwasnotdriedproperly,mostprobably,escapedfromtheirattention.Astheamountinquestionisonly20%ofthewholeshipment,Ithinkitisonlyreasonablethatyoushouldcompensateusfortheloss.,B:Theinspectioncertificate,whichisbasedonarandomselectionof20%oftheconsignmentasweveagreedonbeforehand,isconsideredfinalandbindinguponbothparties.Wedonotacceptanyclaimsforcompensationforlossincurredintransit,becauseyouboughtthegoodsatFOBHoustonandonshippingquality,notonlandedquality.Yourclaim,inouropinion,shouldbereferredtotheinsurancecompany,asthemishapoccurredaftershipment.W:Wevealreadygotintouchwiththeunderwriter.Buttheyhaverefusedtoacceptanyliability.Theyattributedtheaccidenttotheeffectsofdampnessduringthelongseavoyage.B:Thatsamatteroverwhichwecouldexercisenocontrol,then.ImafraidIhavetoinsistthatyouapproachtheinsurancecompanyforsettlement,thatis,ifyouhavecoveredthisriskinyourcoverage.W:Tomyregret,wefailedtocovercontamination.Thisisanunfortunateoversightonourpartandalessontous.B:Otherwisetheinsurancecompanywouldnodoubthaveentertainedyourcase.W:Well,liveandlearn.Itseemswellhavetowaivetheclaim.,10.3EmailCommunicationLetter1:ClaimforInferiorQualityDearSirs,Thegoodsyousenttousarenotinconformitywithqualityofthecontractandmadeuslosealotofmoney.Wefeelthatthepercentageofthegoodsofinferiorqualitywastoohigh.Soaskingforthatyoushouldfixuptheproblemsandmakeituptous,makingamendsforthelossesbyreplacingalloftheinferiorproducts,andpayingforthebusinesswehavelost.Yoursfriendly,Letter2:RejectingtheClaim(RepudiationofClaim)DearSirs,WeareinreceiptofyourletterofOct.28th,2011togetherwiththeenclosures.Uponexaminationofthepaper,weregretthatwecannotseewaytoentertainingyourclaimonthefollowinggrounds:1.YoufailedtoapplytoourclaimssettlingagentsforasurveytobeheldinHamburg,thefinaldestinationnamedinourinsurancecertificates.2.Youdidnotapplyintimetothecarriersforajointsurveyofthegoodsthusprejudicingourrightofrecoveryfromthem.Therelativedocumentsarereturnedherewith.Yoursfriendly,Letter3:ProposingSettlementbyArbitrationDearSirs,Itellyouregretfullythatnosettlementcanbereachedforthedisputesthroughsomanynegotiations,becausetherearemanydisputesthatcannotbesettled.Butwemustletourprofitsoutofdamage,anddecreasetheloss.Therefore,forthesakeofsettlingthoseproblems,wesuggestthatthosedisputesbesubmittedforarbitrationaccordingtothecontract.Yoursfriendly,Letter4:AgreeingtoPaytheClaimDearSirs,WeareinreceiptofyourletterofJan.3rd,2011claimNo.PLCO792withenclosures,inregardtoaclaimfordamagetotheshipmentcoveredundertheabovepolicy.Havingexaminedthesupportingdocumentsforwardedbyyou,weagreetopaytheamountofUSD1,653inclusiveofyoursurveyingandclaimsettlingfeesinsettlementofthisclaimandhavesentyouamailtransferfortheaboveamountthroughtheBankingDepartmentofBankofChina,Beijing.Kindlysettletheclaimwiththeconsigneesandreturntoustheenclosedreceiptandsubrogationformuponcompletionbythem.Yoursverytruly,Letter5:LodgingaClaimwithCarrierDearSirs,WeencloseherewithourstatementofclaimNo.222togetherwiththerelevantsupportingdocumentsinrespectofdamagetotheabovegoodscoveredunderourabovecertificate.Youwillnotefromtheenclosedsurveyreportthatthedamageisattributedtoroughhandlingwhilstthegoodswereinyourcustody.AstherearenoadverseremarksontheBillofLading,youshouldhavedeliveredthepackagesingoodconditionastheywereatthetimeofshipment.Unfortunately,youhavefailedtodoso,andtherefore,areentirelyresponsibleforthedamageforanamountofRMB2,500oninvoicevaluebasis.Wetrustyouwillgiveourclaimyourpromptattentionandaffectyourremittanceinfullsettlement.Yoursfaithfully,10.4PracticalSkillsSkill1:ExplanatoryNotesonTechnicalTerms1.claimn.索赔，赔偿要求v.索赔，要求赔偿(1)lodgeaclaimagainstsb.forsth.意为向某人就某事提出索赔，lodge一词可换为raise，file，putin，make，issue，lay，register，render，enter，bringup，setup。a.WeshallraiseaclaimagainstthePICCforthegoodsdamagedduringtransit.b.Wehavefiledaclaimagainstyoufortheshortdeliveryof12metrictons.(2)claim(acompensationof)fromsb.forsth.向某人就某事提出索赔(的赔偿)WeshouldclaimUS$2,540fromyouforthelosscausedbyimproperpacking.2.presumevt.推测，认为(1)Sinceyoudidnotreplytoourfaxintime,wepresumeyouarenotinterestedintheoffer.,(2)Wepresume(that)theyhavemetyourrequirements.(3)Asignedinvoicepresumesreceiptoftheshipment.3.ApplicationforArbitrationThePlaintiff:M.M.Corp.Address:Bcity,ChinaTheDefendant:V.V.V.Co.,Ltd.Address:.city.4thMay,2012StatementofFacts:ThisdisputeexistingbetweenthePlaintiff,M.M.Corp.andtheDefendant,V.V.V.Co.,Ltd.wasbroughtaboutbytheDefendantsfailuretocommitthemselvestothecontracts470Eand471Econcludedonthe14thMay,2011forthesupplyof8,000metrictonsofAluminumIngots.TheclaimsumbythePlaintiff:748,000TheclaimfoundationbyPlaintiff:thecontract470EofAluminumIngots(thepurityis99.5%),theunitepriceis150permetricton,thegeneralweightis6,000metrictons.,ThePlaintiffherebyclaimstobecompensatedbytheDefendantnotonlywithanamountoflossestotaling748,000(inPoundSterlingofSevenHundredandFortyEightThousand),causedbytheDefendantsfailuretoexecutethecontractsconcluded,butalsowithalltheexpensesarisingfromthisarbitration.EnclosedherewiththisformofApplicationforArbitration,pleasefindanamountforservicechargecovering3,740(inPoundSterlingofThreeThousandSevenHundredandForty),equivalenttotheChinesecurrencyRMB15,729(FifteenThousandSevenHundredandTwentyNineYuan),paidinadvanceincompensationforthecostofarbitrationcalledforbyClauseNo.6ofRulesoftheF.T.ArbitrationCommission.Enclosures:StatementofAppointingArbitratorofF.T.ArbitrationCommissiontoappointanarbitratorfortheDefendant.M.M.Corp.Enclosure1StatementofAppointingArbitrator,ThisservestoauthorizetheChairmanoftheF.T.ArbitrationCommissiontoappointanarbitratoronbehalfofthisCorporationtosettlethedisputeexistingbetweenthePlaintiff,M.M.Corp.andtheDefendant,V.V.V.Co.,Ltd,concerningtheDefendantsfailuretomeettheirobligationundercontractsconcludedforthesupplyof8,000metrictonsofAluminiumIngots.ShouldtheDefendantfailtoappointanarbitratorwithinthetimespecifiedbytheRulesofF.T.ArbitrationCommission,thisCorporationwouldthenasktheChairman.Skill2:UsefulExpressions(1)Yetthelatestlot,toourregret,istooserioustobeoverlookedsothatwefindwemustfileaclaimonyou.(2)Heresasurveyreportbyawell-knownlabinSingapore,whosetestimonyisabsolutelyreliable.(3)Thecasemaythenbesubmittedforarbitration.(4)InChina,theArbitrationCommissionoftheCCPITwillexecutethearbitrationcase.,(5)Theverdictofthearbitrationshallbeacceptedasfinalandbindinguponthetwoparties.(6)Uponopeningthecasewefounditcontainedcompletelydifferentarticles,andwepresumethatamistakewasmadeandthecontentsofthecasewereforanotherorder.(7)WeregrettoinformyouthatthegoodsshippedperS.S.Dragonarrivedinsuchanunsatisfactoryconditionthatwecannotbutlodgeaclaimagainstyou.(8)Anycomplaintaboutthequalityoftheproductsshouldbelodgedwithin15daysaftertheirarrival.(9)Afterreinspectionwefoundthatthequalityofthegoodswasnotinconformitywiththecontractstipulations.(10)Inviewoftheabove,weregretthatwehavetoreturnthedefectivegoodstoyouforreplacementatyourexpense.(11)Weregrettotellyouthatyourclaimcannotbeentertainedasitisraisedfarbeyondthetimelimitstipulatedinthecontract.(12)Inthespiritofgoodwillandfriendshipweagreetoacceptallyourclaims.,第十章索赔与理赔,一、背景知识如果买方提出索赔，必须对有关问题进行详细调查，并将详情告知卖方。有时也应援引以往买方满意的交货和服务案例，这样会有助于在当前的投诉和索赔中赢得同情分。在收到对方通知之日起30日内，各方应指定一名仲裁员。被指定的两名仲裁员应联合选择第三者作为首席仲裁员，组成仲裁委员会。在中国，仲裁由中国国际贸易促进委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会按照其公布的仲裁程序暂行规定进行。仲裁委员会的裁决为最终裁决，对双方均有约束力。双方当事人都不得向法院或其他机关提出变更的要求。仲裁费用由败诉方负担。二、情景对话对话1：索赔(1)B=Brown；W=WangW：布朗先生，你好。很高兴再次见到你。B：王小姐，你好。很荣幸在这里又见到你。希望你从伦敦来一路旅途愉快。,W：飞行时间虽长，但客机非常舒适，所以也不觉得很累。B：我很高兴你旅途愉快。希望你住得舒适，对旅馆设施觉得满意。W：谢谢你，一切都很好。噢，布朗先生，要是你不介意的话，现在咱们就开始谈谈业务吧。B：好，你想谈谈杨梅的事，对不对？W：对。布朗先生，也许你已经知道最后一批60箱的杨梅严重损坏的情况。“柯娜”轮一到达伦敦的时候，我们就遗憾地发现其中有一半左右的箱子渗漏。经卫生检疫局官员仔细检查，认为内装食品不可供人们食用。B：王小姐，请稍等。请问伦敦的人有没有发现渗漏的确切原因？这件事只是个例，我们已经出口好几千吨了，在中途损坏还是头一回。W：很抱歉，我得说明，损坏不是在运输途中发生的。很明显，损坏是在装上“柯娜”号轮前发生的。你可能认为这事是头一回，可事实不得不让我们向你们提出索赔。布朗先生，这儿是伦敦卫生检疫局官员签发的证书，上面写得一清二楚。至于原因，我们经办装卸的人仔细检查，结果发现果汁渗漏的原因是锡罐被损坏了。很明显是在悉尼码头装船时，因搬运疏忽大意而造成锡罐受损的。,B：我刚才讲过，整件事实在是很不幸。我们从未遇到过罐头在装船时发生如此损坏的情况。W：我不得不提醒你，我们的条款是伦敦到岸价。虽然我们很信赖你们的商品检验局，可是损坏是在工厂抽样化验之后发生的。事情发展到这个地步是由于搬运不慎导致锡罐破裂，使食品中途变质。布朗先生，你很清楚我们才开始经营这项业务，蒙受这样的损失对业务部门是一个打击。我们建议这批货从总价中削减50%，并给予我们补贴，此款项就用于将来向你们订购罐头水果时冲销，我相信你会赞同这种公平的做法。B：悉尼分公司派我来和你们公平友好地解决这件事，前提条件就是把你们卫生部签发的证书给我们。现在证书已经有了，我想事情都会解决的。W：听到你这么痛快地同意了，我很高兴。办理业务这么公平，真是无法比啊。我们将寄信让你们确认，好吗？B：我们一旦收到你们的信确认此次谈话，就会立即回复。W：万分感谢你的合作。布朗先生，再会。B：再见。,对话2：索赔(2)W：布朗先生，我想和你谈谈一件比较麻烦的事情。如果可以的话，我想在这次会议上解决。B：王小姐，是什么事？W：是关于300箱干蘑菇质量的问题。两周前到的货，我们当即进行了检查。令我们吃惊的是，大约20%的干蘑菇已发霉，甚至在许多箱内有褐色小甲虫爬出爬进，有一半蘑菇已被吃掉。这样的货物我们是不能接受的。它们不宜被人们食用。医药卫生官员对这些货物发出了“停售通知”。B：有这么一回事？我们还从未收到过这样的抱怨呢。多年来，我们的蘑菇因质量好而享有盛誉。这真叫我们难于理解，给你们的那批货怎么发霉了，甚至被虫咬了。你有什么证据吗？W：当然有。这是伦敦一家有名的实验室的检验报告，他们的证词绝对可靠。B：虽然事情可能像你所说的那样，但它牵涉到很多因素。况且，你方检验员并没有提及造成损坏的任何原因。W：蘑菇每磅装一小塑料袋，每60袋装进一只木箱。检验员的报告中说，检验时货物的外包装都是完好无缺的。所以很明显，造成损坏的原因是蘑菇在包装前没有彻底干透。,B：如你所知，这批货在装船前由商品检验局检验过。他们的结论是，此货已很好地除去了水分，品质上等，达到出口的标准。W：我想你方商检局进行检验时，只随意地挑了几包，而这几包又恰巧达到了标准。而没达到干燥程度的那部分可能就没被他们注意到。由于波及的数量只是整批货的20%，我想你方应该赔偿我们的损失才算合理。B：我们事前已有协议，任意抽取整批货的20%进行检验，其检验证明最终对双方都具有约束力。因为你买的这批货是休斯敦港船上交货价，以装船质量而不是以到岸质量为准，任何因运输途中产生的损失要求的赔偿，我们都不予接受。我们认为，你们应该要求保险公司索赔，因为损失发生在装船后。W：我们已联系过保险商，但他们拒绝承担任何责任。他们将此事故归咎于长途海运中受潮。B：那种事我们可控制不了。我们恐怕还得坚持这一点，就是你们联系保险公司要求解决，如果你们投保了这种险的话。W：遗憾的是，我们没有投保“污染险”。很不幸，这是我方的疏忽，也是一个教训。B：不然的话，保险公司毫无疑问将会接受索赔的。W：是的，活到老，学到老。看来，我们只好放弃索赔了。,三、邮件往来邮件1：对质次的索赔敬启者：贵公司运来的货物与合同规定的质量不相符合，使得我公司亏了很多钱。我们觉得劣质货物的比率太高。因此，请您必须解决这一问题，并补偿我方的损失。同时，要求贵公司更换所有的劣质产品，并赔偿我方这一次丢掉的生意，以弥补损失。敬上邮件2：拒绝索赔敬启者：贵公司2011年10月28日来函及附件收悉。经过审核有关单证后，本公司非常抱歉地告知，不能接受贵公司的索赔，理由如下：1.贵公司未在保单载明的目的港汉堡向我们的代理人申请检验。2.贵公司未及时向承运人申请对货物进行联合检验，从而使我们丧失向承运人追偿的权利。随函退回有关单证。敬上,邮件3：建议提交仲裁解决敬启者：我遗憾地告诉您，经过多次的协商，仍未就索赔处理事宜达成一致，因为有许多争议未能解决。然而，我们必须保证我方的利益，减少我方的损失。因此，为了使问题得到解决，遵照合同中规定的仲裁条款，我方建议提交仲裁。敬上邮件4：同意赔款敬启者：关于上述保单项下货损索赔事宜，你们2011年1月3