XXXX中级财务会计英文版第十五章-财务报表FA15thefin

,FinancialStatements,Chapter15,IntermediateAccounting12thEditionKieso,Weygandt,andWarfield,Explaintheusesandlimitationsofabalancesheet.Prepareaclassifiedbalancesheetusingthereportandaccountformats.Understandtheusesandlimitationsofanincomestatement.Prepareamultiple-stepincomestatement.Understandtheusefulnessofthestatementofcashflows.Identifythemajorclassificationsofcashflows.Prepareastatementofcashflows.,LearningObjectives,BalanceSheet,StatementofCashFlows,UsefulnessClassificationPreparationWorksheet,FinancialStatements,UsefulnessLimitationsClassificationpreparation,IncomeStatement,UsefulnessLimitationsFormspreparation,Introduc-tion,TypeofFinancialStatementsPreparingRequirement,Notes,StatementofchangesinOE,定义格式填列,财务报表是对企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的结构性表述。,IntroductionofFinancialStatements,1、按反应内容分类,动态报表,2、按编报期间分类,汇总报表,个别报表,3、按编报主体分类,月报,季报,半年报,中期报表,静态报表,年度报表,合并报表,TypeofFinancialStatements,RequirementaboutpreparingFinancialStatements,（一）列报基础,持续经营,（三）重要性和项目列报,1、性质或功能不同的项目，一般应单独列报。,2、性质或功能类似的项目，其所属类别具有重要性的，应按其类别列报。,（二）列报的一致性,财务报表中的资产和负债、收入和费用不能相互抵消。下列不属于抵消：,1、资产项目按扣除减值准备后的金额列示,2、非日常活动产生的损益按净额列示,（四）财务报表项目金额间的相互抵消,（五）比较信息的列报,（六）财务报表表首的列报,（七）准则规定单独列报的项目应单独列报。,资产负债表是反映企业某一特定日期财务状况的会计报表。,TheBalanceSheet,Evaluatingthecapitalstructure.Assessriskandfuturecashflows.Analyzethecompanys:Liquidity,Solvency,andFinancialflexibility.,UsefulnessoftheBalanceSheet,Mostassetsandliabilitiesarereportedathistoricalcost.Useofjudgmentsandestimates.Manyitemsoffinancialvalueareomitted.,LimitationsoftheBalanceSheet,ThreeGeneralClassificationsAssetsLiabilities,andStockholdersEquity,ClassificationintheBalanceSheet,Cashandotherassetsacompanyexpectstoconvertintocash,sell,orconsumeeitherinoneyearorintheoperatingcycle,whicheverislonger.,CurrentAssets,Long-TermInvestments,NoncurrentAssets,Property,Plant,andEquipment,Intangibles,OtherAssets,“Obligationsthatacompanyreasonablyexpectstoliquidateeitherthroughtheuseofcurrentassetsorthecreationofothercurrentliabilities.”,CurrentLiabilities,“Obligationsthatacompanydoesnotreasonablyexpecttoliquidatewithinthenormaloperatingcycle.”,Long-TermLiabilities,Companiesusuallydivideequityintothreeparts,(1)CapitalStock,(2)AdditionalPaid-InCapital,and(3)RetainedEarnings.,OwnersEquity,(a)Investmentinpreferredstock,BalanceSheetClassificationExercise,Account,(b)Treasurystock,(c)Commonstock,(d)Cashdividendspayable,(e)Accumulateddepreciation,(f)Interestpayable,(g)Deficit,(h)Tradingsecurities,(i)Unearnedrevenue,(a)Currentasset/Investment,(b)Equity,(c)Equity,(d)Currentliability,(e)Contra-asset,(f)Currentliability,(g)Equity,(h)Currentasset,(i)Currentliability,Classification,Preparationofthebalancesheet,“年初余额”栏：,上年末资产负债表的“期末余额”。,2.根据总账科目期末余额分析计算填列；,“期末余额”栏：,1.根据总账科目期末余额直接填列；,3.根据明细科目期末余额分析计算填列；,4.根据总账科目余额减去其备抵科目余额后的净额填列；,5.根据表内项目计算填列。,Evaluatepastperformance.Predictingfutureperformance.Helpassesstheriskoruncertaintyofachievingfuturecashflows.,IncomeStatement,UsefulnessoftheIncomeStatement,利润表是反映企业在一定会计期间的经营成果的会计报表。,Companiesomititemsthatcannotbemeasuredreliably.Incomeisaffectedbytheaccountingmethodsemployed.Incomemeasurementinvolvesjudgment.,LimitationsoftheIncomeStatement,RevenuesInflowsorotherenhancementsofassetsorsettlementsofitsliabilitiesthatconstitutetheentitysongoingmajororcentraloperations.,SalesFeerevenueInterestrevenueDividendrevenueRentrevenue,ExamplesofRevenueAccounts,ElementsoftheIncomeStatement,ExpensesOutflowsorotherusing-upofassetsorincurrencesofliabilitiesthatconstitutetheentitysongoingmajororcentraloperations.,CostofgoodssoldDepreciationexpenseInterestexpenseRentexpenseSalaryexpense,ExamplesofExpenseAccounts,GainsIncreasesinequity(netassets)fromperipheralorincidentaltransactions.Losses-Decreasesinequity(netassets)fromperipheralorincidentaltransactions.,Gainsandlossescanresultfromsaleofinvestmentsorplantassets,settlementofliabilities,write-offsofassets.,Animportantbusinessindicator.Measuresthedollarsearnedbyeachshareofcommonstock.Mustbedisclosedonthetheincomestatement.,EarningsPerShare=,Netincome-PreferreddividendsWeightedaveragenumberofsharesoutstanding,Single-Step,Thesingle-stepstatementconsistsofjusttwogroupings:,Single-Step,NodistinctionbetweenOperatingandNon-operatingcategories.,Formsoftheincomestatement,Separatesoperatingtransactionsfromnonoperatingtransactions.Matchescostsandexpenseswithrelatedrevenues.Highlightscertainintermediatecomponentsofincomethatanalystsuse.,Multiple-Step,Background,Thepresentationdividesinformationintomajorsections.,1.OperatingSection,2.NonoperatingSection,3.Incometax,4.根据相关规定计算填列。,“上期金额”栏：,上年利润表的“本期金额”。,2.根据有关总账科目的发生额分析计算填列；,“本期金额”栏：,1.根据有关总账科目的本期发生额直接填列；,3.根据表内项目计算填列；,PreparationoftheIncomeStatement,TheStatementofCashFlows,现金流量表是反映企业在一定会计期间现金和和现金等价物流入和流出的会计报表。,Usefulness,Entitysabilitytogeneratefuturecashflows.Entitysabilitytopaydividendsandobligations.Reasonsfordifferencebetweennetincomeandnetcashflowfromoperatingactivities.Cashandnoncashinvestingandfinancingtransactions.,库存现金,银行存款,其他货币资金,现金等价物,现金各项目之间的转换、非现金各项目之间的转换都不会产生现金流量。,注意,highlyliquid,short-terminvestmentsthatcanbeconvertedintocashwithlittledelay.,Cashonhand,Cashinthebank,Theterm“Cash”=Cashandcashequivalents,ClassificationofCashFlows,IncomeStatementItems,OperatingActivities,GenerallyLong-TermAssetItems,InvestingActivities,GenerallyLong-TermLiabilityandEquityItems,FinancingActivities,企业投资和筹资活动以外的所有交易和事项。Operatingactivitiescreaterevenues,expenses,gains,andlosses.,企业长期资产的购建和不包括在现金等价物范围内的投资及处置活动。Investingactivitiesincreaseanddecreaselong-termassets.,导致企业资本及债务规模和构成发生变化的活动。Financingactivitiesobtaincashfrominvestorsandcreditors.,IncomeStatementItems,GenerallyLong-TermAssetItems,GenerallyLong-TermLiabilityandEquityItems,ThreeSourcesofInformation:ComparativebalancesheetsCurrentincomestatementSelectedtransactiondata,StepsinPreparation,ThreeMajorSteps:Step1.Determinechangeincash.Step2.Determinenetcashflowfromoperatingactivities.Step3.Determinenetcashflowsfrominvestingandfinancingactivities.,BalanceSheet,12/31/07,BalanceSheet,12/31/08,Fiscal2008,A=L+OE,A=L+OE,IncomeStatement,StatementofChangesinOE,StatementofCashFlows,Acompanymustdeterminerevenuesandexpensesonacashbasis.Eliminatetheeffectsofincomestatementtransactionsthatdonotresultinanincreaseordecreaseincash.Convertnetincometonetcashflowfromoperatingactivitiesthrougheitheradirectmethodoranindirectmethod.,Step2:DetermineNetCashFlowfromOperatingActivities,IndirectMethod,CommonadjustmentstoNetIncome(Loss):Depreciationandamortizationexpense.Gainorlossondispositionoflong-termassets.Changeincurrentassetsandcurrentliabilities.,Adjustsnetincomeforitemsnotaffectingcash.,KraussCompanysfinancialstatementsfortheyearendedDecember31,2007,containedthefollowingcondensedinformation.,Preparetheoperatingactivitiessectionofthestatementofcashflowsusingtheindirectmethod(Step2).,DirectMethod,“Netcashprovidedbyoperatingactivities”istheequivalentofcashbasisnetincome.,Deductsoperatingcashdisbursementsfromoperatingcashreceipts.,KraussCompanysfinancialstatementsfortheyearendedDecember31,2007,containedthefollowingcondensedinformation.,PreparetheoperatingactivitiessectionofthestatementofcashflowsusingtheDirectmethod(Step2).,DirectVersusIndirectControversy,InFavoroftheDirectMethodShowsoperatingcashreceiptsandpayments.Informationaboutcashreceiptsandpaymentsismorerevealingofacompanysabilitytogeneratesufficientcashfromoperatingactivitiestopayitsdebts,toreinvestinitsoperations,andtomakedistributionstoitsowners.,InFavoroftheIndirectMethodFocusesonthedifferencesbetweennetincomeandnetcashflowfromoperatingactivities.Provideslinkbetweenthestatementofcashflowsandtheincomestatementandbalancesheet.,SpecialRulesApplyingtoIndirectMethodsDiscloseInterestpaid.DiscloseIncometaxespaid.,E23-2(a)Plantassetsthathadcost$20,1006yearsbeforeandwerebeingdepreciatedonastraight-linebasisover10yearswithestimatedscrapvalue$1,000weresoldfor$5,400.,Step3:DetermineNetCashFlowfromInvestingandFinancingActivities,E23-2(b)Duringtheyear,10,000sharesofcommonstockwithastatedvalueof$10asharewereissuedfor$43ashare.,E23-2(d)Thecompanysustainedanetlossfortheyearof$50,000.Depreciationamountedto$22,000,andagainof$9,000wasrealizedonthesaleoflandfor$39,000cash.,E23-2(h)Duringtheyear,treasurystockcosting$47,000waspurchased.,StatementofCashFlows,UseofaWorksheet,Aworksheetinvolvesthefollowingsteps.Step1.Enterthebalancesheetaccountsandtheirbeginningandendingbalancesinthebalancesheetaccountssection.Step2.Enterthedatathatexplainthechangesinthebalancesheetaccountsandtheireffectsonthestatementofcashflowsinthereconcilingcolumnsoftheworksheet.Step3.Entertheincreaseordecreaseincashonthecashlineandatthebottomoftheworksheet.Thisentryshouldenablethetotalsofthereconcilingcolumnstobeinagreement.,所有者权益变动表是反映构成企业所有者权益的各组成部分当期增减变动情况的报表。,1、反映所有者权益各组成部分的增减变动；,2、体现了企业综合收益。,Thisfinancialstatementshowsthedetailofownersequityandexplainsthechangesthatoccurredinthecomponentsofownersequityduringtheyear.,StatementofchangesinOwnersEquity,一、所有者权益变动表的定义,二、所有者权益变动表的格式,1、上年年末余额,2、本年年初金额,3、本年增减变动金额,净利润,直接计入所有者权益的利得和损失,所有者投入和减少资本,（一）表