科技英语翻译与写作.ppt

科技英语翻译与写作,外国语学院张德贵zhdguiSharede-mail:sdauestCode:zhdgui,参考书目：,实用科技英语翻译研究西安交通大学出版社英语科技文献的语言特点与翻译上海交通大学出版社汉英科技翻译教程西北工业大学出版社,EGP/ESPEST,EVP,EOP,EAP,EBE,ESS,EGP:EnglishforGeneralPurposeESP:EnglishforSpecificPurposesEST:EnglishforScienceandTechnologyEVP/EOP:EnglishforVocational/OccupationalPurposeEAP:EnglishforAcademicPurposeEBE:EnglishforBusinessandEconomyESS:EnglishforSocialSciences,Objectives:,beawareofsomeknowledgeoflexicalanddiscoursefeaturesofESTgenres,criteriaofESTtranslation,thecommongrammaticalmistakesorerrorsinESTtranslationandwriting.PavethewayforstudentsfuturelearningofspecializedknowledgeinEnglishHelpconquerstudentsfearofencounteringlonganddifficultsentencesconcerningscienceandtechnology,研究生入学考试翻译试题,(46)Inphysics,oneapproachtakesthisimpulseforunificationtoitsextreme,andseeksatheoryofeverythingasinglegenerativeequationforallwesee.(47)Here,Darwinismseemstoofferjustificationforifallhumanssharecommonoriginsitseemsreasonabletosupposethatculturaldiversitycouldalsobetracedtomoreconstrainedbeginnings.,(48)Tofilteroutwhatisuniquefromwhatissharedmightenableustounderstandhowcomplexculturalbehavioraroseandwhatguidesitinevolutionaryorcognitiveterms.(49)Thesecond,byJoshuaGreenberg,takesamoreempiricalapproachtouniversalityidentifyingtraits(particularlyinwordorder)sharedbymanylanguagewhichareconsideredtorepresentbiasesthatresultfromcognitiveconstraints.,(50)Chomskysgrammarshouldshowpatternsoflanguagechangethatareindependentofthefamilytreeorthepathwaytrackedthroughit.,WhatisEST,EST(EnglishforScience,delete,examination,degree,laboratory,diameter,directory,department,1.3VocabularyFeatures,缩略词：由词组中某些词的词头字母（有时多于一个）所组成，作为一个词按照正常的规则发音,ROM,RAM,Radar,GIS,readonlymemory只读存储器,randomaccessmemory随机（存取）储存器,radiodetectingandranging；雷达,gasinsulatedstation气体绝缘变电站,geographyinformationsystem地理信息系统,1.3VocabularyFeatures,首字词：与缩略词类似，区别在于每个实词只取第一个字母，且必须逐字母念出,ACDCCDLEDIDIPUPSHVHVDCIEEIEEE,alternatingcurrent交流电,directcurrent直流电,compactdisc光盘，压缩磁盘,lightemittingdiode发光二极管,identificationcard身份证,uninterruptiblepowersupply不间断电源,highvoltage高压,highvoltagedirectcurrent高压直流,institutionofElectricalEngineers英国电气工程师协会,instituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers美国电气电子工程师协会,InternetProtocol,网际协议,缩写词：并不一定由某个词组的首字母组成。有些缩写词仅由一个单词变化而来，且大多数缩写词每个字母后都附有一个句点。,1.3VocabularyFeatures,appx.appendix附录；fig.figure图；sq.square平方；msg.message信息；amp.amplifier放大器；o.p.operationalamplifier运算放大器；,1.3VocabularyFeatures,混合法:由两个词汇的第一个词汇的前面几个字母和第二个词汇的后面几个字母结合在一起构成。,positronnegatron,字母外形法:对一些形状与字母外形相似的物体，可以利用连字符把字母和名词连接在一起组成新词汇。,X-rayX射线U-shapedmagnet马蹄形磁铁Y-directionY轴方向H-framestructureH型框架结构T-filterT型滤波器Y-connectionY(星)形连接,positiveelectron正电子,negativeelectron负电子,1.3VocabularyFeatures,人名法:对一些科学家、发明家所发现或发明的理论、方法、定理或定律、东西和物品等，用他们的名字组成新词。,Ohm欧姆,Volt伏特,Watt瓦特,Ampere安培,Hertz赫兹,Kelvin开尔文,Coulomb-库仑,1)小数，分数，百分数,1.4SymbolandFormula,0.1:zeropointone,pointone,opointone,onetenth,decimalone0.01:pointzeroone,10.35:tenpointthreefive,1/2:a(one)half1/3:athird1/4:onequarter1/8:aeighth2/3:two-thirds,twooverthree,twodividedbythree3/4:three-fourths,threequarters3%:threepercent0.2%:pointtwopercent5:fivepermill,2)幂（power）根（root）,xtothesecondpower,1.4SymbolandFormula,:xsquare,xsquared,thesquareofx,thes