2016年春季学期外研版八下英语知识归纳总结

1 / 64 2016 年春季学期外研版八下英语知识归纳总结 2016-2016 学年外研版初中八年级英语上知识点汇总 单词、短语、用法集萃 Module 1 How to learn English 一、必记单词 8. be good for 对 ?有好处 notebooks? 9. write to 给 ?写信 为什么不在 我 们 的 笔 记 本 上 记 下 错 误呢 ? 1、 Grammar n. 语法 10. a little 有点 4. Its a good idea to spell and pronounce new 2、pronunciation n. 发音 with sb. 同意某人 2 / 64 words aloud every day. 3、 practise v. 练习 12. talk to 跟 ?交谈 每天大声拼读生词是一个好主意。 4、 advice n. 意见 ;建议 5、 possible adj. 可能的 6、 aloud adv. 大声地 ;出声地 7、 improve v. 改进 ;改善 8、 suggest v. 建议 ;提议 9、 vocabulary n. 词汇 ;词汇量 10、 spelling n. 拼写 12、 understand v. 理解 ;明白 13、 should v. aux. 应该 14、 forget v. 忘 ;忘记 15、 agree v. 赞同 16、 quickly adv. 快地 ;迅速地 二、短语归纳 1. look up 查 ;查找 2. make a mistake 犯错误 3. talk about 谈论 ;讨论 4. speak English 讲英语 5. write down写下 ;记下 6. next to 在 ?旁边 ;紧挨 着 7. listen to the radio 听广播 13. send .to sb. 把 ? (发 ) 送给某3 / 64 人 14. ask for 请求 ( 给予 ) 15. watch films 看电影 16. be from 来自 17. smile at 冲 ? 微笑 18. go to bed 去 睡 觉 19. get up 起床 20. think about 考虑 21. make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友 22. take sb. around 带领某人参观 ? 23. a few 几个 ; 一些 24. invite sb. to 邀 请 某 人 到 ? 25. be good at 擅长 26. for example 例如 三、经典句型 1. We should always speak English in class. 在 课 上 我 们 应 该 总 是 讲 英 语 。 2. Lets try to speak English as much as possible. 让 我 们 尽 可 能 多 地 讲 英 语 。 3. Why not write down the mistakes in our 5. How about listening 4 / 64 to the radio? 听 广 播 怎 么 样 ? 四 、 用 法 集 萃 1. how+ to do sth. 如何做某事 2. try- to do sth. 尽力去做某事 3. practised doing sth. 练习做某事 4. a way/ways+ to do sth. 做某事的方法 5. forgets to do sth. 忘记去做某事 6. How about+ doing sth.? 做某事怎么样 ? 7. needy to do sth. 需 要 做 某 事 8. let sb. +do sth. 让某人做某事 9. enjoy+doing sth. 喜欢做某事 10. be afraid+ to do sth. 不敢做某事 11. should+do sth. 应该做某事 12. stop+to do sth. 停 下 来 去 做 某 事 13. Something+ 形容词 ?的事情 十 形 容 词 / 副 词 原 级 +as possible 尽 可 能 ? 5 / 64 sb.+to do sth. 建议某人做某事 + be+ 形容词 +(for sb.) 十 to do sth.(对某人来 1 说 )做某事是 ?的。 2. in fact 事实上 s a good idea+ to do sth.做某事是一个好主 3. in the 1980s 在 20世纪 80年代 意。 4. one day 有一天 dont we/you+do sth.?我们 /你(们 )为什么不 5. like+ to do sth.喜欢做某事 6. + be+形容词比较级十 than.?比 ?更加 ? 一、必记单词 1、 baseball， n.棒球 18. Why not 十 do sth.?为什么不做某事呢 ? 5. come from 来自 Module 3 Sports 6. lots of 许多 6 / 64 做某事呢 ? 7. be famous for 以 ?而闻名 20. suggest (that) sb,+ _ good advice! It s so helpful to us. (what / How) _ interesting the story is! (What / How) 2. nice:adj. 美味的，友好的，令人愉快的 nice weather: 好天气 be nice to sb.:对某人友好 a nice trip: 一次令人愉快的旅行 The cookie tastes nice. 这块饼干尝起来美味。 3. would like 比 want 语气更委婉。 -Would you like to stay here with us? - Yes, I d like / love to. 7 / 64 4. lovely: 令人愉快的，可爱的 修饰人或物 a lovely afternoon / girl lively: 活泼的，生动的 a lively lesson:一堂生动的 课 5. I m afraid that + 从句 : 恐怕 I m afraid that I can t come to your party tomorrow. 6. 1) a bit = a little:有点儿，有点 后接 / 形容词 / 副词 形容词 / 副词的比较级 I feel a bit thirsty now. After the rain, people feel a bit / a little cooler. 2) a little + 不可数名词： There is a little time left. a bit of + 不可数名词： There Is a bit of water in thebottle. 8 / 64 7. have a try: 试一试 have a / an + 名词 have a swim:游泳 have a break:休息 have a shower:洗沐浴 8. I have a sweet tooth. 我喜欢吃甜食。 9. be done: 做好了，完成了 done: adj. 做好了的，完成了 10. be sure + 从句： Are you sure what you said? Be sure of / about sth.: 对 确信 I m sure of / about the telephone number. be sure (not) to do. Sth.: 确保 / 务必做某事 Be sure not to miss the early bus. 11. lucky day:幸运日 You re a lucky boy. 你是一个幸运儿。 Good luck to you. 祝你好运。 9 / 64 Unit 2 1. thanks for = thank you for: 因 而感谢你 Thank you for / your help. sending me phots. 2. message: 口信、信息 take a message:捎个口信 leave a message: 留信 Information: 信息 a piece of information , some information 3. hear from sb. = get / receive a letter from sb. : 收到某人的来信 I heard from my uncle last week. = I got / received a letter from my uncle last week. 4. can t wait to do sth. : 等不及 / 迫不及待做某事 I can t wait to open the present. 10 / 64 5. quite: 1) quite a / an + 形容词 + 名词 quite a nice boy:一个相当好的男孩。 2） quite 修饰动词时放在动词前 He quite likes maths. 他很喜欢数学。 very: 1) a very + 形容词 + 名词 a very nice boy 2) very 与 much合在一起修饰动词时，位于句末。 He likes English very much. 6. sound like: 听起来 The music sounds very beautiful. 7. 1) sb. spend some time / money (in) doing sth.: 某人花费时间 / 钱做某事 Don t spend too much time (in) playing computer games. 2) sb. spend some time / money on sth. :某人花时间 / 钱在某事 /某物上 I spent ten yuan on this book. Many people spned their free time on their hobbies. 11 / 64 8. be proud of sb. / sth. : 以某人 / 某事为自豪 Parents are proud of their children. We re proud of our country. 9. be good at sth. / doing sth. = do well in sth. / doing sth. 擅长某事 / 做某事 I m good at English / swimming. = I do well in English / swimming. 10. How do you feel about ？ = What do you think of ? = How do you like ？ How do you feel about the film? = What do you think of the film? 11. in: 在多久之后，常用于将来时，对其提问用 how soon - How soon will you leave Beijing? - I ll come back in three days. 12. how to do things: 疑问词 + 不定式，在句中可作主12 / 64 语、宾语、表语 1) I don t know 疑问词加不定式作宾语时可以转换成宾语从句。 hasn t been decided. 3) His dream is how to be a good scientist. 4) I don t know 13. 1) be afraid of sb. / sth. : 害怕某人 /某物 I m afraid of doctors / dogs. 2) be afraid of doing sth.: 害怕做某事 I m afraid of flying / going out at night. 3) be afraid to do sth.: 害怕做某事 I m afraid to swim across the river. 4) I m afraid that: 恐怕 I m afraid that you must 13 / 64 study hard. 语法：表示感觉和知觉的系动词也称感官系动词 1. 五个表示感觉和知觉的系动词与眼、耳、口、鼻、手相关系。 look, sound, taste, smell, feel + 形容词 He feels tired after work. 2. 感官系动词后可接介词 like, like 后常接名词。 His idea sounds like fun . 3. 感官系动词的句型结构与 be 不同，其否定形式和疑问形式要借 助动词 do。 The food tastes delicious. 变成否定句 taste delicious. 变成一般疑问句 Does the food taste delicious? 4.持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，14 / 64 主要有 keep,remain,stay The weather will keep warm for 7 days. 5.变化系动词有 become, grow, turn, get, go 等。 书面表达 在英语学习中，与北京阳光中学的同学朝夕相处，其中Daniel 的善良和助人为乐等优秀品质给我们留下了深刻的印象。请根据下面提示，用英语写一篇短文。 提示： : helpful help old woman cross the road kind work at the Helping Hands Club creative creative a TV programme 点拨：人物介绍 典型事例 人物评价 My friend Daniel My friend Daniel comes from Beijing Sunshine Secondary 15 / 64 School. He has a round face and often wears a pair of glasses. He is good at playing computer games, but he dislikes sports. He has many good personal qualities. He is helpful. He often helps his classmates with the homework. He also helps old woman cross the road. He is kind to others. He works at the Helping Hands Club. He is creative. For example, he can create a TV programme. He is generous to his friends. He likes to share his things with them. So I want to be a person like Daniel from now on and get on well with everyone. Module 2 Experiences Unit 1 1. 1) enter = take part in = join in 参加 enter a competition: 参加比赛 2) enter = come / go into 进入 Please enter the classroom. 2. ever: 曾经、从来，用于现在完成时的一疑问句、否定16 / 64 句。 1) Have / Has sb. ever + done sth. ? 某人曾经做过某事吗？ Have you ever entered a club? 2) ever用于否定句， not ever = never 从来 She hasn t ever entered any competitions. 3. before adv. 以前 , 与现在完成时连用 ; 也可与一般过去时 /一般现在时连用 ,位于句末。 He came back before 10 o clock last night. 4. 1) afford: 买得起、付得起，常与 can, could, be able to 连用。 The house is too expensive. I can t afford it. 2) afford后跟动词不定式作宾语， can afford to / do sth.: 有 能 力 支 付 做 某 事 17 / 64 buy sth.: 买得起某物 I can afford to visit Shanghai this year. He is very poor and can t afford to buy a house in the city. 5. That s a pity. What a pity! 真遗憾！ It s a pity that: 太可惜了 It s a pity that you cant come to the party. 6. here , there , out, in 等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，主语是名词，句子要全部倒装； 如果主语是代词，句子则要部分倒装。 主语是名词 ) Here it is. Here you are. (主语是代词 ) 7. 不定式短语在句中作目的状语，位于句首或句中。 18 / 64 To catch the early bus, I get up early. (位于句首，其后有逗号 ) He studied hard to pass the exam. (位于主句后即句末 ) 8. She worried about her future. = She _ _ about her future. 9. make up: 编造，组成 be made up of: 由 组成 The basketball team is made up of 20 players. 10. 1) I hope that (宾语从句 ) 表示祝愿 : I hope that my dream will come true. 2) hope / wish to do sth.: I wish to become a doctor in the future. 3) wish sb. to do sth.: I wish you to come to my birthday party. 19 / 64 11. 1) invite sb. to do sth.: 邀请某人做某事 Lily invited me to see a film yesterday. 2) invite sb. to someplace: 邀请某人去某地 I ll invite Lilly to my party. Unit 2 1. 数词 -名词 -形容词：合成 /复合形容词，其中的名词必须用单数形式，只能放在名词前做定语，不能作表语。 2. one of + the 形容词最高级 + 名词复数形式：最 之一 The Yangze River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 3. move to sp.: 搬到某地 They are moving to Beijing in a month.他们一个月后要搬到北京。 ) send sb. to do sth.: 派遣某人做某事 They sent some scientists to work in Beijing. 20 / 64 2)send sb. to a place: 派某人去某地 The school sent Tom to Guilin. 3)send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.: 送 / 寄给某人某物 I sent Lily a book. = I sent a book to Lily. 5. the + 姓氏 s : 一家人， 夫妇 , 其作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 6. 1) has / have been to: 去过某地 (表示经历 )，人现在已回来，常与 ever, never，次数等连用。 I have been to Beijing twice. 我已去过北京两次了。 2) has /have gone to: 去某地了，不能用于第三人称。 - May I speak to Li Tao? 我可以和地涛通话吗？ - Sorry. He has gone to Beijing. 很抱歉。他去北京了。 3) has / have been in: 住在 / 在，是延续性动词短语，可以与时间段连用。 21 / 64 He has been in Shanghai / for ten years. since he worked . different from: 与 不同 many ways: 在许多方面 9. think / find / feel it + adj.(形容词 ) to do sth.: 觉得 / 认为 /感觉做某事 I think it important to learn English well. I find it boring to play computer games. 10. so far= up to now: 到目前为止， 常与现在完成时连用 ,位于句首或句末。 11. mix ?with?：把 ?和 ?混和在一起 我们有时可以把工作和娱乐结合起来。 12. 1) ask sb. (not) to do sth.: 要求 / 让某人做某事 22 / 64 Tom asked his mother to wake him up at seven o clock. 2) ask sb. about sth.: 向某人询问有关某事 ask ab. for sth.: 向某人要某物 Tom asked me about the homework. I asked Tom for a book. 话题写作： 请你介绍一下游览北京的经历，内容如下： 1.北京在中国的北方，每年有很多人到北京旅游； 2.来过北京多次，跑遍了北京城； 3.爬过长城，到过颐和园 (the Summer Palace)和故宫 (the Palace Museum); 4.拍下了很多照片，与外国人用英语交谈过。 Beijing is in the north of China. There are many places of interest there. A lot of people come to visit Beijing every year. I have been to Beijing many times. I have 23 / 64 traveled around Beijing. I have climbed the Great Wall. I have visited the Summer Palace and the Palace Museum. I have also had conversation with foreigners and I have taken lots of photos. It was an interesting experience. I had a good time there. Module3 Journey to space Unit 1 up to:忙于 2. 1) just: 刚刚，用于现在完成时，位于助动词后，实义动词前。 2) just now = a moment ago 刚才，常与一般过去时连用，位于句末。 I saw an old friend just now. 3. yet: 1) 。 2) ， not?yet 我还没看过这部电影。 already:已经，用于现在完成时的肯定句中，位于助动词 has / have 后 ,有时位于句末。 最新的消息 24 / 64 5. That s why?: 那就是 ?的原因 why 在此引导的是表语从句。 My bike was broken. That s why I was late for school. 6. discover: 发现本已存在的客观事物、科学上的新发现。 Columbus discovered America. 哥伦布发现了美洲。 7. 1) no one = nobody 没有人 , 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，只指人，不能指物。 2) None: 可以接 of短语，既可以指人也可以指物。 None of the coats is red. 8. in order to do sth.:为了做某事 ,表目的，位于句首或句中 ,可与 so as to do sth.相互转换。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. = In order to catch the first bus, he got up early. 25 / 64 9. 1) one day: 某一天，用过去 / 将来时 I 2) some day: 某一天 ，用一般将来时 I 3) The other day: 几天前，用一般过去时 Unit 2 1. there be 就近原则： be 动词与和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 there be 的一般将来时结构为： there will be 或 There is / are going to be There will be / is going to be a football match tomorrow. 在地球上 2016年中考复习之八知识点 Unit 1 What s the matter? 一、重点短语 26 / 64 1. have a (high) fever 发 (高 )烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽 3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多 5. drink enough water 6. have a (bad)cold 7. have a stomachache 8. have a sore back 9. have a very sore throat 27 / 64 10. lie down and rest 11. hot tea with honey 12. see a dentist 13. get an X-ray 14. take one s temperature 15. put some medicine on sth. oneself 17. feel very hot a headache 19. sound like 20. all weekend 28 / 64 21. in the same way breaks 23. go to a doctor 24. save an old man 25. go along 26. on the side of the road 27. shout for help 28. without thinking twice 29. get off 30. have a heart problem 31. to one s surprise 29 / 64 32. thanks to 33. in time 34. save a life an old man 36. get into trouble 37. right away 38. Because of+n. out of 喝足够的水 感冒 胃疼 背疼 喉咙非常痛 躺下来休息 加蜂蜜的热茶 看牙医 拍 X 光片 量体温 伤口上敷药 割伤某人自己 感到很热 患头疼 听起来像 整个周末 以同样的方式 休息 看医生 拯救一位老人 沿着 走 在马路边 大声呼救 没有多想、毫不犹豫 下车 有心脏病 30 / 64 使 .惊讶的 多亏了 ；由于 及时 挽救生命 撞了一位老人 造成麻烦 立刻；马上 由于 离 开 ;从 出萍 40. hurt oneself 受伤 down 摔倒 42. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 43. run it under water 在水流下冲洗 44. feel sick 感到恶心 45. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 46. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 31 / 64 47. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 his back 伤到了后背 for a few days 休息几天 hit on the head 头部挨打 51. have problems breathing 呼吸困难 hit by a ball 被球击中 53 get sunburned 晒伤 54. mountain climbing 登山运动 32 / 64 55. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 used to taking risks 习惯于冒险 57. run out (of) 用完 ;用尽 58. so that 以便 59. so. . . that 如此 以至于 60. be in control of 掌管 ;管理 61. in a difficult situation 在困境屮 one s life 丧命 33 / 64 off half his right arm 切除半边右臂 himself 给他自己包扎 65. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 66. make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth 做出决定 importance of making decision 做决定的重要性 68. take risks 冒险 mountain climbing 去爬山 70. give up 放弃 a serious accident 遇到严重的34 / 64 意外 72. talk about health problems 谈论健康问题 73. give advice 提建议 二、重点句型 1. What s the matter? What s the matter with you? = What s the trouble with you? = What s w