医学词汇翻译.doc

1、 医学词汇翻译（20分）1、fibrosis纤维变性 splenopathy脾病 arthropathia关节病 leucopenia白细胞减少 chololith胆石 glossospasm舌痉挛 laryngoplegia喉麻痹 lymphocytorrhexis淋巴细胞破裂 myomalacia肌软化 rhinedema鼻水肿 podalgia足痛 hyperalgesia痛觉过敏 pleurodynia胸膜痛 encephalocele脑突出 chondritis软骨炎 urorrhea遗尿 dermatosclerosis硬皮症 hepatomegaly/hepatomegalia肝肿大 adenoncus腺肿大 2、hemapoiesis 血细胞生成，血生成vasodilation 血管扩 vasculitis脉管炎 angiocyst成血管囊lymphokine 淋巴因子 myocarditis 心肌炎myelocythemia 髓细胞血症 neurasthenia 神经衰弱 urocyanin 尿蓝质 urinemia 尿毒症 uronophile 嗜尿的 crinogenic 促分泌的 adenocarcinoma 腺癌 thyrocele 甲状腺肿 hyperthyroidism 甲亢 genitoplasty 生殖器形成术 gonadogenesis 性腺发生 dermomycosis 皮真菌病 cuticle 表皮 osteectopia 骨异位3、cardiomegalia 心肥大 encephalorrhagia 脑出血pulmolith 肺石 pulmonology 肺脏学 pneumochysis 肺水肿hepatatrophy 肝萎缩hepaticopulmonary肝肺的gastrocolotomy胃结肠吻stomachoscopy 胃镜检查cholocyanin 胆青素splenectopia 脾异位pancreatopathy 胰病 nephredema 肾盂积水 tracheostomy 气管造口术bronchoplegia 支气管麻esophagalgia 食管痛mammatroph 催乳细胞mastodynia 乳房痛metromalacia 子宫软化uteropexy 子宫固定术 4、osteoclast 折骨器osteoclasis 折骨术thermogram 温度记录图 thermograph温度记录图器 thermography温度记录图法 thoracometer 胸围计thoracometry 胸廓测量法otoscope 耳镜 otoscopy 耳镜检查ophthalmostat眼球固定器 ophthalmostasis 眼球固定法 arthrotome 关节刀 arthrotomy 关节切开术angiotribe 血管压轧器 angiotripsy 血管压轧术5、laryngotomy 喉切开术myomectomy 肌瘤切除术secocolostomy 盲肠结肠吻合术cheiloplasty 唇形成术 syndesmorrhaphy 韧带缝合术tendinosuture 腱缝术romanopexy 乙状结肠固定术 arthrodesis 关节固定术uterofixation子宫固定术arthrolysis 关节松解术 celiocentisis腹腔穿刺术 venipuncture静脉穿刺术tracheofissure 气管分裂术 bronchodilation支气管扩张sialectasia 涎管扩张 lymphangiectasis 淋巴管扩张lithotripsy 碎石术atresia 闭锁，无孔 ateriostrepsis 动脉扭转术（止血）pleuroclysis 胸膜腔灌洗术 6、natriuresis 钠尿排泄 potassemia 高钾血症 kaliopenia 低钾血症 calcitonin 降钙素 magnesite 碳酸镁 ferritin 铁蛋白 hydrogenase 氢化酶 oxylase 氧化酶 oxozone 双氧水 carbonuria 碳酸尿症 carbocyclic 碳环的 nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油 aminolysis 氨解作用 ammonirrhea 氨排泄 leukotriene 白三烯 glycerol 甘油，丙醇 acetone 丙酮 aciduria 尿酸 alkalosis 碱中毒 basocyte 嗜碱性粒细胞7、astrocyte 星状细胞 coracoacromial 喙突肩峰的 coronavirus 冠状病毒 cricothyroid 环甲软骨的 cyclohexane 环己六醇 cuneus 楔叶（大脑） reticuloendothelial 网状内皮细胞 discoblastula 盘形囊胚 mitosis 有丝分裂 flocculoreaction絮状反应 globulinuria 球蛋白尿 spherolith 球状石 rhabdomyolysis 横纹肌溶解 cymbocephalia 舟状头（畸形） sphenocephaly 楔形头（畸形） helicopepsin 螺蛋白酶 squamocellular 鳞状细胞的 staphylococcin 葡萄球菌素 styloid 茎状的 trochocephaly轮状头（畸形）8、Mianserin 米安色林（抗抑郁药）Nitrazepam 硝西泮，硝基安定（抗惊厥和催眠药）Amobarbital 异戊巴比妥（镇静催眠药）Dibucaine 地布卡因，辛可卡因（局部麻醉药）Cefixime 头孢克肟Penicillin 青霉素Miconazole 咪康唑（抗真菌药）Tetracycline 四环素（抗生素类药）Nimodipine 尼莫地平，硝苯砒酯（血管扩张药）Sufentanil 舒芬太尼，噻哌苯胺（镇痛药）Aminophylline氨茶碱（平滑肌松弛药，利尿药）Gentamycin 庆大霉素（抗生素类药）Sulnidazole 舒硝唑，硫乙硝唑（抗滴虫药）Buprenorphine 布诺啡，叔丁啡（镇痛药）Norfloxacin 诺氟沙星Indoprofen 吲哚洛芬，印酮苯丙酸（消炎镇痛药）Rifampin 利福平Sulfadiazine 磺胺嘧啶（磺胺类药）Famotidine 法莫替丁（组胺H2拮抗药）Acyclovir 阿昔洛韦，无环鸟苷（抗病毒药）9、Hemialgia 偏侧痛Semicanal 半管Monacid 一元酸Uniaural 单耳的Dicephaly 双头（畸形）Biatrial 两心房的Ambiopia 复视Triacetate 三醋酸盐Teroxide 三氧化物Tetracycline 四环素quaritsternal 胸骨第四节的Pentene 戊烯Quinquecuspid 五尖的，五尖牙Hexose 己糖Sextipara 六产妇Heptanal 庚醛Septanose 七环糖Octapeptide 八肽Nonapeptide 九肽Decapod 十足的 十足目动物 10、 leukemia 白血病Leucocytosis/leukocytosis 白细胞增多Albinuria 白尿，乳糜尿Melanoma 黑素瘤Nigral 黑质的Erythrocytin 红细胞素Rubriblast 原正成红细胞 原始红细胞Chlorophyll 叶绿素Viridin 绿啶 绿胶霉素（抗真菌抗生素）Cyanosis 发绀 青紫Xanthoderma 黄肤 皮肤变黄Lutein 黄体素 脂色素Aflatoxin 黄曲霉素Glaucoma 青光眼Polioencephalitis 脑灰质炎Eosinophilia 嗜酸粒细胞增多Rhodopsin 视紫质 视紫红(质）Purpura 紫癜Violaceous 紫色的 青紫色的11、Epicondyle 上髁Hypernephroma 肾上腺样瘤Supermaxilla 上颌骨Supralumbar 腰上的Subpatellar 髌下的Hypoglossal 舌下的Infraorbital 眶下的Preretinal 视网膜前的Anteposition 前位Postabortal 流产后的Retro-ocular 眼后的Endotheliosis 内皮增生Intra-arterial 动脉内的Ectoblast 外胚层，外胚叶 外膜Exocervix 外宫颈Exterogestate 宫外发育的 宫外孕胎Extracerebral 脑外的Mesiolabial 近中唇（侧）的Centriole 中心粒Intercostal 肋间的 1.The nervous system神经系统The nervous system the brain, the spinal cord（脊髓） and the nerves also controls body activities. The lower parts of the brain control basic functions such as breathing and heart rate as well as body temperature, hunger, and thirst（口渴）. Above these regions are the centers for sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste, and the regions that direct voluntary muscular activities（肌肉自主活动） of the arms and legs. Performed here are the higher functions of integrating（结合） and processing information.The brain receives and sends information by means of （依靠） nerves, many of which lie partly in the spinal cord. The spinal cord is protected by the spinal column（脊柱）. Nerves enter and leave（出入） the spinal cord at each level of the body, traveling to and from（进出） the arms, legs, and trunk (躯干). These nerves bring information from the various sense organs (感觉器官). The information is processed by the brain, and then messages are carried back to (被传送回) muscles and glands (腺) throughout the body.2.The endocrine system内分泌系统The two systems that control body activities are the endocrine system and the nervous system. The former exerts its control by means of chemical messengers (使者) called hormones. Hormones are produced by a variety of endocrine glands (多种内分泌腺), which release the hormones directly into the blood stream (血流).A major (主要的) gland is the pituitary (垂体), which is located under the brain in the middle of the head. It produces at least eight hormones, which affect growth, kidney function, and development of the sex organs (性器官). Because some of the pituitarys hormones stimulate other glands to produce their own hormones, the pituitary is called the master gland.Another gland, the thyroid (甲状腺), is located between the collar bones(锁骨). Its hormones controls the rate of the bodys metabolism. The sex organs ovaries(卵巢) and testes(睾丸) make the sex cells and also make hormones that control certain characteristics of males and females. Located on top of each kidney is the adrenal gland (肾上腺), which produces cortisone (可的松) and adrenaline（肾上腺素）. The pancreas produces not only digestive enzymes but also insulin（胰岛素） and glucagon（胰高血糖素）, which control the bodys use of sugar and starches (淀粉).3.The reproductive system生殖系统The reproductive system is constructed differently for males and females. The male reproductive system is responsible for producing, transporting and maintaining viable(能生育的) sperm (精子) (the male sex cell). It also produces the male sex hormon