高考英语二轮复习第二部分基础语法巧学巧练专题十三构词法词类转换课件.ppt

专题十三构词法(词类转换),怎么考词语的派生是语法填空题的必考点之一，考查考生在理解上下语境的基础上，由所给词派生出其他词来。通常涉及形容词与副词之间的转换；动词(或名词)加后缀变成形容词的转换；动词加后缀变成名词的转换；形容词加后缀变成名词的转换；动词加后缀变成“人”的名词转换；加否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀的转换等。,怎么学在平时的学习中，注意积累常用后缀及前缀的用法，同时积累常用词的转化。怎么解首先要分析句子结构，看空格处要填的词在句子中充当什么成分；然后回顾思考充当这一成分需要哪类词，再看括号中所给词是什么词类，应如何将其转换成所需词类。,.体验考向单句语法填空1.(2015全国卷)Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysit_(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.2.(2015全国卷)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir_(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.,3.(2014全国卷)Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand_(disappoint).4.(2014广东卷)Shewas_(surprise)helpful.5.(2014全国卷)Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone，andthecrowdofstrangers_(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.,答案1.regularly定期为人们安排到这儿的旅行。此处应该使用副词regularly作状语修饰动词arrange。2.ability考查词性。空前面是形容词性物主代词their，其后面需要用名词。3.disappointeddisappointed和前面的anxious并列，形容等车人的心情。4.surprisingly考查副词。修饰形容词helpful，用副词。5.suddenly此处需要副词修饰动词became。,.考点集训集训用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2014福建卷)Iwasabouttogiveupwhenmyfathercameand_(encouragement)metokeepgoing.2.(2013广东卷)“Thatwouldbeavery_(reason)thingtodoinabigcity，butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours，”Nicksaid.3.(2013广东卷)Butsuchasmallthingcouldnt_(possible)destroyavillage.,4.(2013福建卷)Parents_(arrangement)everythingfortheirchildrenandsparenoefforttopavethewayfortheirsuccess.5.(2012广东卷)Maryfelt_(please)，becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.6.IhaventseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl，andshehaschangedbeyond_(recognize).,7.Thebossshowedhis_(appreciate)ofTomshardworkinthecompanybyraisinghispayto$5，000amonth.8.Youcan_(large)yourvocabularyifyoukeeponmemorizingsomenewwordseveryday.答案1.encouraged2.reasonable3.possibly4.arrange5.pleased6.recognition7.appreciation8.enlarge,集训根据所给提示词，完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，在语境中体会构词法。Fromthe_1_(express)onMarysface，heknewheleftabad_2_(impress)onherandifshewonthe_3_(elect)tobecomechairmanoftheEnvironment_4_(organize)，hecouldnotgether_5_(permit)tojoinitalthoughhewaswillingtodohisbittoridtheworldof_6_(pollute)andtohelppeopleenjoyabetterearth.Whenhewaswonderinghowtochangethisembarrassingsituation，hegot_7_(inspire)fromhiswifes,words.Yes，heshouldtryhisbesttowintheelectionandbecomechairmanhimselfwithhis_8_(determine)toworkfortheorganization.“Mydear，youarereallyawonderful_9_(help)！ImsureIwillbethe_10_(win)oftheelection.”Hesaidtohiswifeexcitedly.答案1.expression2.impression3.election4.Organization5.permission6.pollution7.inspiration8.determination9.helper10.winner,知识胸有成竹,一、常考前缀1.表示否定或相反意义的前缀dis-，mis-，un-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，non-，anti-：disagree，misunderstand，unwilling，illegal，impossible，nonstop2.形容词变动词的前缀en-：ableenable；largeenlarge，richenrich3.其他inter-相互，over-超过；re-重新，ex-以前的，super-超，vice-副：interaction，overweight，reuse，ex-husband，supernatural，vice-chairman,二、常考后缀1.形容词ly变成副词：realreally，angryangrily，possiblepossibly。2.动词或名词变成形容词的后缀-able，-ful，-ous，-y，-al，-ible，-ive，-ary：naturenatural，useuseful，continuecontinuous，healthhealthy。3.动词变名词的后缀-al，-ance，-ence，-tion，-ssion，-ment，-ture，-y：arrivearrival，appearappearance，existexistence，inviteinvitation。,4.形容词变名词的后缀-cy，-dom，-ence，-th，-age，-ty，-ity：fluentfluence，wisewisdom，silentsilence，growgrowth，safesafety。5.表示人的后缀-er，-or，-ist，-ee，-ess，-ese，-an，-ian，-ant：teacher，inventor，artist，employee，Chinese，American，musician，servant。6.表示否定的后缀-less：hopeless，endless，fearless，careless，treeless，meaningless。7.形容词变动词的后缀-en，-fy：broadbroaden，classclassify。8.名词变动词的后缀-ize：apologyapologize。,三、转化法1.名词动词：backn.背vt.支持，seatn.座容纳2.动词名词：walktakeawalk，surveymakeasurvey3.形容词动词：slowadj.慢的v.减慢四、合成法1.名词名词名词：classroom，teamwork，newspaper2.形容词名词名词：blackboard，highway,3.副词名词名词：overcoat，underground，outbreak4.副词动词动词：update，overlook5.名词动词动词：sun-bathe，proof-read6.名词分词形容词：man-made，hand-made，peace-keeping7.形容词分词形容词：good-looking,集训奔向高考阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Whenyoudecideyouregoingtolivealone，yougetupset.Thisis_1_(nature).Buttheresnoneedtoget_2_(worry).Belowaresomeideas_3_canhelpyouout.Savingmoneyis_4_youneedtostartseveralmonthsbeforeyoumoveout.Youneedtosaveenoughmoney_5_(help)yousurviveforatleastamonthinthenewplace.The_6_(easy)ofallwaysistospendless!,Searchforaplacetoliveinbefore_7_(move)out.Makesurethattheplaceyouchooseisinagoodlocation.Besides，youcanafford_8_.Ifyouregoingtostayinanexpensivecity，findaroommatesothatyoucansharetheexpenses.Andifyouhavetolive_9_yourownforalongtime，youllhavetolookforapart-timejob.Ifyoure_10_student，youcanworkinrestaurants，theaters，etc.Anddontspendalotofmoneyinawastefulway！Tryandsaveeverypennyofwhatyouearn.,答案1.natural考查形容词。句意：当你决定单独生活时，你变得沮丧，这是自然的。分析句子成分可知，空处作表语，故此处需要用nature的形容词形式。2.worried考查形容词。getworried“担心，担忧”。3.that考查定语从句。句意：下面是一些帮助你摆脱困境的方法。因为先行词前有不定代词some修饰，所以此处用that引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语代替先行词ideas。,4.what考查表语从句。句意：在你搬出去的几个月之前，你就需要开始存钱。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语。5.to