高考英语一轮复习 语法专题 第二部分 词法篇-其他词类 专题2 冠词课件 外研版.ppt

第二部分词法篇其他词类,专题2冠词,核心考点精析,冠词在高考中的应用,模拟强化练,核心考点精析,不定冠词的核心考点,1.表示数量“一”，相当于“one”。Illreturninadayortwo.2.表示“同一”，相当于“thesame”。Thechildrenareofanage.3.表示泛指或类指，指人或事物的某一个、某一类。Hewantstobeadoctor.Adogisafaithfulanimal.,4.用于首次提到的单数可数名词前。YesterdayIboughtanovel.Itcostme30yuan.5.用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.6.用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个，相当于“acertain”。AMr.Liisaskingtoseeyou.7.与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用，表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”。Thereisaheavyrainyesterday.Hegaveusabigsurprise.,8.用于序数词前表示“又一，再一”。Hewantedtotryasecondtime.9.表示季节、月份、日期、三餐的名词前有修饰语时，前面可用不定冠词。Wehaveawarmwinterthisyear.ThiseveningIhadabigsupper.10.用在某些固定词组中。haveaswimallofasuddenonceinawhileasaresult(of)inahurryasawholeatatime,定冠词的核心考点,1.用于上文提到过的人或事物前。Ihaveboughtabook.Thebookisveryuseful.2.用于说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物前。Closethewindow，please.3.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前，如：thesun。4.用于表示方位的名词之前，如：intheeast。5.用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前，如：thefirst，themostinteresting。,6.用于“the比较级，the比较级”中，表示“越越”。Themorethebetter.7.用于表示两者相比“较的那个人或物”的比较级形式前。Ofthetwostudents，Maryisthecleverer.8.用于形容词之前，使其名词化，表示一类人，如：theold，thepoor，thedead。9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词(如国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸、会议、条约等的名称)之前，如：theGreatWall，theUnitedStates等。,10.用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛等名词之前，如：theWestLake。11.用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”，如：theWhites。12.用于作为课程或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前，如：playthepiano，playtheviolin。13.用于表示单位的名词前，如：bytheday。14.用于年代、朝代、时代名词前，如：inthe1970s。15.用于某些固定词组中，如：allthetime，attheageof，intheend，bytheway，intheformof等。,不用冠词的情况,1.不含普通名词的专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词，如：China，America。2.可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。Einsteinstheoryprovedtobecorrect.3.季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词，如：March，havesupper。4.称呼语前不加冠词。WhatshallIdonext，Mother?,5.表示独一无二的头衔、职务名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，一般不加冠词。6.学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。7.复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时，其前不加冠词。8.在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。9.连系动词turn后的表语单数可数名词前不加冠词。Theyoungworkerhasturnedwriter.10.as，though引导的倒装让步状语从句中的表语(单数可数名词)置于句首时不加冠词。Childasheis，heknowsalot.,11.某些固定词组中不加冠词，如：husbandandwife，arminarm。注意下列词组的区别：,返回,冠词高考中的应用,冠词与语法填空,冠词是位于名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词，它不能离开名词而单独存在。语法填空中，重点考查冠词的基本用法。另外冠词活用及习惯搭配是考查难点。,典题试做1,在空白处填入适当的冠词1.Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyevenmostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015全国)解析空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词the。,the,解析答案,2.Heownedfarm，whichlookedalmostabandoned.(2015广东)解析名词farm前缺少限定词，根据文意可知，Johnson先生和家人住在树林里，他拥有一个农场。故填不定冠词a，表示泛指“一个”，修饰可数名词单数farm。3.Now，yearslater，thisriverisoneofmostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.(2014新课标全国)解析考查定冠词的用法。后面的mostoutstanding是最高级，其前面要用定冠词the修饰。,a,the,解析答案,4.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomontopfloor.(2014广东)解析考查固定搭配中的冠词。onthetopfloor在顶层。5.Inthebeginning，therewasonlyverysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld，buteveryoneaddedalittle，alwaysthinkingthatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant，andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.(2013广东)解析asmallamountof少量的，为固定搭配。,the,a,解析答案,6.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasnther，itwasprobablythefactthatshesatinlastrow.(2012广东)解析“最后一排”为特指，要加定冠词the，即inthelastrow。7.Wehadamazingconversation.(2011广东)解析句意为：我们进行了一次令人惊异的交谈。haveaconversation为固定搭配；amazing以元音音素开头，故填an。,the,an,解析答案,8.Ayoungman，whiletravelingthroughadesert，cameacrossaspringofclearwater.waterwassweet.(2010广东)解析此处特指前一句中提到的泉水aspringofclearwater，故用定冠词the。,The,解析答案,应对策略1,在名词或“形容词名词”前缺少限定词时，要考虑冠词。不定冠词a/an表示泛指，可译作“一个/本/座/”等；定冠词the表示特指，相当于“这，这些，那，那些”。另外要注意：特指上文出现的或谈话双方心目中都知道的人或事物用the；在序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的事物名词之前，用the。,冠词与短文改错,短文改错中对于冠词的考查常涉及漏掉冠词、冠词错用与冠词多余这三种情况。,典题试做2,单句改错(每小题1处错误)1.NowIamlivinginacity，butImissmyhomeincountryside.(2015全国)解析城市生活与乡村生活对比，此处特指乡村，所以用inthecountryside。答案countryside前加the,解析答案,2.Awomansawhimcryingandtoldhimtowaitoutsideashop.(2015全国)解析句意为：一位妇女看见他在哭然后告诉他让他在商店外边等着。这里说的“商店”是说话者与听话者双方都明白的那一个，即特指。故a应改为the。答案athe3.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.(2015浙江)解析考查固定表达。inahurry匆匆忙忙。答案hurry前加a,解析答案,4.Mysoccercoachretiredlastweek.Iwantedtodosomethingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.Ataparty，mycoach，withabiscuitinhismouth，askedsurprisinglywhomadethemandjoked，“Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjusttogetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.”(2015陕西)解析由语境可知party再次出现，指的是前文他们一起参加的那个晚会，属于特指，故应用定冠词the。答案party前的athe,解析答案,5.Asresult，theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.(2014新课标全国)解析asaresult结果，为固定搭配。故as后应加a。答案as后加a6.Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.(2014辽宁)解析anaverageof.平均有，为固定搭配。答案average前的aan7.Today，Iamgoingtotalkaboutwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgoesoff.Ifyouhearthealarm，.Soonthefirefighterswillcomeandputoutafire.(2014四川)解析特指上句提到的afire，故应用定冠词the。答案putout后的athe,解析答案,8.ThatdayIdidntlearnmuchaboutanimals，insectsortrees，butIlearntaimpressivelessonaboutgravity！(2014陕西)解析“学了印象深刻的一课”，故用不定冠词表“泛指”；impressive以元音音素开头，故a应改为an。答案aan9.Thiscustomsoonbecameanothermealofday.(2013新课标全国)解析由句意可知此处指的是特定一天中的另一餐，因此day前应加定冠词the。答案day前加the,解析答案,10.Now，wereplanningasmallpartyforthenextSunday.There，Katiawillintroducemetosomeofherfriends，oneofwhomhasbeentoChinaseveraltimes.(2011重庆)解析根据现在进行时表将来可知，时间状语应为nextSunday。故去掉the。答案去掉the,解析答案,应对策略2,判定冠词的方法：(1)根据泛指和特指。若泛指“一个”，再根据单词的第一个音素来判定用a还是an；若特指，用the。(2)根据固定搭配。注意固定搭配中不能多用或少用冠词。,书面表达中冠词易错点聚焦,由于受到汉语的干扰，疏漏冠词是我们中国学生在写作中的常见错误类型之一。存在的误区有以下几种：1.对抽象名词具体化的应用判断失误。(误)TheChristmaseveningpartywassuccess.(正)TheChristmaseveningpartywasasuccess.,2.冠词在一些固定结构中的误用。(误)Mrs.Taylorhasaneightyearolddaughterwhohasthegiftforpaintingshehaswontwonationalprizes.(正)Mrs.Taylorhasaneightyearolddaughterwhohasagiftforpaintingshehaswontwonationalprizes.(误)Ourteacheriskindtousandheoftenhaswordswithus.(正)Ourteacheriskindtousandheoftenhasawordwithus.,3.冠词表示类别和不用冠词时的易错点。(误)InmanyplacesinChina，abicycleisstillthepopularmeansoftransportation.(正)InmanyplacesinChina，thebicycleisstillapopularmeansoftransportation.,返回,模拟强化练,.单句语法填空1.Besides，shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnotpleasantexperience：peoplesteppedonyourfeetorpushedyouwiththeirelbows(肘部)，hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.解析apleasantexperience一次愉快的经历。不定冠词位于单数可数名词experience之前，表示“一次”。,a,解析答案,2.Thereisconstantbeatinrapsongs.Thebeataccountsforthepopularityofrapmusicinclubs.解析在该句中beat是可数名词，意为“节拍”，故其前应加不定冠词a，表泛指。3.Lastweekend，IwastravellinghomefromBangalore.Therewasdistinctlackofbuses，soIthoughtIwouldescapethecrowdandgoforrefreshment.Idecidedtogotoahotelnearthebusstand.解析alackof缺少，为固定搭配。,a,a,解析答案,4.TheInternationalRedCross/RedCrescentexiststohelpthevictimsofconflictsanddisastersregardlessoftheirnationality.symboloftheorganizationwasoriginallyjusttheredcross.解析后有定语“oftheorganization”修饰，特指“这个组织的标志”，所以用定冠词the，该空设于句首，首字母要大写，故填The。5.Therearelotsofexperiencesinourlives.mostunforgettableoneformeisthespeechcompetitionwhichwasheldlastyear.解析最高级前用定冠词。,The,The,解析答案,6.Wehaveopenedupclothingshopcalled“GiftsofGrace”andadvertisedfreeclothingforanyonewhohastheneed.解析clothingshop是第一次提到的单数可数名词，故用a修饰，表泛指。7.GuinnessWorldRecordseditorGraigGlendaysays，“Thisisextraordinaryworldrecordattemptthatshowsbothspiritualdedicationandtruepassion.”解析attempt是可数名词，且extraordinary以元音音素开头，故用an。,a,an,解析答案,8.Onedayinparticular，afinelydressedgentlemanstoodoutsidetherichmansdoorandsaid，“Youvegivenmesecondchanceatlife.Withyourgenerousgift，Iwasabletoinvestthemoneyandpullmyselfoutofmypoverty.”解析不定冠词用于序数词前表示“又一，再一”；second以辅音音素开头，故用a。9.Youshouldalsobepreparedtomakechangesinthedietandgetaccustomedtolocalfoodsandthelimitedselectionoffamiliarfoodsinthestoresandrestaurants.解析特指当地的食物，应用定冠词the。,a,the,解析答案,10.Hewasuniquemanagerwhowasfollowedbyseveralwaiters.解析注意unique并非元音音素开头，所以用a不用an。,a,解析答案,.单句改错(每小题1处错误)1.Finally，therewasasuddenpullatthepoleandfishwascaught.答案fish前加a2.Theteacherwasangrybecausewehadsameanswersinthetest.答案same前加the3.Yesterdayafternoon，IpaidvisittoMr.Johnson.Iwaseagertoseehim，butoutsidehisroomIstopped.答案visit前加a,答案,4.Mymotherisverykindandisfriendlytoeverybody.SowhenIhavetheproblemIwillturntoherforhelp.答案thea5.IstillrememberwhenIwaschild，youalwaysheldmeinyourarmsandtoldmestoriestillIfellasleep.答案child前加a6.InthecarparkthereGinanearlygotknockedoverascardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.答案第二个car前加a,答案,7.ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofminewhoisgoingtoBeijing.答案such后加a8.Therefore，ItoldtheminterestingstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazil.Asaresult，nobodyknewtruth.Istillthinkthatitwastherightthingtodo.答案truth前加the,答案,9.Manycountriesintheworldfindtheydonthaveenoughwater.Todealwithaproblem，Ithink，weshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreesbecausetreeswillhelpsavewater.答案athe/this/that10.When，however，onMonday，January16，asciencefictionfilmaboutvisitorsfromouterspacewasshownontelevision，therewastheimmediateincreaseinreportsofsightingsfromallpartsoftheStates.答案immediate前的thean,答案,.语法填空A(冠词专练)IcametostudyintheUnitedStates1.yearago.YetIdidnotknow2.realAmericansocietyuntilIwasinjuredinacaraccidentbecauseafter3.accidentIhadtoseeadoctorandgotocourt.Aftertheaccident，myroommatecalled4.doctorforme.Iwasverythankfulanddecidedtorepayhimoneday.But5.nextday，heaskedmetopayhim$200forwhathehaddone.Iwasastonished.Hehadgoodreasontochargeme，hesaid.AndifIwantedtocollectmoneyfrom6.personwhowasresponsibleformyinjury，Idhavetohave7.goodlawyer.Nowthathehadhelpedmetofindagooddoctor，itwasonlyfairthatIshouldpayhim.,a,the,the,a,the,the,a,答案,ButeverytimeIwenttosee8.doctor，Ihadtowaitabout50minutes.Hewouldseetwoorthreepatientsat9.sametime，andoftenstoptreatingonesoastoseeanother.Yethechargedme$