2019版高考英语大二轮复习 第二部分 阅读理解 聚焦题型2课件.ppt

第二部分阅读理解,-2-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,细节理解题细节理解题旨在考查学生对文章中具体细节的辨识能力。提问方式灵活多样,可涉及文章中的各种具体细节,如时间、地点、结果、原因、方式等。大体可分为直接信息题、语义转换题、正误判断题、逻辑排序题等。【设题角度】1.直接信息题(1)Accordingtothepassage,who(what,where,when,why,how).?(2)Mr./Ms.didsth.to.2.语义转换题(1)Accordingtotheauthor,.wascausedby.(2)Thereason.isthat.(3)Accordingtothepassage,.,-3-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,3.正误判断题(1)三正一误Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse/nottrueaccordingtothepassage?Allthestatementsaretrueexcept.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?/Allofthefollowingarementionedexcept?(2)三误一正Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?Allthefollowingstatementsarenottrueexcept.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisrightaccordingtothepassage?,-4-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,4.逻辑排序题(1)Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.(2)Whichorderofthefollowingisright?【选项特征】,-5-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,【典例示范】1.直接信息题答案在原文中可以找到。考生只要读懂文章的大意并简单地理解句子就能得出答案,属于低层次题。此类题型常用when,where,which,who,howmuch/many等疑问词提问。,-6-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2018全国A)Washington,D.C.BicycleTours.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.,-7-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.,-8-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-9-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-10-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,2.语义转换题很多细节理解题答案的得出通常需要考生对选项进行一定的处理,而这种“处理”主要是指进行语意转换,即把原文中有关的语言(单词、词组、一个句子或几个句子)进行转换,来表达相同的意思,可以采用同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法来完成。,-11-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2018全国A)Washington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailabilityandthecherryblossomsdisappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.,-12-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-13-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,3.概括性细节理解题这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话,还可能涉及文章的几句话,而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方,因此要求考生把原文所提供的信息综合起来,而不能“断章取义”,也不能张冠李戴。,-14-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2018全国C).Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).Wangsworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.,-15-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-16-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,4.正误判断题这类试题一般给出意思相近或相反的几个句子,要求考生辨别、判断,或是变换词语、变换句子结构来考查考生对同一种意思的不同表达的判断能力。做此类试题时,要读懂短文内容后再审读题目,把握每个待判断句子的含义,然后再通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的段落与词句,依据文章内容对试题所给出的句子进行正误判断。,-17-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,FoodfestivalsaroundtheworldStiltonCheeseRollingMayDayisatraditionaldayforcelebrations,butthe2,000EnglishvillagersofStiltonmustbetheonlypeopleintheworldwhoincludecheeserollingintheirannualplans.Teamsoffour,dressedinavarietyofstrangeandfunnyclothes,rollapletecheesealonga50-metrecourse.Ontheway,theymustnotkickorthrowtheircheese,orgointotheirpetitorslane(赛道).CompetitionisfierceandthechiefprizeisapleteStiltoncheeseweighingaboutfourkilos(disappointingly,butunderstandablythecheesesusedintheracearewoodenones).Allthepetitorsareservedwithbeerorportwine,thetraditionalacpanimentforStiltoncheese.,-18-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,FieryFoodsFestivalTheHottestFestivalonEarthEveryyearmorethan10,000peopleheadforthecityofAlbuquerque,NewMexico.TheyefromasfarawayasAustralia,theCaribbeanandChina,buttheyallshareamonaddictionfoodthatisnotjustspicy(辛辣),buthotenoughtomakeyourmouthburn,yourheadspinandyoureyeswater.TheirdestinationistheFieryFoodandBBQFestivalwhichisheldoveraperiodofthreedayseveryMarch.Youmightliketotryachocolate-coveredhabaneropepperofficiallythehottestpepperintheworldoranyoneofthethousandsofproductsthatareonshow.Butonethingsforsureifyoudontlikethefeelingofaburningtongue,thisfestivalisntforyou!,-19-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,LaTomatinaTheWorldsBiggestFoodFightOnthelastWednesdayofeveryAugust,theSpanishtownofBunolhostsLaTomatinatheworldslargestfoodfight.Aweek-longcelebrationleadsuptoanexcitingtomatobattleasthehighlightoftheweeksevents.Theearlymorningseesthearrivaloflargetruckswithtomatoesofficialfight-startersgetthingsgoingbycastingtomatoesatthecrowd.Thebattlelastslittlemorethanhalfanhour,inwhichtimearound50,000kilogramsoftomatoeshavebeenthrownatanyoneoranythingthatmoves,runs,orfightsback.Theneveryoneheadsdowntotherivertomakefriendsagainandforamuch-neededwash!,-20-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-21-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-22-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,主旨归纳题主旨归纳题考查对短文整体或某一段落的理解和概括能力。它可以是对文章或段落中心的陈述,也可以是文章标题的选择。【设题角度】1.标题归纳题Thebesttitle/headlineofthepassagemustbe.,-23-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,2.主旨归纳题(1)Themainidea/keypointofthepassageisthat.(2)Fromthepassageweknowthat.(3)Thestorymainlytellsusthat.(4)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellsus?(5)Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith.(6)Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?(7)Whatstheauthorsmainpurpose?,-24-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,【选项特征】,-25-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,【典例示范】1.标题归纳题标题归纳题主要考查对文章主题思想的把握能力和对抽象概括性语言的理解能力。文章的标题高度概括文章的内容,点明文章主题,且短小精悍,言简意赅。它既可以是单词、短语,也可以是简短的句子,甚至可以是疑问词加不定式结构或名词加同位语结构。常具有概括性和醒目性两个特征。做题时要注意利用主题段或主题句来概括标题。但大多数文章的主题句并不明显,这时候需要我们仔细体会字里行间的意思,从整体上把握文章的主要内容。把各个选项和文章的主要内容进行对照,找出意思最接近的选项,即最佳选项。,-26-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2018全国B)GoodMorningBritainsSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestroleshowingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.IntonightsEasterspecialtheyetotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamilyslongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.,-27-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-28-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,2.文章和段落大意题该题型考查考生对整篇文章和每一段落抓要义的概括能力。做题时,应要先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句,若无明显的主题句,就通过关键词句来概括。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时,要务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此外,还要注意一些转折词,如:but,yet,however,although,inspiteof,bycontrast,onthecontrary等。当文章中表示相反的观点时,往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点,排除迷惑性的信息,准确归纳主旨大意。,-29-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2018全国B)Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtomunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.,-30-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.,-31-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasneverfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhade.Today,peoplestilleandgotoseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCityitspresentpopulationis762.,-32-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-33-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-34-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,推理判断题推理判断题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断的能力。此类试题包括推断细节隐含含义、观点态度、写作目的和意图、文章的出处、文中人物的性格态度等。,-35-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,【设题角度】1.Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat.2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?3.Inwhichofthefollowingpublications(出版物)wouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?4.Thepassageimplies,butdoesntdirectlystatethat.5.Thewritersuggeststhat.6.Theauthorprobablyfeelsthat.7.Theauthorusestheexampleof.toshowthat.8.Whatstheauthorsattitudetoward?,-36-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,【选项特征】,-37-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,【典例示范】1.细节推理判断题细节推理判断题属于深层理解题,要求根据语篇内容,推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确理解文章的真正含义,要忠实于原文,千万不能主观臆断,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词:infer(推断),indicate(暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),assume(假定,设想)和conclude(推断,得出结论)。,-38-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2018全国B).InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshesbeenabletoputalotofwhatsheslearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.,-39-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-40-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,2.材料出处或读者对象题此类试题考查考生对文章的体裁和语言特色的把握能力。做此类题目应从文章的内容和结构来判断其出处。如果来源于报纸,前面一般会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称;如果是广告,其格式很容易辨认;产品说明和药品说明也很容易辨认。,-41-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2018全国B)ManyofusloveJulybecauseitsthemonthwhennaturesberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbiasfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthemonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.,-42-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-43-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,3.观点态度题观点态度题主要考查考生是否了解作者或文中人物对某事物所持有的观点或态度。做此类试题必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的观点和态度无非也就是三种:支持、赞同、乐观;反对、批评、怀疑、主观;中立、客观。作者的观点和态度常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达,如,possible,impossible,seem,strange等。这时需要注意的是:一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间,需要通读全文,才能做出正确的判断。,-44-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(1)表示褒义的词语:positive赞成的;supporting支持的;praising赞扬的;optimistic乐观的;admiring羡慕的;enthusiastic热情的等。(2)表示中性的词语:uninterested无兴趣的,不感兴趣的;neutral中立的;impersonal不带个人感情的;subjective主观的;objective客观的等。(3)表示贬义的词语:disgusted感到恶心的,厌恶的;critical批评的;negative否定的,反对的;suspicious怀疑的;tolerant容忍的,忍让的;worried担忧的等。,-45-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2017全国).Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahasecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthepanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.,-46-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-47-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,4.篇章结构题此类试题主要考查考生对整个文章结构的组织能力、对后文内容的预测能力和对文章写作手法、修辞手段的鉴赏能力。做此类试题要把握文章的行文特点:(1)了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲,常见的文章结构有三种:总分式结构(总分;总分总;分总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系,并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)。(2)了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲,常见的议论文结构有以下两类:putforwardaquestionanalyzethequestionsolvethequestion即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程;argument/ideaevidenceconclusion/restatingtheidea即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。,-48-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(3)了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲,在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中,“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法,是历年高考阅读试题中必不可少的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力,以更好地达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。通常的写作手法有:顺序排列法。一是时间顺序法(timeorder)。时间顺序法通常用于叙述和分析的过程先发生什么,然后怎样,最后怎样。二是空间顺序法(spaceorder)。空间顺序法通常可以让读者了解要描绘的场面,例如,从左到右、从前到后或按顺时针方向等。,-49-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,举例法。它也是拓展主题的主要方法。举例法有两种形式,一种是首先陈述自己的观点,然后举出一个或多个例子阐明观点;另一种是先举一个例子,然后转入例子所要阐明的观点。作者常使用forexample,forinstance,acaseinpoint等短语引出例子。比较与对比法。有时为了说明某一事物,需要与其他事物联系起来才能阐述清楚,这就是比较或对比(contrastorparison)。下定义法。下定义是一种用简洁明确的语言对事物的本质特征做概括说明的方法。因果法。使用因果法(causeandeffect)的写作段落通常回答“why”的问题。,-50-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,Theproductionofcoffeebeansisahuge,profitablebusiness,but,unfortunately,full-sunproductionistakingovertheindustryandbringingaboutalotofdamage.Thechangeinhowcoffeeisgrownfromshade-grownproductiontofull-sunproductionendangerstheveryexistenceof,certainanimalsandbirds,andevendisturbstheworldsecologicalbalance.Onalocallevel,thedamageoftheforestrequiredbyfull-sunfieldsaffectstheareasbirdsandanimals.Theshadeoftheforesttreesprovidesahomeforbirdsandotherspecies(物种)thatdependonthetreesflowersandfruits.Full-suncoffeegrowersdestroythisforesthome.Asaresult,manyspeciesarequicklydyingout.,-51-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,Onamoregloballevel,thedestructionoftherainforestforfull-suncoffeefieldsalsothreatens(威胁)humanlife.Medicalresearchoftenmakesuseoftheforestsplantandanimallife,andthedestructionofsuchspeciescouldpreventresearchersfromfindingcuresforcertaindiseases.Inaddition,newcoffee-growingtechniquesarepoisoningthewaterlocally,andeventuallytheworldsgroundwater.Bothlocallyandglobally,thecontinuedspreadoffull-suncoffeeplantations(种植园)couldmeanthedestructionoftherainforestecology.Thelossofshadetreesisalreadycausingaslightchangeintheworldsclimate,andstudiesshowthatlossofoxygen-givingtreesalsoleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.Moreover,thenewgrowingtechniquesarecontributingtoacidic(酸性的)soilconditions.,-52-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,Itisobviousthatthewaymuchcoffeeisgrownaffectsmanyaspectsoflife,fromthelocalenvironmenttotheglobalecology.Butconsumersdohaveachoice.Theycanpurchaseshade-growncoffeewheneverpossible,althoughatahighercost.Thefuturehealthoftheplanetandmankindissurelyworthmorethananinexpensivecupofcoffee.,-53-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-54-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,5.写作意图题写作意图题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但要能理解文章的大意,还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。做此类试题必须要先了解文章的主题,然后分析作者的写作手法、论述的重点和材料的安排。,-55-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2018全国B)GoodMorningBritainsSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestroleshowingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshesbeenabletoputalotofwhatsheslearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.,-56-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,”sheexplains.“Ipay5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswerenotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITVsSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.,-57-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-58-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,6.人、物特点题此类试题考查考生对文中出现的人和事件恰当进行概括性评述的能力。做这类试题时要注意准确把握字里行间的意思,特别要注意表达感情色彩、主观态度和个人观点的词语对推断人或物特点的主导作用。,-59-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2017全国B)IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.WhenthestudiodidntwantmeforthefilmitwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaulhestoodupforme.Idontknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.,-60-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachotherbutalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.,-61-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-62-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,词义、句义猜测题词义和句义猜测题考查考生根据上下文中的已知信息对单词、词组或句子的具体语义和代词、名词的指代问题进行合理推测的能力。涉及的词语有四类:熟词生义、生僻单词、词组短语和代词。,-63-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,【设题角度】1.Theunderlinedwords“.”inParagraph.mean“”.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them/it.”inthelastparagraphreferto?3.Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphimpliesthat.4.Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“.”inthe.paragraph?5.Theunderlinedphrase“.”(Paragraph.)mostprobablymeans.6.Bysaying“.”(Paragraph.),.meansthat.,-64-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,【选项特征】,-65-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,【典例示范】1.词义猜测题此类试题主要考查在特定语境中对生词或熟词生义的猜测能力。做此类试题通常采用同义解释法、因果推断法、前后对比法、定义释例法、基本构词法和语境理解法。总之,对于任何词汇的猜测都要基于对特定的语境理解和对主题的恰当把握。(2018全国B)Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildrensparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreameoutbelow.,-66-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-67-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,2.句义猜测题句义猜测题通常考查的是考生对一个具有概括性的句子、谚语、格言警句或是人物的原话等的理解,考生要通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意,只有紧密结合语境,才能既理解其字面意思,也能理解其深层含义。(2018全国D)Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.,-68-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-69-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-70-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,3.猜测指代题代词通常指代上文已提到的内容。代词指代要注意在数、格、逻辑、意义和位置等方面与之接近的名词或句子。就位置而言,代词所指代的词句通常在本句或其上句中。只有把握代词指代所在段落或前面段落的整体意思,问题才能解决。(2017全国)Wesharedthebeliefthatifyourefortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingbackhewithhisNewmansOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidntseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.,-71-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-72-,要想顺利解答高考英语阅读理解,考生必须具备高中英语新课程标准规定要达到的词汇量和固定短语量,熟悉语法结构,拓宽知识面,熟悉各种题材和体裁的文章,提高阅读速度,提高通过阅读获取信息的能力。此外,在复习中,还应该注意以下几点:,-73-,一、速读全文,了解大意知主题阅读的目的是获取信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。高考要求的阅读速度大约是每分钟60个词。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词(keywords)、主题句(topicsentence),捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质,掌握文章大意。阅读时读者没有必要研读全文,速读的诀窍在于浏览文章的内容提要、前言、标题、副标题、插图、表格、开头和结尾等部分,这样就可以把握文章大意了。许多文章在第一