图表写作技巧与训练(s).ppt

持续变化的data在不同情况下:上升：anincrease/arise/agrowth/animprovement/anupwardtrend/togo/growup快速上升:asurge/anupsurge/ajump/aleap/tosurge/totakeoff/tosoar/torocket/下降：adecrease/afall/adrop/adecline/adownturn/adownwardtrend/togo(grow)down/toslip/tobeindecline快速下降：aplunge/aslump/acrash/atumble/toplummet/toplunge/toslump/tosink顶端：topeak/toreachapeak(highpoint)/totopout（达到极限）低谷：toreachalowpoint(thebottom)/tobottomout/hitatrough（降到最低点/低谷）反弹：torecover/torebound/torevive/tospringback波动：fluctuate/undulate/wave.,图表发展趋势万能表达,稳定：remainstable(steady)/stabilize/leveloff/staythesame/reachaplateau/Therewaslittlechange/hardlyanychange/nochangeinthenumberofXXXfrom(第一时间)to(第二时间)/between(第一时间)and(第二时间)程度：dramatic/considerable（相当大的）/significant（重大的）/moderate（适度的）/slight（轻微的）/dramatically（/sharp）/（剧烈地）data在某一个时间段固定不变：fixedintime在一系列的时间段中转变：changesovertime最常用的两种表达法：1)动词+副词形式(Verb+Adv.form)e.g.1ThenumberofXXX+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate.+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly.+from(第一时间)to(第二时间)/between(第一时间)and(第二时间),5)Bycomparisonwith.,thefigureincreasedthreetimes.Asagainst.,thepercentagedecreasedsharply.Comparedwithturnout(产量)fellalmosttwo-fold(两倍的).doubledtripled,2)形容词+名词形式(Adj.+N.form)Therewasa(very)sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight/minimal/small+rise/increase/jump(暴涨)/decrease/decline/drop/reduction/fall/fluctuation+inthenumberofXXXfrom(第一时间)to(第二时间)/between(第一时间)and(第二时间)此外，在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctionalwords/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：并列：aswellas(句首/中)/also/aswell(句尾)/either/neither/too/moreover/furthermore/inaddition/additionally/besides/whatsmore/apartfrom.举例：forexample/instance/toillustrate/asanillustration/inparticular/particularly/especially/aboveall事实：asamatteroffact/infact/effect/actually/virtually/as(so)longas.,雷同/近似：similarly,likewise(句首/尾),atthesametime,equally.转折：however,whereas,nevertheless/nonetheless（然而）,although/（even）though,while,yet,onthecontrary/incontrast（相反）,contrarily/conversely（相反地）,ontheotherhand,unlikely（未必）,instead(of),inspiteof/despite（尽管，不管，不顾）.原因与结果:1)cause-suggestion(几乎不常用)since/nowthat.，Ihope/myhopeisthat.becauseof/onaccountof/owingto/thanksto（由于，幸亏）+(doing)sth/onthegroundthat,Ihope/myhopeisthat.2)cause-effect(较常用)XXXleadto/bringabout/resultin/accountfor.(一个句子),therefore/thus/hence/asaresult/consequently/(and)so.,Inshort,wecansaythat.Inconclusion,itcanbesaidthat.Onthewhole,itmaybestatedthat.Inaword,thereisnodoubtthat.Inbrief,peoplecansaywithcertaintythat.Tosumup,noonewilldenythat.Finally,Asaresult,itcan/may/mightbeconcludedthat.deducedinferredestimatedTherefore,Onthisbasis,Giventhis,Hence,Consequently,3)effect-cause(较常用)XXXbecausedby/resultfrom/betheresultof/betheeffectof/betheconsequenceof.(一个句子),because.itis+adj.that.Itisunimaginablethat.Itisundeniablethat.Itisinterestingtodiscoverthat.其它：The/acurve(line)graph(曲线图表)/piegraph(饼图)/barchart（graph）,histogram(统计直方图；柱状图)/table/diagram(图表)/graph/chart/proportion/rate/percentage/statistics.showsthechangesinthenumberof.overtheperiodfrom.to.但是大家要注意：有的考生会用“ratio”(比率)，甚至是“number”和“figure”来代替，这样表达就不确切了，是会失分的。Thisiswhichdescribesthetrendof.,Asisshown/demonstrated/exhibitedin，itcanbeseen/represents/illustrates/shows/videssomeinterestingdataregarding.Accordingto，itisclear/apparentfromthefigures/percentage/statistics(that)Itcanbeseenfromthechart/diagram/data/figures/graph/picture/histogram/statistics/thatAccordingtothechart/diagram/figures/graph,AsshowninAsindicatedbyAscanbeseeninThechart/diagram/figures/graphtellsusthat.indicatesrevealsshowsconveysthemessages,RevisetheFollowingSentencese.g.1Weak：Ascanbeseenfromthetablechart,itgivesusthepercentageofnationalconsumerexperiencebycategoryin2002infivedifferentcountries.Revision：,Ascanbeseenfromthetable,itcanbeseen/representsthatthepercentagesofnationalconsumerexperiencebycategoryinfivedifferentcountriesin2002.说明：“table”就是表格，“tablechart”是画蛇添足；“us”一词，感觉倒是亲民派系，考官考生一家人啊。写作是半学术文体，这词总有点较为随意。所以，宁为被动，隐去施动者，换成itcanbeseen,或是itrepresentsthat等句，或许会更好点。当句子中同时有地点状语和时间状语时,一般要把地点状语放在时间状语之前。,e.g.2Weak：Thetreesarebare.Thegrassisbrown.Thelandscapeseemsdrab.Revision：e.g.3Weak：Theteammembersaregoodplayers.Revision：e.g.4Weak：Oneworkersplanistheeliminationoftardiness.Revision：说明：2）将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。,Thebrowngrassandbaretreesformadrablandscape.(转换为前置定语)Or：Thelandscape，bareandbrown，beggedforspringgreen.(转换为并列结构作后置定语)说明：避免使用语意弱的“be”动词。1）把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。,Theteammembersplaywell.,Oneworkersplaneliminatestardiness.,e.g.5Weak：Thereisnoopportunityforpromotion.Revision：e.g.6Weak：Herearethebooksyouordered.Revision：说明：3）在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中，把“be”动词后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。,翻译下列常用表达,Noopportunityforpromotionexists.,Thebooksyouorderedhavearrived.,1、通过第一个曲线图，我们可以知道_,也说明了结果是_2、一张有趣、有教育意义的、(内容)的图片(这句模板在雅思小作文中的应用非常的广泛。)3、当前有一张涉及_的增长曲线图，许多人_，然而其他人倾向于_。4、目前，共同之处是_,许多人喜欢_因为_。除此之外还由于_。,Accordingtothefirstgraph,itcanbeseenthat_itcanalsobeconcludedfromitthat_.,Thereisaninterestingandinstructivepicturewhichgoeslikethis:_.,Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernover_.Manypeoplelike_,whileothersareinclinedto_.,Nowadays,itiscommonto_.Manypeoplelike_because_.Besides,_.,5、就像许多其他事物，(图表所示)_被_更加喜爱，然而这一观点正被_所抨击，一些人认为_，他们指出_.6、每种事物都有两面性，而_也不例外，包括利和弊。7、_作为_被观察了许多年，但是人们现在像发现新大陆一样注视着它。,_，justlikemanyotherthings,arepreferredby_.Whilebeingattackedbytheideathat_,somepeopleconsider_.Theypointthat_.,Everythinghastwosidesand_isnotanexception.Ithasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.,Foryears_hadbeenviewedas_.Butpeoplearetakingafreshlookatitnow.,8、政府保证_，对于这份保证，大多数人做出了强烈地回应，因为_。9、_出现在我们日常生活中是很平常的，无论我们做什么，_都是不可避免的。10、_在人群中已经成为热门话题，特别是在年轻人中，激烈的争论无休止。,Ithasstipulatedbythegovernmentthat_.Tothisstipulation，manypeoplerespondactivelybecause_.,_isacommonoccurrenceinourdailylife.Whateverwedo，_cantbeavoided.,_hasbecomeahottopicamongpeople，especiallyamongtheyoung，andheateddebatesarerightontheirway.,Recently,asurveyhasbeendonetofindout_(thetopic).(students/people)wereinterviewedtoanswerthequestion_.Asisshown/indicated/illustratedbythefigure/percentageinthetable/graph/picture/pie/chart，_(thetopic)hasbeenonrise/decrease（rising/decreasing）(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadilyfrom_in_to_in_.Fromthesharp/markeddecline/riseinthechart,itgoeswithoutsayingthat.Thereareatleasttwogoodreasonsaccountingfor_.Ontheonehand,Ontheotherhand,_isduetothefactthatInaddition,_isresponsiblefor_.Maybetherearesomeotherreasonstoshow_.Butitisgenerallybelievedthattheabovementionedreasonsarecommonlyconvincing.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iholdthepointofviewthat.Iamsuremyopinionisbothsoundandwell-grounded.,图表作文写作模板,考研英语图表作文模板,Thechartgivesusanoverallpictureofthe_（图表主题）.Thefirstthingwenoticeisthat_（图表最大特点）.Thismeansthatas_,_（进一步说明）.Wecanseefromthestatisticsgiventhat_（图表细节I）.AfterV+ing_（细节一中的第一个变化）,the_V+ed+幅度+时间（紧跟着的变化）.Thefiguresalsotellsusthat_（图表细节II）.（数据位置,如Inthesecondcolumn）,wecanseethat_accountsfor_（进一步描述）.Judgingfromthesefigures,wecandrawtheconclusionthat_（结论）.Thereasonforthis,asfarasIamconcernedisthat_（给出原因）./ItishightimethatweV+ed（发出倡议）.,一数据类图表,1.1Piechart(圆形图/饼状图/圆面分割图)它是比较形象和直观的一种图形，此图形反映的是整体与部分的关系，整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。通常以百分数的形式表现出来，所以描写重点是图中的比例构成和最具特点的扇面。描写的时候注意最大或最小的扇面，对于各扇面数据的描写最好以从大到小的顺序来进行。ThisisapiechartoftheaverageweeklyexpenditureofafamilyinGreatBritain.Ascanbeseefromthechart,themainexpenditureofanaverageBritishfamilyisspentonfood,whichaccountsfor25%ofitstotalexpenditure.Thenexttwosignificantexpendingitemsaretransportandhousing,whichare15%and12%respectively.Ifwetakeintoaccountclothingandfootwear,whichmakesup10%,thefouressentialsoflife,thatis,food,transport,housing,andclothingandfootwear,amountto62%ofthetotalexpenditure.,1.1.1饼状图的写作思路1.审题分析三步法：Step1：观察共有几张饼图，以及它们之间的关系是什么(一般说来，雅思图表题中极少见到单饼图)；Step2：观察每张饼图中有哪几个区域，以及各个区域分别代表什么；Step3：观察单个饼图中各区域间的百分比差异，以及相同区域在各个饼图间的百分比的比较或发展。2.选词和万能句在饼图中，表示百分比的句子是必不可少的。一般表示百分比有两种比较容易掌握的句型。1）占据be/form/comprise/makeup/constitute/cover/represent/accountfor/amounttobesharedby2）百分数Proportion/rate/percentage,3）比例，倍数aquarterofhalfofamajorityofAhassomethingincommonwithBAsharessomesimilaritywithBThedifferencebetweenAandBliesinDouble(2倍),triple(3倍),quadruple(4倍),(v,n,adj.)betwiceas+adj.+as.morethan_timesas+adj.+as.fourfold(adv.,adj.)=fourtimesasmuchas4）描述Itisclearthatthemost(adj.)_isA,whichaccountsfor_%ofall_.Bisthenextlargest(adj.)_,_%lowerthanAofall_andfollowedcloselybyC.Theabovethreeitemsof_takeupabout_%ofthe_%Bycontrast,D,EandFmakeupthesmallestpercentageoftotal_,whichare_%,_%and_%,respectively.Theregionscanbedividedintotwogroups:onewhereandtheotherwherethereverseisthecase.,1.1.2ModelAnalysis：p59,Studythefollowingdataonloveandmarriagebasedonasurveywithgirlstudents.Writeapassageonthetopic“Whatdogirlstudentslookforinloveandlife?”,17%,11%,14%,27%,31%,Whatdoyoulookforfirstinaboyfriend?,19.7%,9.1%,3%,68.2%,Whatsthemostimportantforahappylife?,WhatDoGirlStudentsLookforinLoveandLife?Inordertoknowaboutgirlstudentsopinionaboutloveandlife,asurveywithgirlstudentswasconductedin2005intwouniversitiesChongqingUniversityofTechnologyandBusinessandEastChinaNormalUniversity.Thesurveysoughtanswerstotwoquestions:Wh