操作系统概念(英文)-0-courseintrodu.ppt

操作系统及其Linux技术实践,叶文北京邮电大学计算机科学与技术学院2008年9月，北京,IBM精品课程,OperatingSystemConceptsApplicationofLinuxinCourseTeachingandProfessionalPractice,YEWen,ComputerSchoolBeijingUniversityofPostsandTelecommunications,SyllabusforOperatingSystemsChinaComputingCurricula2005(CCC2005)BodyofKnowledgeinComputerScienceKnowledgeUnitesinOperatingSystemsAreasContentsofClassTeachingWhyLinuxasCaseStudiesSomeissuestobeemphasized,COURSEINTRODUCTION,PART1SyllabusforOperatingSystems,Thesyllabusisaboutbasicinformationofthiscourse,suchascourseoverviews,lecturemeetings,faculty,textbookandreferences,courseobjectsandcurricula,assignmentsandprojects,gradingpolicy,andclasspolicies,etc.formoredetails,seethefileSyllabusforOperatingSystems.docattachedOperatingSystemisanessentialpartofoperatingsystem(OS)knowledgeareaspecifiedinChinaComputingCurricula2005andComputingCurricula2004byACMandIEEE/CS,SyllabusforOperatingSystems(cont.),InBeijingUniversityofPostsandTelecommunications,OperatingSystemsisarequiredcourseforabout450juniorsmajoringincomputerscienceandtechnologyaccordingtothecultivationplans.ThiscourseistaughtinChineseandEnglish,andtheEnglishtextbookusedisOPERATINGSYSTEMCONCEPTS(FourthEdition),writtenbyAbrahamSilberschatz,etc.,CourseContentsTheteachingofOperatingSystemincludesthreeparts,i.e.,In-classteachingofOperatingSystem(64teachinghours)Basicafter-classexperimentsonLinux(17teachinghours)ProfessionalpracticeinLinux(about10days,30teachinghours),i.e.CourseDesignIBM精品课程操作系统课程教学中的Linux技术实践,SyllabusforOperatingSystems(cont.),Withrespecttoin-classteaching,Linuxistakenasacasestudy,itsprinciplesandkeytechnologiesareincorporatedintotheteachingcontents,suchasOSarchitecturesprocessmanagement,memorymanagement,devicemanagement,andfilesystems,etc.Inparallelwithcourselearning,eachstudentisdirectedtomakeseveralbasicafter-classexperimentsonLinuxindependently,togetthestudentstohaveabettergraspoftheirknowledgeaboutOSlearnedintheclassesandbecomeskilledatoperatingpracticaloperatinglikeLinux,SyllabusforOperatingSystems(cont.),AstheseamlesspartofcomputerdisciplinespecifiedinChinaComputerCurriculum2005,theprofessionalpracticeofOperatingsystemscourseisconductedduringtheSummershortterm(attheendofthesecondsemester)onthebasisofoperatingsystemprinciplesandLinuxtheylearnedincourselearningandbasicexperiments,thestudentteamsaredirectedtodesignanddevelopademosofcommunication-area-orientedreal-timeandembeddedLinux实时嵌入式Linux系统关键技术coveringtheknowledgeunit“OS9real-timeandembeddedsystem”,SyllabusforOperatingSystems(cont.),PART2ChinaComputingCurricula2005,ChinaComputingCurricula2005中国计算机科学与技术教程CCC2005参照IEEE-CS&ACM制定的ComputingCurricula2004知识与课程体系14个知识领域(areas)，知识单元(unit)inareas,知识点(topics)inunits课程体系：基础课程，主干课程，特色课程,计算机科学与技术学科的定义计算学科研究通过在计算机上建立模型并模拟物理过程来进行科学调查和研究的学科，是对信息描述和变换算法的系统研究，包括理论、分析、效率、实现和应用计算机科学与技术学科研究计算机的设计制造和利用计算机进行信息获取、表示、存储、处理、控制等的理论、原则、方法和技术的学科，包括科学和技术2方面。科学侧重于研究现象、揭示规律；技术则侧重于研制计算机和研究使用计算机进行信息处理的方法和技术手段。,ChinaComputingCurricula2005(cont.),PART3BodyofKnowledgeinComputerScience(Areas),DS离散结构（72核心学时）PF程序设计基础（69核心学时）AL算法与复杂性（54核心学时）AR计算机组织与体系结构（82核心学时）OS操作系统（40核心学时）NC网络及其计算（48核心学时）PL程序设计语言（54核心学时）HC人机交互（12核心学时）GV图形学和可视化计算（8核心学时）IS智能系统（22核心学时）IM信息管理（34核心学时）SP社会与职业问题（11核心学时）SE软件工程（54核心学时）CN数值计算科学（无核心学时）,PART4KnowledgeUnitesinOSAreas,OS1操作系统概述（核心）OS2操作系统原理（核心）OS3并发性（核心）OS4调度与分派（核心）OS5内存管理（核心）OS6设备管理（核心）OS7安全与保护（核心）OS8文件系统（核心）OS9实时和嵌入式系统（选修）OS10容错（选修）OS11系统性能评价（选修）OS12脚本（选修）,PART5ContentsofClassTeaching,WhatisanOperatingSystemsystemsoftwareanintermediarybetweenusersandcomputersashuman-machineinteraction,forconvenientandefficientusageofcomputers/*用户-计算机间交互/接口功能manages(controlsandcoordinates)theuseofthehardware(CPU,memory,I/Odevices,etc.)andsoftwareresources(programsanddata,asfiles)/*资源管理功能.TeachingcontentsprincipleandimplementationtechniquesofOStakingLinuxascasestudies,Sixpartsinthetextbook1.(PartOne)Overview(概论)Chapter1OSdefinition,OSfunctionalitiesandtypes(OSvs.varioustypesofcomputersystems,developmentsofOS)Chapter2runningenvironmentsforOS,resourcesmanagedbyOSChapter3OSstructure,fromviewpointsofresourcemanagementandhuman-machineinteraction(3.1.1-3.1.8),ContentsofClassTeaching(cont.),2.ResourcesManagementPartTwo,PartThree,andPartFourresources：hardware:CPU,memory,I/Odevicessoftware/Information:programsanddataasfilesPartTwoProcessManagementsChapter4,5Processes/ThreadsbasicunitsforCPUmanagementsCPUmanagements:scheduling,synchronization,deadlockprocessingChapter6CPUschedulingofconcurrentprocessesorthreads),ContentsofClassTeaching(cont.),Chapter7,8coordinating(synchronization,deadlockprocessing)amongconcurrentrunningprocesses/threadsPartThreeStorageManagementsstorage:mainmemory,secondarymemory,cache,registerChapter9,10paging/segmentation,virtualmemory,ContentsofClassTeaching(cont.),Chapter.11,12programsanddatumasfilesinsecondarymemoryPartFourInput/OutputmanagementsChapter13I/O(sub)systemsacomponentinOStomanageandcontrolI/OoperationsandI/OdevicesChapter14Diskmanagement,ContentsofClassTeaching(cont.),3.(PartSix)ProtectionandSecurityChapter18Protectioncontrolstheaccessrequiredbyprograms,processes,anduserstoresourcesincomputers(e.g.files,memorysegments,CPU),resourcesaccesscontrolChapter19Securitydenytheillegalaccesstodata,programs,andphysicalresourcesincomputersystemsfromoutsidesbymeansofe.g.authentication,firewall,auditingandlogging,ContentsofClassTeaching(cont.),4.User-machineInterface/interactionChapter11FileSystemInterface(3.1.8)command-interpretersystemastheinterfacebetweenuserandOS(3.3)systemcallastheinterfacebetweenprocesses/threadsandOSChapter18,19ProtectionandSecurity,ContentsofClassTeaching(cont.),5.(PartFive)DistributedSystemsandDistributedOSChapter15,16,176.(PartSeven)CaseStudiesLinux,Unix,Windows2000,ContentsofClassTeaching(cont.),课堂教学内容与要求,对教材内容的把握程度上按“知道、了解、掌握、精通”分为四个层面，重点是需要“掌握、精通”的相关知识部分课堂教学内容主要为需要“掌握、精通”的部分，也涉及部分需要“知道、了解”的内容考察、考试内容重点在需要“掌握、精通”的相关知识部分作为案例的Linux操作系统的相关教学内容属于“知道、了解”层次，不作为考试要求；但学生应根据相关内容课后补充相关知识，完成课后实验Referto操作系统概念（英文）Summaryforteachingcontents.ppt,课堂教学内容与要求Chapter1(cont.),Twopartsofcontentsinthischapter(*了解*)Hierarchyofcomputerhardwareandsoftware(*了解*)DefinitionofOS(*掌握*)Hardwareresourceincomputers,usersofOS,commonly-acknowledgedclassificationsofOS(*了解*)Variouscomputersystems(*知道*)mainframesystems,desktopsystems,multiprocessorsystems,distributedsystems,clusteredsystems,real-timesystems,embeddedsystems(handheldsystems)(*知道*),OSfeaturesinthesecomputersystems(*了解*)ComputingEnvironments(*知道*)SomeConceptsinChapter1(*掌握*)Multiprogramming(多道程序设计)time-sharingparallel(并行)vs.concurrent(并发)distributedprocessingreal-timesystems,hardreal-time,softreal-timeembeddedsystem,课堂教学内容与要求Chapter1(cont.),PART6WhyLinuxasCaseStudies,根据教育部计算机科学与技术学科教学指导委员会制定的中国计算机科学与技术教程CCC2005的规定操作系统基本课程实验使用的操作系统平台为Windows或Linux操作系统综合课程设计使用的操作系统平台为Windows或Linux建议优先使用Linux,PART6WhyLinuxasCaseStudies,参见文“教育界应成为Linux以及开放软件的推动者和实践者.doc”教育内容的选择，首要的原则不是在于它的完美性，而是在于它必须具有可观察性、可解析性，并具有示范启示性从教学角度Linux具有源码开放，可观测性、可修改性、可裁减性好等特征，利于了解OS软件核心技术，利于实验教学基于Linux的实验教学，利于培养学生对实际操作系统的感性认识利于了解作为计算机基础软件的OS的多样化特征，利于学生创新能力的培养,WhyLinuxasCaseStudies,从技术/文化角度，Linux采用公开源码体系具有较好的安全性、稳定性，利于保证应用系统的安全性，尽量避免OS带来的软件缺陷和人为设置的后门利于在此基础上发展自有OS核心技术和知识产权价格低廉，易于推广使用，利于培养学生正确的知识产权和版权观念从市场角度，Linux采用公开源码体系Linux快速发展，市场份额逐步增大，特别是在服务器市场和大型主机市场国内OS政府采购的首选IBM、HP、Oracle、曙光、联想等公司推出Linux平台下的服务器、主机产品,WhyLinuxasCaseStudies,与课堂教学同步进行的7组Linux基本实验系统安装实验Linux内