地理科学专业英语单词复习.ppt

Wordandphrase1.core;mantle;crust地核；地幔；地壳4.continentalcrust大陆地壳5.granite;basalt花岗岩；玄武岩6.sial;sima硅铝层；硅镁层7.surfacewaves;body.面波；体波8.epicentre;focus震中；震源9.lithosphere岩石圈10.tectonicplate构造板块,11.continetaldrift大陆漂移12.asthenosphere软流层13.oceanridge洋脊14.oceantrench海沟15.subduction俯冲作用16.volcanism火山作用17.foldmountain褶皱山脉18.fold;fault褶皱；断层19.sedimentaryrocks沉积岩,20.vent火山口21.lava熔岩22.volcaniccones火山锥23.parasiticcone寄生火山锥24.plug岩颈25.volcanicash火山灰26.mechanicalweathering机械风化27.chemicalweathering化学风化28.freeze-thaw冻融,29.pressurerelease卸荷释重30.limestone石灰岩31.hydrolysis水解作用32.quartz石英33.hydration水合作用34.oxidation氧化作用35.alluvium冲击层36.gravel砂砾37.denudation剥蚀作用,38.precipitation降水39.climaticzone气候带40.mid-latitude中纬度41.semi-arid半干旱42.tropicalwet-dry热带干湿季气候43.watershed分水岭44.drainagebasin流域45.regolith风化层46.soilcreep土壤蠕动,47.massmovement块体运动48.strata地层49.overlandrunoff地表径流50.sheetwash片状冲刷51.pediment山前侵蚀平原（山足面）52.rockfall山崩53.landslide滑坡54.interception截流55.evapotranspiration蒸发和蒸腾总量,56.capillaryrise毛管上升57.aerationzone包气带58.overlandflow;interflow;baseflow地表径流；壤中流；地下径流59.watertable潜水面（水位）60.basinlength;area流域长度;流域面积61.tributary支流；62.trunkstream干流63.drainagedensity河网密度,64.floodplain泛滥平原65.coniferoustree松树67.inselberg岛状山68.equator赤道69.monsoon季风70.stormhydrograph暴雨水文曲线71.discharge流量72.peakflow洪峰流量,73.rainfallpeak降水峰值74.precipitationintensity降水强度75.landuse土地利用76.water-bornwaste水成废弃物77.heavymetal重金属78.climatology气候学79.urbanheatisland城市热岛80.deciduoustrees落叶树,81.upper;middle;lowerreach上中下游82.verticalerosion下切侵蚀83.headwarderosion溯源侵蚀84.lateralerosion侧蚀85.pot-hole壶穴86.meander曲流87.ox-bowlake牛轭湖88.delta三角洲89.lakebasin湖盆,90.levee天然提91.rillandgullyerosion细沟、冲沟侵蚀92.clay;silt;sand;粘土；粉砂；砂93.suspendedsediment悬浮沉积物94.atmosphericalfallout大气沉降95.laminarflow层流96.turbulentflow紊流97.riffle;pool浅滩；深槽98.channelroughness河道粗糙度,99.sandbar沙坝100.thalweg中泓线101.estuary河口102.lagoon泻湖103.salinity盐度104.coastline海岸线105.dune沙丘106.suspension;saltation;creep悬移；跃移；蠕移,107.duststorm尘暴108.windward;leeward迎风；背风109.prevailingwind盛行风110.deflationhollow风蚀凹地111.aridity干燥度112.tropicofcancer北回归线113.tropicofcapricorn南回归线114.gobi戈壁115.continentality大陆度,116.coldoceancurrent寒流117.plateau高原118.alluvialfan冲积扇119.pediplanation山麓夷平作用120.deflation风蚀121.moraine冰碛122.glacial；interglacial冰期；间冰期123.Recent全新世124.QuaternaryEra第四纪,125.periglacialperiod冰缘期126.nivation冰蚀127.earthorbit地球轨道128.plucking挖蚀129.abrasion磨蚀130.pyramidalpeak角峰131.arete刃脊132.cirque冰斗133.horn角峰,134.U-shapedvalley(trough)U型谷135.fluvioglacialdeposit冰水沉积136.drumlin鼓丘137.terminalmoraine终碛138.outwashplain冰水沉积平原139.kettlehole锅穴140.wavelength波长141.crest；trough波峰；波谷142.waveperiod周期,143.wavefrequency波频144.waveheight波高145.waverefraction波浪折射146.tidalrange潮差147.stack海蚀柱148.arch海蚀拱桥149.headland海岬150.troposphere(pause);strato-;meso-;thermo-对流层（顶）、平流、中间、热成,151.pressure-gradientforce气压梯度力152.isobar等压线153.sub-tropicalanticyclone副热带高压154.cirrus卷云155.cumulus积云156.stratus层云157.cumulonimbus积雨云158.convectionrain对流雨159.thunderstorm雷雨,160.depression低气压161.frontalrain锋面雨162.orographicrain地形雨163.equatorialtrough赤道低压槽164.front锋165.temperatureinversion逆温166.soiltexture土壤质地167.loam壤土168.soilstructure土壤结构,169.soilmoisture土壤水分170.fieldcapacity田间持水量171.cationexchangecapacity阳离子交换量172.podzol灰化土173.brownearth褐土174.sandstone砂岩175.gley潜育土176.azonalsoil非地带性土壤177.soilhorizon土层,178.humification腐殖化作用179.mineralisation矿化作用180.eluviation淋溶作用181.calcification钙化作用182.salinisation盐化作用183.gleying潜育化作用184.illuviation淀积作用185.savanna热带稀树草原（萨王纳）186.salinesoil盐土,187.biogeography生物地理学188.biotic;abioticelement生物;非生物成分189.autotroph;heterotroph自养生物；异养生物190.producer;consumer生产者；消费者191.photosynthesis光合作用192.herbivore食草动物193.carnivore食肉动物194.decomposer分解者,195.trophicpyramid营养金字塔196.foodweb食物网197.primaryproductivity初级生产力198.grossproductivity总生产力productivity净生产力200.continentalshelf大陆架201.succession（prisere）演替202.climaxcommunity顶级群落203.primary(secondary)succession初级和次级演替,1.Magmachamber2.Bedrock3.Conduit(pipe)4.Base5.Sill6.Branchpipe7.Layersofash