动词用法大全.doc

动词用法时态：高考常见的8种时态。关键记忆构成不同时态的时间状语（如last, yesterday用一般过去式） 主动语态常见时态的被动语态的构成语态非谓语动词得被动语态构成 被动语态（be done） 一般语气（陈述语气）= 常见时态的构成感叹句（感叹名词、形容词）It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+从句是动词要考虑语气助动词（相应时态）+动词原形I do care about your feeling.(我的确在乎你的感受)强调句倒装句If 引导的条件状语从句虚拟语气一坚持；二命令；三建议；四要求；外加recommend, urge urge特殊句式中虚拟语气如何变化谓语动词to do：目的，将来 主语，宾语，定语，表语，状语，补语 doing:主动，进行 主语，宾语，定语，表语，状语，补语 非谓语动词done:被动，过去完成 表语，定语，状语，补语引言：英语中语气、语态的变化都是通过动词变形实现的，所以掌握动词的变形举足轻重。切记：要把示意动词充当谓语和非谓语动词要分开，非谓语顾名思义已经不是谓语动词了，所以它的用法和变形与动词时态是不一样的！ 记住：to do:目的，将来，具体行为 doing：主动，进行，一般行为 done:被动，完成，过去非谓语类型不定式(to do)目的，将来动名词（现在分词）（doing）主动，进行过去分词（done）过去，完成充当句子成分主语，宾语，定语，表语，状语，补语主语，宾语，定语，表语，状语，补语定语，状语，补语,表语一般式to do / to be done(被动)doing/being done(被动) done完成式to have done/to have been donehaving done/having been done(被动)否定式Not to doNot doing Not done非谓语动词（to do, doing ,done）句中充当得成分以及变形（务必牢记）：下面我们分门别类的讨论不同结构及用法：作主语动名词（doing）作主语1) Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。改错：Play Taiji benefits our health. Playing Taiji benefits our health.（动词原形不能直接作主语，做主语要把动词名词化，变成doing或to do）2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.)等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。 It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football打篮球很有趣。It is a waste of time trying to explain设法解释是浪费时间。3) It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sthIt is useless speaking.光说没用。It is nice seeing you again真高兴又遇到了你。It is good playing chess after supper晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is expensive running this car开这种小车是浪费。动词不定式（to do）作主语（具体的/个别的或将来的动作，多用不定式作主语）To read this book is very interesting.To be a teacher is his dream.作宾语动名词作宾语1）只能跟动名词作宾语的动词有：Suggest, finish, avoid, cant help(禁不住)，mind, enjoy, require, practice, miss, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, keep, leave off, put off, keep on, give up + doing eg. He tries to avoid making mistakes. The man missed being chose by that world-famous company.2）begin, start, like, love, hate, propose, prefer, dislike, continue, want, need, stop, forget, remember, regret, try, delay, go on doing (正在做的)（like, dislike, love + doing一般性的爱好） （go on, stop, continue + doing一件事情）+ to do （去做）（like, dislike, love + to do某次具体的动作）（go on, stop, continue + to do两件事情）切记：remember doing 做过 mean doing 意味着 try doing尝试着做 remember to do 去做 mean to do 打算做 try to do 试图做 forget doing忘记做过 regret doing 后悔做 forget to do忘记去做 regret to do后悔去做3）want, need, require表示“需要” want 物+ need + doing (=to be done) requireHis clothes needed mending (to be mended).These young trees will require looking after. 动词不定式作宾语Wish, hope, agree, ask, promise, decide, expect, manage, offer, pretend, plan, refuse, care, fail, afford, determine等 + to do.Did you agree to go to the park yesterday afternoon?Everybody wishes to have good health.作表语动名词(现在分词)作表语1) My job is teaching.His hobby is believing.Our work is serving the people. （表示抽象的、一般的动作）2) 现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质特征，译为“令人”，常见的词有moving, amusing, astonishing, frightening, relaxing, shocking, worrying等。eg. The news she brought us was very exciting.动词不定式作表语eg. Our work is to serve the people. (表示具体的、将来的某次动作) His dream is to travel across the wild island in the world.作定语 动名词（doing） （a walking stick, boiling water, a falling leaf, a sleeping baby） -主动，进行前置定语 过去分词（done）（a fallen leaf, a broken watch, boiled water, a finished task） - 被动，完成 动词不定式(to do) （I have many letters to write. (to write many letters)We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. Thats the way to do it.） -目的，将来 动名词（doing）the children playing the park (the children who are playing the park)后置定语（本质上是省略了引导词 过去分词（done）a book written in 17 C和系动词的定语从句） (a book which is written in 17 C) 动词不定式(to do) a building to be built next month (a building which is to be built next month)作状语作-引导状语从句第一类：两动作由同一主语发出，把前面动作处理成分词引导状语从句。现在分词doing 表示时间，原因，让步等状语。-与主语是主动进行。1.Being sick, he didnt go to work. （原因状语）2.Having no money, I borrowed some from Johan. （原因状语）3.The Iraq War went on for months, killing a lot of ordinary people. （结果状语）4.Seeing from the top of tower, I saw a beautiful city of Paris. （时间状语）5.Walking along the bank, I met a friend. （时间状语）6.They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. （伴随状语）过去分词done 表示时间，让步等状语。-与主语是被动完成(过去)。1.Given another chance, Im sure I will be successful.2.Seen from the top of the tower, Paris looks really beautiful.3.Followed by a dog, the old man often takes a walk in the park.动词不定式to do表示目的，将来状语作状语。-与主语是目的将来。1.To finish the job on time, I have to hurry my steps.2.To reach the airport to see my sister off, I have to take a lift.第二类：前后句意不是同一个逻辑主语时，把前面表示时间、问题、天气、事物的名词或代词后的动词处理成分词引导状语从句：分词的独立主格结构。1.The problem solved, he went back home. (问题被解决)2.Time permitting, we will go outing this weekend. （时间允许）3.The report having been read, a lively discussion began. （报告被读完）作补语动名词(doing)作补语 主动，进行1） doing作宾补和前面的宾语其实形成逻辑上的主谓关系。I found a bag lying on the ground.The boss kept the workers working the whole night.4) 用doing形式作宾补的动词有：a. 感官动词：see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to, 等。I see him stealing money from the women.Can you smell anything burning?注意：感官动词+宾语+ doing 动作正在进行 do （原形）动作完成we heard the telephone ring.we heard the telephone ringing.b. 使役性动词：have, set, keep, get, catch, leave, let, makeI wont have you doing that.我不能容忍你那么做。Im sorry to have keep you waiting.动词不定式(to do)作宾补 目的，将来1）“动词+宾语+（not） to do”，这类动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn等。2）“动词+宾语+to be”，这类动词有：consider，declare，discover，feel，find，suppose等。I know him to be a liar. I suppose him to be away from home.3）“动词+宾语+do”, 这类动词有：feel，have，hear，let，make，notice，observe，see，watch等。还有两个词组：listen to，look at.例如：She wont let me do it.I heard her lock the door.We watched the children play games.注意:这类句子变为被动结构时，不定式前加to。 例如：A child was seen to enter the building.She was often heard to sing this song.3） help后的不定式可加to，也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多)，但被动结构中要加to。 例如： Ill help you(to) push the cart.被动语态为：Youll be helped to push the cart.4）“动词+介词短语+to do”I depend on you to do it.I am counting on you to help me through.此类动词还有：shout to sb.to do，call on sb. to do，count on sb. to do，depend on sb. to do，wait for sb. to do等。练习：1.They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. (1988全国)A. grow B. grew C. was growing D.to grow2.The teacher asked us _ so much noise. (2003北京)A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make3.My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (2004北京)A. for me taking B.me taking C. for me to take D.me to take4.The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (2004上海)A. causing B. being caused C.to be caused D.to have caused5. -Is Bob still performing？-Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. (2005江苏)A.to have left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to be left 6.The mother felt herself _ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (2006上海)A. grow B. grown C.to grow D.to have grown7.Energy drinks are not allowed _ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (2006上海)A.to make B.to be made C.to have been made D.to be making过去分词(done)作宾补 被动，过去（1）表示感觉和心理状态 _感官_动词，如：see, hear, watch, feel, think, find, notice, listen to A. I find my money stolen. B. He watched the balloon blown away.C. He was about to enter the hall when he heard his name called.归纳：see, watch, hear, not