初高中衔接时态语态.doc

英语八种时态归纳复习 时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态问题倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。一、 一般现在时（一）定义表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning .She is at home .Where does your father work ?(二) 构成 主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es。(三）一般现在时练习题用动词的适当形式填空1.I like _ (swim).2.He _(read) English every day.3.We _(go)to school at seven in the morning.4.Mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning.5.My mother_(like) _(go) shopping.6.I can _(draw) many beautiful pictures.7.She_(make) a model plane.8.Do you _(like)_(run)?9.Does he_(like)_(jump) ?10.Does Nancy_(grow)flowers on Saturday ?二、 一般过去时（一）结构 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。基本结构否定句一般疑问句Be动词was/ were+notwas或were提前，放于句首行为动词didnt+do（动词原形）Did+主语+do（动词原形）注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词，其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由be动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasnt 或werent，变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首，句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如stayedwentvisited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词的前面加didnt，动词用原形；一般疑问句是把did提到句首，动词用原形。I was in Shanghai last year .I wasnt in Shanghai last year .Was you in Shanghai last year ?He went to the park yesterday . He didnt go to the park yesterday ? Did he go to the park yesterday ?（二）动词过去式的规则变化1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked2) 结尾是字母e 的动词加-d, 如 practice-practiced；3) 结尾是“辅音字母+y” 的动词, 变“y”为“i” 再加ed, 如study studied;4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped。不规则动词表Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tensecatch caught come camedo did draw drewdrink drank drive droveeat ate fall fellam is was are werebegin begun break brokebring brought build builtbuy bought can could（三）一般过去时练习题一、 写出下列动词的过去式1look 2. live 3. stop 4. carry 5.hope 6. trip 7. call 8. finish 9. want 10. are 11. go 12. have 13. do 14. get 15.come 16. say二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday9. We all _ (have) a good time last night.10. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)三、一般将来时（一）概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。There will be an English party next Saturday .We will come to see you tomorrow .（二）结构1、由will +动词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为ll。变否定句时，只需在will后加not，可缩写为wont 。在疑问句中，will需提前，构成will+主语+动词原形的结构。 He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。2、shall+动词原形（常用于主语为第一人称）I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。3、be going to+动词原形（打算、准备做某事） He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。一般将来时练习题一、单项选择( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. -_ you _ free tomorrow? - No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be二、动词填空1. I _（leave）in a minute. I _（finish）all my work before I _ （leave）.2. Marys birthday is next Monday, her mother _（give）her a present.3. It is very cold these days. It _（snow）soon.4. -_ you _（be）here this Saturday? -No. I _（visit）my teacher.5. -_ I _（get）you a copy of todays newspaper? -Thank you.四、过去将来时（一）概念表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个将来时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。例句：I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的。I said I would arrange everything. 我说我来安排一切。（二）过去将来时练习题一. 选择填空1. Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A. as; come B. was; would comeC. would be; came D. will be; come2. Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A. spent B. would spentC. was going to spent D. would spend3. What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A. will visit B. has visitedC. is going to visit D. would visit4. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A. to come B. is comingC. will come D. was coming5. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year.A. took B. would takeC. takes D. will take二. 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Miss Zhang said she _(visit) the Great Wall next summer.2. She told him that she _(not stay) here for long.3. I wasnt sure whether Lucy_(come) the next year.4. The scientists said the worlds population _ (slow) down in future.5. She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning.5、 现在进行时（一）概念 表示说话时刻正在进行的动作及行为，或者包括说话时刻在内的一段时间正在进行的动作。常用时间状语及标志词：now( at the moment ) , listen , look , this week , this evening , these days 等。（二）结构 由 Be(amisare) 动词ing 构成。 Listen , Someone is playing the piano in the next room .（三）动词的现在分词形式构成的几种方法： 1、一般在动词原形结尾直接加-ing 。read-reading ，go-going ，visit-visiting 2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing。 live-living, write-writing，make-making,take-taking3、以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这个字母再加-ing 。sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running,put-putting 4、少数几个以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加-ing。 die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying（四）现在进行时练习题一、 写出下列动词的现在分词：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_read_have_sing_dance_put_see_buy_love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_begin_shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing?She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is 6、 过去进行时（一）概念 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明，如：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。（二）结构 由was/were+动词-ing构成。 My family were watching TV at this time yesterday .（三） 过去进行时练习题一、用动词的适当形式填空1. While we _ (wait) for the bus, a girl _ (run) up to us.2. I _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ (come) in.3. Jim _ (jump) on the bus as it _ (move) away.4. We _ (test) the new machine when the electricity _ (go) off.5. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.二、 选择题1.I _ cooked a meal when you _ me.a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rangc. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang2.He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try3.While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearingc. watched, heard d. was watching, heard4.They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a. were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching5.What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, sawc. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing七、现在完成时（一）概念 现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含义是：现在我没有钱花了。)Jane has laid the table.(含义是：已可以吃饭了。) Michael has been ill.(含义是：现在仍然很虚弱。)（二）结构 助动词have /has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have 。（三）现在完成时练习题一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better二、句型转换1、The old man _ last year. He_for a year. (die) 2、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.3、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.4、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .5、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to Fra nce.八、过去完成时（一）概念 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一事件之前已经发生的动作或状态，即过去的过去。图示如下： -|- |-|- 过去完成 过去 现在将来（二）构成1、肯定句：主语+had过去分词When we got there, the football match had already started.2、否定句：主语+had not+过去分词He hadnt worked for two years by then.3、疑问句：had+主语+过去分词？Had he finished the work by last month?(三)过去完成时练习题1. 单项选择1He asked me _ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. Ahad cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked2.用动词的适当形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave). 4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.语态的归纳复习一、语态 英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示出来.二、被动语态的构成 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词一般现在时：am/is/ are +动词的过去分词 The house is cleaned every day. 一般过去时：was/were +动词的过去分词 He was tought a lesson yesterday.三、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤: They speak English.主语 谓语 宾语English is spoken by them.主语 谓语动词的过去分词 宾语 (1)主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。(2)主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语动词，即”“be+及物动词的过去分词”(be有时态、人称和数的变化)。(3)主动语态的主语变为by的宾语。Bell invented the telephone in 1876 . The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876 .四、被动语态的时态表示 被动语态的时态一般只通过be表现, 过去分词不变。例如：一般现在时: The trees are planted by the farmers.一般过去时: The trees were planted by the farmers.现在进行时: The trees are being planted by the farmers.一般将来时：The trees will be planted by the farmers.现在完成时：The trees have been planted by the farmers.含情态动词的被动语态：The trees can(must,should) be planted by the farmers.五、被动语态的几种句型：肯定句 主语+be+过去分词+(by)A sweet song was sung by her on the stage.否定句 主语+be+not+过去分词+(by)A sweet song wasnt sung by her on the stage.一般疑问句 Be+主语+过去分词+(by)Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage?特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by)Where was a sweet song sung by her?六练习: 请把下列主动句变为被动句1. The woman asked the policeman for help.2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.3. Do they use the box as a table?4. She sent me a collection last week.5. The teacher doesnt teach us math this term.定语从句一、概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。I love singers who write their own music. 先行词 关系词 定语从句I have an apple. An apple is red. I have an apple that is red. 修饰先行词 an apple I like singers. Sings write their own music. I like singers who write their own music. 修饰先行词 singers 主格 宾格 所有格 指代人 whothatwhom/whothatwhose指代物 whichthatwhichthatwhoseof which当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,关系代词可以省略。 He is the man who I met yesterday. I prefer noodles that is really delicious .Harry Potter is a boy who fights with the monster.二、用法：who/that 在从句中可担任主语或宾语.1. I love singers who (主语) write their own songs.2. He is the man who (宾语) I met yesterday.3. I like music that (宾语) I can dance to.4. I prefer a sandwich that（主语） is really delicious. Who/that 在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。 e. g. I prefer shoes that are cool.I have a friend who plays sports.用“who”或“that”填空。1.Do you know the woman _ is wearing a blue dress?2.The man _ is talking with my teacher is my father .3. That book is the one _ I bought yesterday .4. He is one of the workers _ is saved in that accident .5. They talked of the things and persons _ they remembered in the factory .宾语从句一、概念由一个句子充当宾语，我们称之为宾语从句。eg. I know the answer.(名词做宾语) I know that Tom gets the answer.(句子做宾语, 叫做宾语从句）二、宾语从句的连接词由陈述句变化而来用that引导, that可省略；由一般疑问句变化而来, 用if或whether引导；由特殊疑问句变化而来, 用该特殊疑问词引导。He said, “I like playing basketball.”He said that he liked playing basketball.He asked me, “Do you like playing basketball?”He asked