2019高考英语重难增分篇第二讲非谓语动词课件新人教版.ppt

第二讲非谓语动词第一课时知识过关课,复习非谓语动词还需掌握以下几点：1句法作用(除谓语外的其他成分),2.时态和语态(以do为例),时态与语态的判断方法：,3非谓语动词的逻辑主语,4.有特殊要求的动词或动词短语,(1)有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。如ask，demand(要求)，plan，intend，mean(计划)，manage，do/tryonesbest，makeanattempt，learn(学习)，wish，hope，desire，expect，long，want，wouldlike，shouldlike，wouldprefer(希望、愿意)，agree，promise(同意)，decide，determine，choose，makeadecision，makeuponesmind(决定)，offer(主动提出)，apply(申请)，help(帮助)，fail(不能、没有)，prepare(准备)，pretend(假装)，refuse(拒绝)，happen(碰巧)，afford(负担得起)等。,(2)有的动词或动词短语后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。如allow，permit(允许)，consider(考虑)，suggest，advise(建议)，keep(on)(反复；不停)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，practise(练习)，understand(明白)，appreciate，enjoy(喜欢)，miss(错过；怀念)，prevent(阻止)，forbid(禁止)，escape(避免)，include(包括)，forgive，pardon，excuse(原谅)，dislike(厌恶)，discuss(讨论)，report(报道)，admit(承认)，mind(介意)，risk(冒险)，cantstand(不能忍受)，burstout(突然开始)，feellike(想要)，insiston(坚持)，delay(推迟，延误)，putoff(推迟)，giveup(放弃)，bebusy(忙于)，beworth(值得)等。,(3)下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同：remembertodo(记住去做)，rememberdoing(记得做过)；forgettodo(忘记去做)，forgetdoing(忘记做过)；regrettodo(遗憾地做)，regretdoing(后悔做了)；trytodo(设法做)，trydoing(试做)；goontodo(接着做另一事)，goondoing(继续做同一事)；meantodo(打算做)，meandoing(意味着)；stoptodo(停下来去做)，stopdoing(停止做)；canthelptodo(不能帮助做)，canthelpdoing(情不自禁做)。,(4)在介词后一般用动名词，下面是一些含介词的固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略)：prevent/stop/keep.fromdoing(阻止做)；spend/wastetimeormoneyindoing(在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱)；How/Whataboutdoingsth(做怎么样？)；havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing(在做方面有些困难)；haveahardtimeindoingsth(做某事很艰难)；thereisnosenseindoing(做是没有理由/道理的)；thank/excuse/admire/praise/blame/scold/punishsbfordoingsth(因做某事而感谢/原谅/羡慕/表扬/责备/责骂/惩罚某人)等。,(5)to是介词的固定词组很多，常见的有：lookforwardto(盼望)，devote.to/bedevotedto(致力于)，be/getusedto(习惯)，leadto(导致)，getdownto(开始认真)，payattentionto(注意)，referto(谈到)，pointto(指向)，turnto(转向)，objectto(反对)，beequalto(等于，能胜任)，belongto(属于)等。(6)在表示“需要”的need，want，require等后用v.-ing的主动式表示被动含义，此时也可用不定式的被动式。,(7)在make，let，have(使，让)等使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省略不定式符号to，但在被动语态后作主补时要加上to。在hear，see，watch等感官动词后，作宾补时，用原形表示动作全过程；用现在分词表示当时动作正在发生；若是被动语态，原形前要加上to。此外，表示情感的动词，其分词作形容词用时，v.-ing表示“令人的”事物；v.-ed表示“感到的”。如：surprising令人吃惊的(事物)；surprised(人)感到吃惊的。,读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，留意领悟黑体画线的非谓语动词。思考：是哪类非谓语动词，在句中作什么成分。Goodafternoon，Ladiesandgentlemen.Itisagreathonorformetointroduce1thisEnglishspeechcontest.Asweallknow，tomaster2aforeignlanguageisveryimportantforus.Takingpart3inEnglishspeechisahelpfulwaytolearnEnglish4Everyonewantstoshow5theirbest.Whenwehavebeenpreparingforit，wecanimproveourlisteningandspeaking6ability，developing7agoodhabitoflearningEnglish8,Intheprocessofthepetition，youshouldpayattentiontotherulesmadebyus9First，youshouldmakeyourvoiceheard10clearlybyeveryone，soreadingaloud11isverynecessary.Second，youshouldtryyourbesttoexpress12yourselfinEnglishfluently.Finally，youshouldfinishyourspeechinfiveminutes.IamsuretheEnglishspeechpetitionwillbeagreatsuccessandtheaudiencewillfeelsatisfied13withourperformance.Thankyou!,1tointroducethisEnglishspeechcontest是不定式作真正的主语，it是形式主语。2tomasteraforeignlanguage也是不定式作主语。3TakingpartinEnglishspeech是动名词短语作主语。4tolearnEnglish是不定式作定语，修饰way。5toshowtheirbest是不定式作宾语，在want，hope，decide等动词后，若用动词作宾语，只能用不定式。6listeningandspeaking是动名词作定语，修饰ability，表示类别。,7developingagoodhabitoflearningEnglish是现在分词短语作状语。8learningEnglish是动名词短语作介词of的宾语。9madebyus是过去分词短语作后置定语。10heardclearlybyeveryone是过去分词短语作宾补。11readingaloud是动名词短语作主语。12toexpressyourselfinEnglishfluently是不定式作目的状语。13satisfied是过去分词作形容词，在句中作表语，意为“感到满意的”。,.单句填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空)1Marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday，_(wear)sunglasses.2Inoticedaman_(sit)atthefront.3Hespatitout，_(say)itwasawful.4Shewishedthathewasaseasy_(please)ashermother，whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.5Forexample，theproverb，“pluckingupacrop_(help)itgrow”，isbasedonthefollowingstory.,wearing,sitting,saying,toplease,tohelp,6Simonmadeabigbamboobox_(keep)thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.7Hisfirstbook_(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.8Lydiadoesntfeellike_(study)abroad.Herparentsareold.9Sarahpretendedtobecheerful，_(say)nothingabouttheargument.10Ihadgreatdifficulty_(find)thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.11Itrainedheavilyinthesouth，_(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.12Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand_(weigh)lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.,tokeep,tobepublished,studying,saying,finding,causing,weighing,13Icantstand_(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.14Asaresultoftheseriousflood，twothirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed_(repair)15Isntittimeyougotdownto_(mark)thepapers?16Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.17TsinghuaUniversity，_(found)in1911，ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.,working,tostop,repairing/toberepaired,marking,setting,founded,18LiJianputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself_(remind)ofhisowndreams.19_(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie，Andyhadgotachancetobeefamous.20Clairehadherluggage_(check)anhourbeforeherplaneleft.21Alexandertriedtogethiswork_(recognize)inthemedicalcircles.22Agreatnumberofstudents_(question)saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.,reminded,Offered,checked,recognized,questioned,.单句改错(下列每句中最多有两处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。),动词不定式,1Hemanagedescapefromthefire._2Nothingwillmakemetochangemymind._3Marydoesnthavetobemadelearnbecauseshealwaysworkshard._4Hehurriedtothetrainstation，onlyfindthetrainhadgone._5Tiredfromwork，hewantstodonothingbuttowatchTV._6Atpresent，Ihavenochoicebutwait._,在manage后加to,去掉to,在bemade后加to,在find前加to,去掉watch前的to,在but后加to,7Youfeelstressedout.Whynothavingachatwithourteachers？_8Idontthinkitpossibletomasteringaforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork._9Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore，soIknowwhatexpectinmynewjob._10Allofyoucanhaveanothertryifyouwant._,havinghave,masteringmaster,在expect前加to,在want后加to,11Inourcity，therearealotofrestaurantsthatservingwesternfood._12Youcantimaginehowexciteditistolistentotopscientistssharetheirpredictiononwhattheworldwillbelikeinacentury._13Sitbesideme，mybeloveddaughtergavemeavividdescriptionofwhatsheexperiencedinherdream._14Wewerekepttowaitingforquitealongtimebeforethehostturnedup._15OntheDragonBoatFestival，wesawtheseashorecrowdedwithpeoplewatchedthedragonboatrace._,动词-ing形式,去掉that/servingserve,excitedexciting,SitSitting,去掉waiting前的to,watchedwatching,16Itisnogoodcopytheanswerwithouttryingtounderstandit._17Missingthetrainmeanwaitingforanotherhour._18Themajorityofthepeoplequestionedinanonlinesurveyareopposedtoincreaseretirementage._19Asasenior3studentpreparingfortheingtest，hespendsmostofhistimeimprovethisproblemsolvingability._20Itisreportedthatthehurricanecausedgreatdamagetotheconstructionsofthetown，withtensofhundredsofhousesdestroyedbythefallentrees._,copycopying,meanmeans,increaseincreasing,improveimproving,fallenfalling,21NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufindWalesincludingaswell._22Exhausting，Islidintobedandfellfastasleep._23Thepaintingsbeingstolenfromthemuseumhaventbeenfound._24Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstyingbehind._25Mr.Smith，tiredoftheboredspeech，startedtoreadanovel._26Seeingfromthespace，theearthlooksblue._,动词-ed形式,includingincluded,ExhaustingExhausted,去掉stolen前的being,tyingtied,boredboring,SeeingSeen,27Thearchitectsinvitingbythekingthoughthighlyofthebridgebuilt，andgavemoresuggestionsbeforeitwasfinished._28Keepinrefrigerator，thesevegetableswillremainfresh._29Doyouthinktheworkerscangetthejobfinishingontime？_30Wehearitsayfrequentlythatwhatnowpeoplemostdesireissecurity._,invitinginvited；在built前加being,KeepKept,finishingfinished,saysaid,.语篇填空(用所给动词的正确形式填空)1_(fall)inlovewithabeautifullady，alionwenttoherparentsandaskedthem2._(marry)hertohim.Theoldparentsdidnotknowwhattosay.Not3._(hope)togivetheirdaughtertothelion，theydidnotwant4._(anger)thekingofbeasts.Atlastthefathersaid，“Weareglad5._(marry)ourdaughtertoyou，butwefearthatyoumightpossiblyhurther.So6._(remove)yourclawsandteeth，youcanmarryher.”,7_(love)theladyverymuch，theliontrimmed(修剪)hisclawsandtookouthisbigteeth.8._(e)totheparentsagain，hewassimplylaughedinhisface.9._(beat)outofthehouse，thelionfelt10._(depress)anddiedsoon.,【语篇导读】这是一则有深刻意义的寓言故事。寓意：有些人轻易相信别人的话，抛弃自己的长处，结果轻而易举地被原来害怕自己的人击败了。1Fallingalion与fall是主动关系，用v.ing形式作状语，表示原因。2tomarryasksbtodosth，不定式作宾补。3hopingthey与hope是主动关系，用v.ing形式作状语，表示让步，相当于Althoughtheydidnthopeto.4toangerwant后只能用不定式作宾语，意为“不想激怒百兽之王”。5tomarry在作表语的形容词glad后作状语，表示原因，只能用不定式。,6removingyou与remove是主动关系，用v.ing形式作状语，表示条件，相当于ifyouremove.。7Lovingthelion与love是主动关系，用v.ing形式作状语，表示原因。8Cominghe与e是主动关系，用v.ing形式作伴随状语。9Beatenthelion与beat是被动关系，用v.ed形式作状语，表示原因。10depressed表示狮子“感到沮丧的”，用v.ed形式作表语。,第二课时高考研究课,非谓语动词在语法填空中的考查点,规律方法,“4步法”轻松搞定语法填空第一步：利用“有无连词”原则确定是谓语还是非谓语分析句子结构，判断出句子的主干主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语，则要用谓语动词；如果题线处不作谓语，则要用非谓语动词。第二步：根据句意和作用确定句子成分根据句意和题线处在句子中的位置和作用，确定其所充当的句子成分，从而确定空格内所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。,第三步：根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系，则用v.-ing形式或不定式的主动式；若为动宾关系，则用v.-ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或不定式的完成式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式或v.-ing形式的一般式。,1Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，_(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2017全国卷)2Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired_(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(2017全国卷),layinglaying和句中的diggingup,building并列，作include的宾语。,真题验证1,toprocessrequiresbtodosth要求某人做某事。,3Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by_(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017全国卷)4Butunlikeherschoolfriends，16yearoldSarahisnotspendinghalfterm_(rest)Instead,sheisearning6，500adayasamodelinNewYork.(2017全国卷),eatingby在此处表示“通过”，是介词，后接动词ing形式作宾语。,restingspendtime(in)doing花费时间做某事，为固定句型。,5ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants_(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017全国卷)6Sixteenyearsearlier,Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring_(cook)ameal.(2017浙江卷),toprove根据句子结构可知，此处应该使用不定式作动词want的宾语。,tocook根据句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词remove，故此处用不定式作目的状语。,7Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude_(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.(2016全国卷)8Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,youllbelesslikely_(bring)yourworkhome.(2016全国卷),introducing动名词introducing作include的宾语。,tobringbelikelytodo.有可能做，为固定句型。,9Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout_(use)electricequipment.(2015全国卷)10Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough_(cool)thehouseduringthehotday.(2015全国卷),using介词后常常用动名词形式作宾语。,tocoolbeadj.enoughtodo足够可以做，为固定句型。,11Abercrombie&Kent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015全国卷)12Yangshuoisreallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015全国卷),livinglive和people之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。,conductedconduct与其所修饰的名称study构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。,非谓语动词在短文改错中的考查点,1正确分析句子结构。如果句中已有谓语动词，那么另外一个动词在无连词的情况下要改为非谓语动词。2根据非谓语动词在句中所作成分、句式的特殊要求，判断非谓语动词的形式。3确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系。4牢记一些常用搭配。5介词后常常使用动名词作宾语。,规律方法,1IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.(2016全国卷)_2Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundhisparentsweremissing.(2015全国卷)_3Wevebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.(2015四川卷)_,真题验证2,wearwearing介词后应使用动名词作宾语。,lookslooking介词后应使用动名词作宾语。,singsingingspendtime(in)doing.为固定句型。,4Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview.(2015浙江卷)_5Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.(陕西卷)_6Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,whichmightnotbeserveduntil8oclockatnight.(全国卷)_,sitsittingenjoy后常常接动名词作宾语。,havehaving句中谓语动词为sat，且句中无连词，故have应该改为现在分词短语作伴随状语。,HaveHaving谓语动词为provides，根据句子结构可知，其前应该为主语，故用动名词having作主语。,第三课时写作增分课,非谓语动词在写作中的增分点一、用不定式或动名词作主语写句子,1如果你想上一个好的大学，学好英语是一件必须做的事情。(beadmittedtoakeycollege,learnEnglishwell,amust),_,(也可用Tolearn。用Learning时句子表达的是一般常识；用Tolearn,you指的是具体的一个人),LearningEnglishwellisamustifyouwanttobeadmittedtoakeycollege.,2经常锻炼身体不仅对我们的健康有好处，还可以使我们学习更高效。(takeexerciseregularly,doalotofgoodto,learnmoreeffectively),3现在辍学不是个好主意，你以后会后悔的。(dropoutofschool,regret),_,_,Takingexerciseregularlywilldoalotofgoodtoourhealth,whichcanalsohelpuslearn,moreeffectively.,_,Todropoutofschoolnowisnotagoodidea,forwhichyouwillregretinthefuture.,二、用非谓语动词作表语写句子1我的爱好是听音乐和踢足球。(hobby),2我的职责是照看所有这些花。(duty,takecareof),_,3我的梦想是上重点大学。(dream,gotoakeycollege),_,_,Myhobbiesarelisteningtomusicandplayingfootball.,Mydutyistakingcareofalltheseflowers.,Mydreamistogotoakeycollege.,三、用不定式作宾语、动名词作宾语写句子1我下决心尽我最大努力来赶上别人。(determine,doonesbest,catchupwithothers),2由于下雨，我没能按时到达那里。(becauseof,fail),_,_,3我向我们的老师求助，他建议我每天练习说英语。(turntosomebodyforhelp,suggest,practice,speakEnglish),_,Ideterminedtotrymybesttocatchupwithothers.,Becauseoftherain,Ifailedtogetthereontime.,Iturnedtoourteacherforhelp,andhesuggestedpracticingspeakingEnglisheveryday.,4为什么不试着坐火车去旅行呢？坐火车既舒适又安全。(whynot,trydoing,fortableandsafe)_5我想集中注意力学习，但我整天总是情不自禁地想起这个事。(concentrateon,canthelp,keeponthinkingaboutit)_6除去向你求助，我别无选择。(havenochoice,but,turnto)_,Whynottrytravellingonatrain?Itsfortableandsafe.,Itrytoconcentrateonmystudies,butIcanthelpkeepingonthinkingaboutitallday.,Ihavenochoicebuttoturntoyouforhelp./Ihavenothingtodobutturntoyouforhelp.,7我盼望快点收到你的来信。(lookforwardto,hearfrom)_,8当谈到学英语，每个人都有自己的方法。(whenitesto,method)_,Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.,WhenitestolearningEnglish,everyonehashisownmethod.,四、用非谓语动词作定语写句子1解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己。(thebestway,solvetheproblem,dependon),_2有许多人认为学生在学校不应带手机。(therebe,take.withthematschool)_3仍有许多问题有待解决。(therebe,remaintobedone)_,Thebestwaytosolvetheproblemistodependonyourself.,Therearemanypeoplethinkingthatstudentsshouldnttakecellphoneswiththematschool.,Therearemanyproblemsremainingtobesolved.,4我写信申请昨天中国日报上所登广告的那个职位。(applyfortheposition,advertise)_5三分之二被采访的学生说他们赞成这个主意。(twothirds,interview,infavorof)_,IamwritingtoapplyforthepositionadvertisedinyesterdaysChinaDaily.,Twothirdsofthestudentsinterviewedsaytheyareinfavoroftheidea.,五、使用非谓语动词作状语，轻松写高级句式1因此，他这次考试考得非常好，在班级排第一名。(asaresult,rankfirst)_2我相信，你要赶上别人，不会有什么困难。(havetrouble,catchupwith)_3每节课你都应当认真听讲，尽力不要错过任何要点。(listenwithfullattention,tryto,missanypoint)_,Asaresult,hedidverywellintheexam,rankingfirstinhisclass.,Iamsureyouwillhavenotroublecatchingupwithothers.,Ineverylesson,youshouldlistenwithfullattention,tryingnottomissanypoint.,4我每天夜里睡得都很晚，在为即将到来的考试做准备。(stayuplate,makepreparationsfor,theingexams)_5再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。(givemeanotherchance)_6面对这样一个问题，我不知道该怎么办。(facing/facedwith,ataloss)_,Istayeduplateeverynight,makingpreparationsfortheingexams.,Givenanotherchance,Icandobetter./Givemeanotherchance,andIcandobetter.,Facedwith/Facingsuchaproblem,Iamatalosswhattodo.,六、使用非谓语动词作宾语补足语写句子1在你离开的时候，不要让(自来)水流着。(leavethewaterrunning)_2我将派人去机场接你。(havesomeonedosomething,pickup)_3我们要求采取更多的措施来阻止这样的事情再次发生。(askmoreto,prevent.from)_,Dontleavethewaterrunningwhenyouleave.,Iwillhavesomeonepickyouupattheairport.,Weaskmoretobedonetop