初中英语语法 一般现在时与一般过去时.docVIP

Group Progress(1) Miss HEs Teaching NotesCategory of the Notebook:1. Language Points2. Textbook Words Collection3. Phrases Collection4. New Words Collection5. Irregular Verbs Past Tense & Past Perfect Tense1. Language Points - Tense (The Simple Present Tense一般现在时)一般现在时表示的是经常发生或随时都在发生的事情或永久的状况。eg. My sister usually has breakfast at eight in the morning. 一般现在时的句子结构1肯定句：主语+be/do(does)/情态动词+其他. e.g. She is a painter. He has some pencils. I can paint very well.2否定句：主语+be/do(does)/情态动词+not+其他.e.g. She is not a painter. He doesnt have any pencils.注意：is not isnt are not arent do not dont does not doesnt cannot cant I cant paint.3一般疑问句：be/do(does)/情态动词+主语+其他？e.g. -Is she a painter?-Yes, she is. (肯定回答) -No, she isnt. (否定回答) + Does she like painting?+Yes, she does. (肯定回答) +No, she doesnt. (否定回答) -Can she paint?- Yes, she can. (肯定回答) - No, she cant. (否定回答) 一般现在时的具体用法1.经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率副词的时间状语连用。频率副词：often/usually/always/once (twice)a day/never/every morning/sometimes/on Sundayse.g. I usuallygoto bed at ten in the evening.我通常是晚上十点睡觉。 His mothertakesthe medicine once a day.他妈妈一天吃一次药。 Sheworks8 hours a day.她每天工作八小时。 Do you oftenwashyour hair?你经常洗头吗？2.表示普遍真理和客观存在的事实。e.g. The earthmovesaround the sun.地球围绕的太阳转。 Itsnowsin winter.冬天下雪。 The sunrisesin the east.太阳从东边升起。 The riveroriginatesin a spring in the mountain.这条河发源于山间的一股泉水。3.表示现在的情况或状态。e.g. Sheknowsseveral languages.她懂多国语言。The little childenjoyspainting.这个小孩子喜欢画画。The soup tastes good.这汤味道很好。She is a law student.她是学法律的。4.在一定情况下，一般现在时可以表示现在时刻发生的动作和存在的状态。e.gHerecomesthe bus!公共汽车来了！Thereringsthe bell.铃响了。Ive just got a letter from Helen. Shesaysshe is coming to France next week.我刚收到海伦的一封信，她说下星期要来法国。 A notice at the end of the roadwarnspeople not to go any further.路尽头有个告示，警告路人不要再往前走。 Shakespearesays, “Neither a borrower nor a lender be.”莎士比亚（在书中）说，“既不要向人借钱，也不要借钱给人。”5.表示按规定、计划或时间表要发生的动作例如：go/come/leave/start/begin/stay/return/arrive/take off等.句子成分中通常都有一个表示未来时间的状语。e.g. The trainleavesin ten minutes time.火车五分钟后离开。 How long do westayhere?我们将要在这里呆多久？ The planetakes offat 10 a.m.飞机早上十点起飞。 Do westartthis afternoon?我们中午就开始吗？ Their teamarriveshere tomorrow afternoon.他们的团队明天下午到达。The Simple Past Tense一般过去时一般过去时主要用来表示发生在过去的动作。eg. Igot up at six yesterday.一般过去时的句子结构1.肯定句：主语+be/did/情态动词+其他 e.g. Hewasin the room yesterday. TheywatchedTV yesterday. The little girl I met yesterdayshouldbe my neighbor.be动词：am/is wasare were助动词: do did情态动词：cancouldwillwouldmaymightmustmustshouldshouldhave tohad todaredaredneedneeded2.否定句：主语+be/did/情态动词+not+其他 e.g. He was not a doctor. She didnt clean her house just now.3.一般疑问句: be/did/情态动词+主语+其他？ e.g. -Were you in the library yesterday? -Yes, I was. (肯定回答) -No, I wasnt. (否定回答) + Did you pass the exam? + Yes, I did. (肯定回答) + No, I didnt. (否定回答)注意：was not-wasntwere not-werent did not-didntcould not-couldnt would not-wouldntshould not-shouldntneed not-needntmust not-mustnt- Could you swim in your childhood? - Yes, I could. (肯定回答) - No, I couldnt. (否定回答)与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday/ yesterday morning/ yesterday afternoon/ yesterday eveninglast night/ last day/ last week/ last month/ last year/ last night/ last Mondaytwo weeks ago/ two minutes ago/ two hours ago/ long agojust now/ in 1990/ once/ the day before yesterday /the other day(几天前)一般过去时的用法1.前一会儿发生的事也要用过去时表示：e.g. She was here a minute ago.她前一分钟还在这儿。Susan came in just now.苏珊刚才来过的。Did the telephone ring?电话铃响了吗？2.表示过去习惯性的动作： e.g. We used to played badminton together.我们经常在一起打羽毛球。 Sometimes we heatedly discussed these problems.有时我们热烈地讨论这些问题。Weekly Sharing