研究生英语阅读教程翻译及课后练习答案U9TextA.ppt

Unit9,公外研究生读写课期末考试题型及分值,PartIReadingComprehension2X10=20PartIIVocabularyandStructurei.Usetheappropriateformofthewordsorphrasesintheboxtocompletethefollowingsentences.1X10=10ii.Replacetheitalicizedwordswithwordsorexpressionsfromthetext.1X10=10PartIIICloze1X10=10PartIVTranslation4X5=20i.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.ii.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.PARTVWriting30除作文和阅读理解外，其余都出自课本。,Content,Warming-up,Reading,Writing,TextA,TextB,TextAWithFinanceDisgraced,WhichCareerWillBeKing?,BackgroundInformation,Introduction：WithFinanceDisgraced,WhichCareerWillBeKing?isanarticlewrittenin2009bySteveLohr,aforeigncorrespondentfortheNewTimes.Theimpactoftheglobalfinancialcrisisisenormousandoverwhelming.Thereislittledoubtthatthecrisishasalreadyhurtjobgrowth.Theeconomiccrisishasdefinitelychangedthewaytheuniversitystudentssearchforjobs.Studentsrealizethattheyneedtokeeptheiroptionsopenandnotnecessarilyonlyfocusonthetypeofjobstheyhaveoriginallyplannedon.Thecurrenteconomiccrisishasreshapedthefinancialworld.,keep/leaveyouroptionsopenavoidmakingadecisionnowsothatonestillhasachoicelater暂不作决定;留有选择余地:Donttakethejobnow.Keepyouroptionsopenuntilyouleaveuniversity.先别接受这份工作-暂时保留选择权,到离开这所大学再说.,late-2000sfinancialcrisis,Thelate-2000sfinancialcrisis(oftencalledtheGlobalRecession,GlobalFinancialCrisisortheCreditCrunch)isconsideredbymanyeconomiststobetheworstfinancialcrisissincetheGreatDepressionofthe1930s.Itresultedinthecollapseoflargefinancialinstitutions,thebailoutofbanksbynationalgovernments,anddownturnsinstockmarketsaroundtheworld.Inmanyareas,thehousingmarkethadalsosuffered,resultinginnumerousevictions,foreclosuresandprolongedunemployment.Itcontributedtothefailureofkeybusinesses,declinesinconsumerwealthestimatedinthetrillionsofU.S.dollars,andasignificantdeclineineconomicactivity,leadingtoasevereglobaleconomicrecessionin2008.,Havea10-minutediscussionwithyourpartnersonthefollowingtopics:,Discussing,1.Doestheworldfinancialcrisishaveanimpactonyou?2.Howdoesfinancialcrisisinfluenceoccupationalchoice?3.Whatstherightattitudeinchoosingajobunderthecurrenteconomicsituation?,ReadingTextA,TextStudy,MainIdea连续的改变;变迁inastateofflux:Organizationofthecompanywastheninastateofflux.当时公司的编制正处於不稳定状态.influx:Thecommitteesideaswerestillinflux.,3.如今，金融危机和经济衰退可能会极大地改变未来若干年的职业道路。这种转变目前仍未定型，原因之一是未来的经济形势和就业市场的状况还很不确定。4.然而对职业的选择是对未来的一种猜测，其中经济因素只是其所估量的一个方面。声誉、同行期望以及舆论氛围也很重要。一些初期的迹象表明，比之于即刻得到华尔街6位数薪水的梦想，新的职业方向将更多地与解决国家所面临问题的政府新行动计划的需要联系在一起。,Para.5,5Thedeeprecessionhasclearlybatteredindustriesandprofessionswhoseeconomicswereatriskbeforethedownturn.Lawfirmsarelayingofflawyersasneverbeforeandquestioningtheindustrystraditionalunitofpayment,thebillablehour.JournalismisreelingfromthefalloffinadvertisingandtheinabilityofnewspapersandmagazinestomakealivingontheWeb.,5.严重的经济衰退显然重创了在低迷期到来之前经济状况就岌岌可危的一些行业和职业。律师事务所在以前所未有的规模解雇律师，并对该行业传统的按小时计酬制度提出了质疑。新闻业因广告收入的下滑及报刊无力在互联网上维持生存而步履蹒跚。,Para.6,6Still,theindustrywhosetroublesarehavingthegreatestimpactontherethinkingofcareers,especiallyatthenationseliteuniversities,istheoneatthecenterofthecountryseconomicdownturnfinance.Foryears,theheftypaychecksandsocialstatusonWallStreetprovedirresistibletomanyofAmericasbrightestyoungpeople,butthejobs,moneyandsocialrespecttherearemuchdiminishedtoday.,diminishedadjectiveFORMAL-reducedinamount,size,orimportance:Theirchancesofsurvivalaregreatlydiminishedbecauseoftheirpoorhealth.,6.不过，其困境对重新思考职业选择尤其是在美国的那些精英大学中产生最大影响的，还要属在美国经济衰退中处于核心位置的行业金融业。多年来，事实证明华尔街提供的丰厚薪酬和重要的社会地位对美国许多最富聪明才智的年轻人来说是无法抗拒的，但如今，那里的工作、金钱和社会声望都大打折扣。,Para.7,7“Inchoosingcareers,youngpeoplelookforsignalsfromsociety,andWallStreetwillnolongerpullthetalentthatitdidforsomanyyears,”saidRichardFreeman,directorofthelaborstudiesprogramattheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch.“Wehaveagreatexperimentbeforeus.”,7.全国经济研究所劳工研究项目主任理查德弗里曼说：“年轻人在选择职业时，会寻找社会发出的信号，而华尔街不会再像这么多年来那样吸引人才了。我们面临着一场伟大的实验。”,Questions:(Para8),Whatwillthenewtrendoftalentflowafterthefinancialcrisisbrokeout?,Publicservice,government,sciencesandeventeachingwillgaintractionwhilecareersinfinanceandbusinessconsultingwilllosetheirluster.,Para.8,8Whatwillthenewmapoftalentflowlooklike?Itsearly,butbasedongraduateschoolapplicationsthisspring,enrollmentinundergraduatecourses,preliminaryjob-placementresultsatschools,andtheanecdotalaccountsofstudentsandprofessors,anewpatternofoccupationalchoiceseemstobeemerging.Publicservice,government,thesciencesandeventeachinglooktobewinners,whilefewershiny,youngmindsareembarkingoncareersinfinanceandbusinessconsulting.,8.新的人才流动图会是什么样子呢？现在看还为时过早，不过根据今年春季的研究生就读申请、本科生课程选修情况、各学校初步就业情况以及学生和教授的随口讲述，职业选择的新模式似乎正在形成。公共服务、政府部门、科研领域甚至教学工作看来会成为人们的上选，而从事金融和商业咨询类职业的青年才俊则要比过去少。,Para.9,9Forthehighest-paidbusinessfields,theoutlookisforatemperingcorrectioninsteadofanall-outexodus.AtHarvard,forexample,about40percentofundergraduatesinrecentyearswentintothemostlucrativecorporatearenaslikefinanceandconsulting,basedonsurveysattheschoolyearsend.“Thatcertainlywontbethecasethisyear,”observedLawrenceKatz,aprofessorandlaboreconomistwhohasstudiedundergraduatecareerchoicesatHarvardgoingbacktothe1960s.“WereseeingstudentswhowouldhavebeenpartoftheIvyLeaguepipelinetoWallStreetinthepastconsideringverydifferentcareerpaths.”,pipelinenC1.alineofconnectingpipes,oftenundertheground,usedforsendinggas,oiletcoverlongdistances2.beinthepipeline-ifaplan,idea,oreventisinthepipeline,itisbeingpreparedanditwillhappenorbecompletedsoon在筹备中,酝酿中Morejoblossesareinthepipeline.Newlawstodealwiththisabuseareinthepipeline.正在制定处理这种弊端的新法令。,9.对于收入最高的那些职业来说，未来的趋势是出现一种高潮后的适度衰退，而不是人才散尽。比如，在哈佛大学，根据学年末的调查，近年来约有40%的本科生进入金融和咨询这类最赚钱的公司。该校教授、从事本科生自20世纪60年代择业方向研究的劳动经济学家劳伦斯卡茨说：“今年肯定不会出现这种情况。我们看到有些学生过去原本会成为常春藤盟校向华尔街输送的人才，如今却在考虑完全不同的职业道路。”,Para.10,10KedamaiFisseha,a21-year-oldsenior,isoneofthem.Aneconomicsmajor,Mr.Fissehasayshealwaysassumedhewouldgointofinance,andhissummerinternshiplastyearwasattheinvestmentbankMorganStanley.YetafterWallStreetsmeltdown,jobprospectstherehavewithered.Instead,heisinterviewingwithTeachforAmerica,anonprofitgroupthatrecruitscollegegraduatestoteachinhard-to-staffschoolsfortwo-yearstints.(Afterthat,onlyone-thirdstayintheclassrooms,thoughtwo-thirdsremainineducation.),wither,1witherorwitherawaytobecomeweakerorsmallerandthendisappear:Theyworrythathonoredtraditionswillwither.Theirlovewaswitheringaway.2ifplantsorflowerswither,theybecomedrierandstarttodie:Thespringflowerswerealreadybeginningtowither.,10.21岁的大四学生克达迈菲塞哈就是其中之一。主修经济学的菲塞哈说，他一直以为自己会投身金融业，去年他的暑期实习还是在摩根士丹利这家投资银行度过的。然而在华尔街崩溃后，那里的就业前景变得暗淡下来，他转而接受了“美国援教项目”的面试。这家非营利性组织招募大学生到一些难以招到教员的学校执教两年。（之后，只有1/3的人留教，不过2/3的人仍任职于教育领域。）,Para.11,11Mr.Fisseharegardstheturnofeventsasanopportunitytobroadenhishorizons.“Itsbeenliberatingandluckyforme,”hesaid.“Butyoursituationdoesdictateyourpreferences.”,dictatetransitivetoinfluenceorcontrolhowsomethingisdone:Theirchoicewasdictatedbypoliticalcircumstances.Commonsensedictatesthatweapproachherwithcaution.,11.菲塞哈把形势的变化视为他开阔眼界的契机。他说：“它给了我自由，对我来说是件幸事。但是你的境遇的确会左右你的意愿。”,Question:(Paras12-22),Whyhavegovernmentjobsbecomeagoodchoiceforgraduatingstudents?,a.Jobopportunities,b.Peoplesbeliefinthegovernmentskeyroleinmeetingcomplicatedpublicchallenges,includingenvironment,healthcareandterrorism,c.AnObamaeffect,Para.12,12Graduateschoolsofgovernmentandpublicpolicyareseeingasurgeofapplications.Inasurveyofitsmembersreleasedlastweek,theNationalAssociationofSchoolsofPublicAffairsandAdministrationfoundthat82percentreportedanincreaseinapplicationsthisyear,andmanysawthelargestpercentagejumpsinseveralyears,orever.Themost-citedreasonwastheexpectationbystudentsthatgovernmentwillbehiring.,12.申请进入政府与公共政策研究生院的人数正在激增。上周发布的对全国公共事务与行政管理院校联合会成员的调查结果显示，有82%的学校报告称今年的申请人数出现了增长，许多学校的增长比例是几年来最高的，有的是前所未有的。被提及最多的原因是学生们预期政府会招聘人才。,Paras.13-14,13Still,theappealofpublicsectorcareersextendsbeyondjobopenings,sayschoolofficials.Thelaissez-fairepresumptionthatgovernmentisnotthesolutionbuttheproblem,datingbacktotheReaganera,hasbeencastaside,theysay.14Thegovernmentsneedtostepinwithfinancialbailoutsandrecoveryprogramstosteadytheeconomyisseenastheimmediateproof,theysay,butnottheonlyone.Theenvironment,energyandhealthcarealsoposehuge,complexchallenges.“Youngpeopletodayunderstandthatgovernmenthasapowerfulroletoplayinsolvingtheseproblems,”saidSandraArchibald,deanoftheEvansSchoolofPublicAffairsattheUniversityofWashington,whereapplicationsthisyearareup26percent.,13.不过，校方官员说，公共部门工作的吸引力不只在于其所提供的就业机会。他们说，认为政府不会解决问题反而会制造问题的自由放任主义学说已被抛到一边，而该学说可以追溯到里根时代。14.他们说，政府需要通过金融救助和经济复苏计划来干预进而稳定经济，这被视为佐证其判断的直接证据，但不是唯一的证据。环境、能源和医疗保健也面临着巨大而复杂的挑战。华盛顿大学埃文斯公共事务学院今年的申请人数增加了26%，该学院院长桑德拉阿奇博尔德说：“如今的年轻人意识到，政府在解决这些问题上将发挥强有力的作用。”,Para.15-16,15GovernmentschoolofficialsalsopointtoanObamaeffect:hiselectionasanendorsementofgovernmentactivism.16Theeconomy,otherlong-rangepolicyissuesandthenewadministration,accordingtoDavidEllwood,deanofHarvardsKennedySchoolofGovernment,adduptoa“benevolentperfectstorm,”whichcouldluretalentedpeopletopublicserviceinawaynotseenindecades.,15.政府学院的官员们还提到奥巴马效应：他的当选被认为是对政府行动主义的认可。16.哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院院长大卫埃尔伍德认为，经济、其他长期性政策问题以及新一届政府加在一起形成了一场“慈善性的完美风暴”，它会以一种几十年未见的方式吸引人才进入公共服务领域。,Para17,17Yetevenbeforetheeconomiccrisis,Mr.Ellwoodsaid,thereweresignsofadriftamongyoungpeopletowardtryingtoworkonpublicproblems,influencedbyeverythingfromthe9/11attackstoclimatechange.,17.然而埃尔伍德说，甚至在经济危机爆发前，受“911”袭击到气候变化等各种因素的影响，年轻人在择业时就已经出现了朝试图解决社会问题的方向转变的迹象。,Para.18,18MatthewMcKnightattendedPhillipsExeterAcademyandwasafreshmanatDartmouthCollegeduringthe9/11attacks.Theeventanditsaftermath,herecalled,lefthimwithaconvictionthatheshouldservehiscountry“becauseoftheopportunitiesIdbeengiven.”Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Mr.McKnightjoinedtheMarines.HisfouryearsinthemilitaryincludedastintattheStateDepartmentinacounterterrorismunit,andherecentlyreturnedfrom13monthsinthefieldinIraq.,18.马修麦克奈特曾就读于菲利普斯埃克塞特中学，“911”袭击发生时，他在达特茅斯学院读大一。他回忆说，那次事件及其后果让他坚信，他应该为国家效力，“因为我被赋予了这种机遇”。从达特茅斯学院毕业后，麦克奈特加入了海军陆战队。他的4年军旅生涯包括曾在国务院反恐小组任职的一段时期，最近他在伊拉克战场服役13个月后返回国内。,Para.19,19Thisfall,Mr.McKnight,25,isheadedtotheKennedySchoolforajoint-degreeprogramwiththeHarvardBusinessSchool.Hemayworkintheprivatesectorforacoupleofyearsatsomepoint,hesaid,butheplanstomakehiscareeringovernmentservice.Mr.McKnightsparticularexperience,tobesure,isunusual.But,hesaid,“Thereisabigcropofpeople,likeme,whogrewupinadifferenttimewhenpublicpolicyandpublicissueshavebeenatthecenterofthings.”,19.今年秋季，25岁的麦克奈特将前往肯尼迪学院学习该院与哈佛大学商学院共同推出的联合学位课程。他说，自己在某个阶段可能会在私营部门工作几年，不过他的终生职业规划仍然是政府公职。诚然，麦克奈特的这种特殊经历并不多见，但他说：“有许多人跟我一样，他们成长于公共政策和公共问题占据核心地位的一段不平常的时期。”,Para.20,20Atleadingbusinessschools,too,ashiftincareerpatternsisevident.Lastyear,64percentofthegraduatingclassfromtheDardenSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofVirginiawentintofinanceorconsulting.Graduationisstillacoupleofmonthsaway,butthatpercentagewillbewelldownthisyear,especiallyinfinance,saidJackOakes,directorofthecareerdevelopmentcenter.Jobsininvestmentbanking,forexample,arerunningatlessthanhalftheleveloflastyear,whilemorestudentsareshowinganinterestingovernmentjobs.,20.在一些著名的商学院，择业模式的转变也很明显。去年，弗吉尼亚大学达登商学院的毕业班中有64%的学生投身金融或咨询行业。现在距离学生毕业还有几个月时间，不过就业指导中心主任杰克奥克斯说，今年的这一比例会大幅下降，特别是在金融业方面。比如，投资银行的工作岗位数量不及去年的一半，与此同时，更多的学生表现出对政府公职的兴趣。,Paras.21-22,21PatriciaFoglesong,asecond-yearstudentatDarden,turneddownajobofferfromamajorconsultingfirm.Instead,sheisconsideringtwogovernmentjobs,onewiththeSecretServiceandanotherwiththeParkService.22“AmIgoingtobeafederalemployeeforthenext30years?Probablynot,”Ms.Foglesongsaid.“Butpublic-privatepartnershipsaregoingtobeincreasinglyimportantinalmostanyfield.Andthetimingisrighttodothis.”,21.达登商学院的二年级学生帕特里夏福格尔桑拒绝了一家大型咨询公司提供的工作机会。相反，她在考虑两个政府公职，一个在特工处，另一个在公园管理处。22.福格尔桑说：“今后30年我都将是一名联邦政府雇员吗？也许不会。但几乎在所有领域，公私之间的合作都会越来越重要。现在正是做这件事的时候。”,Question:(Paras23-27),Whatfactorscontributetotheriseofsciencesrankinginthepeckingorderofcareerstatus?,a.Thegovernmentputemphasisonsciencesbyprovidingmorefunds,b.Renewedinterestinscienceandtechnology,Para.23-24,23Thesciencescouldwellriseinthenewpeckingorderofcareerstatus.TheObamaadministrationwantstodoublefederalspendinginbasicresearchover10yearsandtriplethenumberofgraduatefellowshipsinscience.24Therearealreadysignsofarenewedinterestamongstudentsinscienceandtechnology.Forthefirsttimeinsixyears,enrollmentincomputerscienceprogramsintheUnitedStatesincreasedlastyear,accordingtoauniversitysurveylastmonth.AtStanfordUniversity,thenumberofstudentstakingtheintroductorycomputersciencecourseincreased20percentthisyear,saidEricRoberts,aprofessorofcomputerscience.,peckingorder：theorderofpowerorimportancewithinagroupofpeopleoranimals长幼尊卑制度,权势等级Theguyatthebottomofthepeckingordertakesshitfromeverybody.那个地位最低的家伙必须受每个人的气。Theybothcamefromfamiliesfairlyfardownthesocialpeckingorder.,23.科研领域的工作在新的职业地位等级排序中的位置可望大大提升。奥巴马政府打算在10年间将联邦政府拨给基础研究的经费增加1倍，并将科学领域研究生奖学金的数额增加2倍。24.目前已有迹象表明学生对科技领域重新产生兴趣。根据上月的一项大学调查，去年美国选修计算机科学课程的人数出现了增长，为6年来的首次。在斯坦福大学，计算机科学教授埃里克罗伯茨说，今年学习计算机科学基础课程的学生人数增加了20%。,Para.25,25“Whatweneedtodoistobroadlyeducateasmanypeopleaspossibleinscience,sothemosttalentedpeoplefindtheirwayintothefield,”Mr.Robertssaid.“ThatswhathappenedintheSputnikera.”,25.罗伯茨说：“我们需要做的就是广泛地培养尽可能多的人学习科学，这样最有才华的人就能进入这一领域。苏联人造地球卫星上天的时代就是这样。”,Para.26,26DonChamberlin,aprofessorofcomputerscienceattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSantaCruz,wasamemberofthe“Sputnikgeneration,”whenAmericanschoolchildrenwereencouragedtopursuecareersinscience,afterthelaunchofatinysatellitein1957appearedtogivetheSovietsaleadinmissiletechnologyusedinnuclearstrikes.Asateenager,heendangeredhisfamilygarageinCaliforniawithhisrocketkitsandlaterwentintothefledglingfieldofcomputerscience.HewasaleadingscientistinateamofIBMresearchersthatcreatedtheSQLdatabase,anunseentechnologythatnonethelessanimateseverycreditcardpurchaseandA.T.M.bankingtransaction.,animatev.,1.tomakesomeoneorsomethingmorelively,active,orinterested:使有生气/活泼,赋予生命,Sportsweretheonlythingthatreallyanimatedhim.anattempttoanimatethediscussion2.sb(to/withsth)inspireormotivatesb激励或鼓舞某人:animatesbtogreaterefforts,withadesiretosucceed激励某人更加努力争取胜利Animatedbyfreshhope,hestartedagain.他在新希望的激励之下,又从头做起.,26.位于圣克鲁斯的加利福尼亚大学计算机科学教授唐钱伯林是“苏联人造地球卫星一代”的一分子。当时美国鼓励小学生将来从事科研工作，源于此前苏联于1957年发射了一颗小型卫星，这似乎使苏联在可用于核打击的导弹技术领域占据了领先地位。当年十几岁的他曾用自制的火箭装置让自家位于加州的家中车库险些遭殃，后来他进入刚刚起步的计算机科学领域。他曾是IBM公司一个研究小组的首席科学家，该小组创立了结构化查询语言（SQL）数据库，这种技术虽然看不见摸不着，却促成了信用卡购物和自动提款机交易的实现。,Para.27,27Intheearly1960swhenhewaschoosingacareer,ProfessorChamberlinrecalled,technicalpeoplewererespectedandwellpaid.Money,hesaid,waspartoftheequation.“Butthebiggerpartofthemotivationforme,”hesaid,“wasthatIwouldbedoingexcitingandimportantworkandthatmycontributionswouldbeappreciated.”,theequation,allthedifferentaspectsthatyouhavetoconsiderinasituation:影响因素，考虑因素，综合体Inachoicebetweentheuseofrailandcar,thequestionofcostwillcomeinto/entertheequation.Thetouristindustryformsacrucialpartoftheregionseconomicequation.,27.钱伯林教授回忆说，他在20世纪60年代初选择职业时，技术人员受人尊敬而且收入丰厚。他说，金钱是综合考虑因素之一，“但对我来说更重要的动机是，我将从事激动人心而且重要的工作，我所作出的贡献会得到赞许。”,SentenceAnalysis,IntheSputnikera,studentspouredintothesciencesasAmericabetontechnologytocombatthecoldwarCommunistchallenge.(Para.1):Duringthecoldwar,AmericaandSovietUnioncompetedwitheachotherpoliticallyandeconomically.ThesatellitelaunchedbySovietUnionspurredAmericatomakealleffortstodeveloptechnology,whichattractedlargenumberofstudentstoengageinscientificareas.译文：苏联人造地球卫星上天的时代，美国倾力发展科学技术以便对阵冷战时期的共产主义挑战，学生们则又纷纷投身科学领域。,Sputnik:n.aRussianartificialsatelliteExamples:Sputnikisthefirstsatellitetoenterthegreatbeyondofspace.SputnikwasanimportantpropagandavictoryfortheSovietsinitscoldwarwiththeUnitedStates.pourinto:rushintoExamples:TheshopsandofficespourmillionsofworkersintothestreetatthistimeofdayIvepouredcoffeeintoyourcupbymistake,TheengineersoftheDepressionbuilteverythingfrominter-cityroadstotheHooverDam,whiletheSputnik-inspiredscientistswouldgoon,oftenwithresearchfundingfromthePentagon,tocreatethebuilding-blockinnovationsbehindmoderncomputingandtheInternet.(Para.2):DuringtheDepression,engineersplayedimportantrolesinbuildingnationalinfrastructure,butduringtheSputnikera,scientistsmadegreatcontributionstosuchmoderntechnologiesasthecomputerandtheInternet.译文：大萧条时期的工程师建造了各种各样的工程，从城际公路到胡佛大坝；而苏联人造地球卫星带动下的那些科学家则往往借助来自五角大楼的研究经费，再接再厉地创造了一项项支撑着现代计算机和因特网技术的基础创新。,buildingblocknC1.ablockofwoodorplasticforyoungchildrentobuildthingswith积木2.buildingblocksoneofthebasicpartsfromwhichsomethingismadeandwithoutwhichitcannotexist:基础材料，基石Lawsarethebuildingblocksofanorderlysociety.moleculesthatarethebuildingblocksofalllifeonearth,Andearlyindicationssuggestnewcareerdirectionsthataretetheredlesstothedreamofanimmediatesix-figurepaycheckonWallStreetthantothedemandsofanewpublicagendatosolvethenationsproblems.(Para.4):Theearlysignsshowusthat,comparedtothedreamofgaininghighsalariesintheWallStreet,newoccupationalchoiceswillbeconnectedmorewithgovernmentalaffairs.译文：一些初期的迹象表明，比之于即刻得到华尔街6位数薪水的梦想，新的职业方向将更多地与解决国家所面临问题的政府新行动计划的需要联系在一起。,tether:n.restraintconsistingofarope(orlightchain)usedtorestrainananimalExamples:Theastronautswalkedinouterspacewithoutatether.IvebeenlookingafterfouryoungchildrenalldayandIreallyamattheendofmytethervt.fastenwithatetherExamples:Hetetheredhishorsetoatree.Weshouldtetherourplantoourresources.,Still,theindustrywhosetroublesarehavingthegreatestimpactontherethinkingofcareers,especiallyatthenationseliteuniversities,istheoneatthecenterofthecountryseconomicdownturnfinance.(Para.6):Inthecountryseconomiccrisis,financeisthemostseriouslyhurtindustry,whichmakestheyoungpeoplerethinktheircareerpaths,especiallythosestudentsintheprestigiousuniversities.译文：不过，其困境对重新思考职业选择尤其是在美国的那些精英大学中产生最大影响的，还要属在美国经济衰退中处于核心位置的行业金融业。,Publicservice,government,thesciencesandeventeachinglooktobewinners,whilefewershiny,youngmindsareembarkingoncareersinfinanceandbusinessconsulting.(Para.8):Newpatternsofoccupationalchoicesappear.Publicservice,government,thesciencesandteachingaremuchmorepopularwiththebrightyoungmenthanfinanceandbusinessconsultingdo.译文：公共服务、政府部门、科研领域甚至教学工作看来会成为人们的上选，而从事金融和商业咨询类职业的青年才俊则要比过去少。,Forthehighest-paidbusinessfields,theoutlookisforatemperingcorrectioninsteadofanall-outexodus.(Para.9):Forthoseoccupationswithhighsalaries,thefuturetrendisamildrecessionrathert