英语专业八级写作专项训练.ppt

英语专业八级写作专项训练（1）,1.概况,1.英语专业八级写作要求考生能根据所给题目要求撰写各类体裁的文章,文章长度约400个单词,能够做到内容充实,语言通顺,用词愉当,表达得体.分值为20分,时间为45分钟.2.TEM8作文评分标准根据考生的思想与表达,语言运用能力和写作规范分别打分.分项可以打0.5分.,思想与表达满分为10分,按考生的表现赋分:1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10极差较差一般良好优秀语言运用能力满分为8分,按考生的表现赋分:1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8极差较差一般良好优秀写作规范满分为2分,按考生的表现赋分:0.5-1-1.5-2较差一般良好优秀P.S:空白卷,仅写了一些与任务无关的字句,仅仅照抄指导语得0分.,思想与表达ideasandarguments(10分),内容切题,内容充实,观点明确,论据支持论点,有独到见解表达清晰流畅,有说服力篇章组织结构:每段有主题句;句间衔接自然;段间过渡自然;第一部分明确提出观点;最后一部分自然得出结论;段落排列自然合理,语言运用能力languageuse(8分),准确性:语法正确;句子结构正确;固定搭配正确;习语正确;用词准确丰富性:词汇丰富;句子形式多样得体性:语气恰当;语言地道流利度:完成规定词数,写作规范mechanics(2分),单词拼写正确标点符号正确大小写正确书写美观卷面整洁,1.审题及构思(10分钟)必须在头脑中想出或写下(outline):A.中心论点(thesisstatement)B.三个分论点(threearguments)2.动笔写作(30分钟)A.在开头中一定要表明自己的观点(中心论点)B.三个分论点分别作为三个中心段落的主题句,置于段首,并由过渡词引导.C.结尾重申论点3.检查及润色(5分钟)A.检查开头,结尾及主题句有无拼写及语法错误;B.不要大涂大改!一定要保持卷面美观,整洁.,2.写作步骤及时间分配,如何在10秒钟内虏获阅卷老师?,老师们的阅卷过程是郁闷枯燥的。使自己的文章在大约1分钟的阅读时间内，迅速地在他们的脑海中形成较多的兴奋点，是至关重要的。1.卷面的设置。要想让阅卷老师对你的作文试卷有一种赏心悦目的感觉，作文的排版应该不多于2/3，不少于1/3，要留有余地.2.不要涂鸦.不要将卷面写得密密麻麻。字体不要过大或过小更不要此处一个伤,别处一个疤!能做到1.2,阅卷老师在两秒钟内已经对你有好印象了!,3.如何让阅卷老师爱上你的试卷,毫不吝啬地下高分?构思一个前无古人,后无来者而又合情合理,天衣无缝的中心句(thesisstatement).P.S:当然,英雄的出世,要有时代的渲染和衬托.在提出中心思想前,要用美仑美奂,精彩纷呈的语句为其出场营造氛围.,3.审题与构思,所谓审题，就是通过阅读写作题目及相关信息或要求，正确领会题目的含义，了解题目要求，为构思合乎具体写作要求的文章框架打下基础。英语专业八级写作测试项目具有鲜明的特色：观点、情景、标题、写作要求具有内在的联系，构成一个整体。因此，审题就意味着不是仅仅浏览一下标题，而是要兼顾其它部分。只有这样，才能真正明确写作目的，领会写作要求。提高审题的准确性有利于学生理解题目含义，了解写作要求，进而有针对性地构思作文内容、布局等。,审题步骤,1.读懂提示句(不要陷入出题陷阱)Somepeopleclaimthatcompetitionismoreimportantthanco-operationinthepresent-daysociety.Howfardoyouagreewiththesepeople?Youaretowriteacompositionofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic:Competitionorco-operation要求是:在多大程度上赞同这些人的看法,或者在多大程度上不赞同这些人的看法.因此,在提出自己论点时要加上表示程度的语句,同时最好要提及不赞同另一点的原因,Thesisstatement:Iwould,insupportofthelatterview,extremelyexceedinglywhollyentirelydrumforthecontentionthatcompetitionbearsmorevaluethancooperationinthecurrentsituation.,立意要健康，否则，若引起阅卷老师反感，就杯具了OnstudentloverslivingtogetherYouareleftwithoneandtheonlychoice:Personally,Idontthinkitisadvisableforcollegestudentloverstolivetogetherawayfromcampus.,2.有的作文给了文章标题，有的需考生自己提供。对于给出标题的，一定不能光看标题，而要将标题和提示句相结合以找到最好的切入点Somepeoplesimplyseeeducationasgoingtoschoolsorcolleges,orasameanstosecuregoodjobs;mostpeoplevieweducationasalifelongprocess.Inyouropinion,howimportantiseducationtomodernman?（2000）标题：EducationasaLifelongProcess,Thesisstatement:Personally,Isidewiththebeliefthatthenewconceptofeducationasalifelongprocessmakesgreatersensetomodernpeople.,不要急于动笔，深思熟虑后方能写出拿到对得住自己的分数的作文10分钟构思,THESISSTATEMENT,立意深远，否则阅卷老师会产生“审美疲劳”从事件引申到本质，从而探讨某一领域比如：幼儿园校车事故公务员打父亲从一个范畴引申到另一范畴比如：“非诚勿扰”等相亲节目，学术做假可引申到社会，经济，文化，道德等领域。在全球化的今天，要学会用全球化的视野分析问题,Arethesentencessuitable?,LastwinterIvisitedanoldman.ThehighestmountaininmyhometownisMounttai.Climbingmounttaicanbeveryinteresting.Idomorningexerciseseveryday.Imgoingtodiscussthegenerationgapinourcountry.The“post-80s”generationhaschangedhistory.Myparentshelpedmegrowinthreeimportantways.Nowadayscarsareplayinganimportantroleinthemodernlife,butatthesametime,theyhavealsocausedmanyproblems,whichforcepeopletofindwaystosolvetheproblems.,Howtostateyourview?,DrumforI,personally,yieldtotheconceptthatinaccordwithmyviewaptlyillustratemypointofviewAllstrengthfailstochallengemysupportforthiscontentionNothingcanunderminetheimportanceof,本次课后，请每个同学设计一句表达自己观点的中心句。尽量不要雷同，现在准备好，以后每次考试都可以用啦别告诉别人哦,请给出你的立意,Livingoncampusoroffcampus?,3.按照要求，对文章结构进行规划。Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldpresentyourthesisstatement.andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthethesisstatementwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriacy.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.WriteyourresponseonANSWERSHEETFOUR.,以中心思想为基准,衍生三个分论点(分论点一定要凝练general;切忌分论点间的重复(或者覆盖）!主题句措词必须相当养眼,拒绝单调,绝不平凡)你觉得下一个提纲如何？tostartwith,competitionisapervasivenecessitythatgrowsoutofthemoderntimes.moreover,competitionisthesourceofgreaterdynamicpowerthancooperationtoday.Finally,competitionhelpsthestakeholderstoraisethebarofexpectation.,beconduciveto,emergesfrom,Whataboutthisone?,Toponthelist,competitionactivatespotentiality.Inthesecondplace,competitionfosterszealandzest.Lastbutnotleast,competitioncultivatesingenuityandcreativity.,这套推理还可应用于。,PersistenceFailuresDiscontentDreamsReadingAdventuresP.S:allthetopicsareaboutabstractinvisibleobjects.,In-classpractice,Whichismorebeneficialtopeople,successorfailure?,因此。,平时要善于总结优美的逻辑性强的推理并进行背诵今个这种对于抽象事物的推理方法背下来了吗？,案例分析,中心思想：Personally,Isidewiththebeliefthatthenewconceptofeducationasalifelongprocessmakesgreatersensetomodernpeople.分论点：Inthefirstplace,thesortofformaleducation,orschooling,isnolongeradequateforourprofession.Equallyimportant,thesortoffixedschoolingcannotsatisfythegrowingneedsofourdailylife,either.,问题,1.看分论点有没有重复?2.主题句要正式，简练。切忌拖泥带水，冗长WORDY。thesortof,or,toocolloquial3.逻辑问题A，B，二选一A不好=B好？,TheImpactoftheInterneton(2001),TheInternetisabouttotakeoffinChina.Asmanyas9millionpeopleareonline,anumberthatisestimatedtohit20millionbytheendof2000.Itispredictedthatthisphenomenalgrowthwillhavegreatimpactonoursocietyandeconomy.Chooseoneaspectofoursocietyoreconomywhereyouthinktheimpactwillbemoststronglyfelt.Writeanessayabout300wordsentitled.Theimpactoftheinterneton.Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldpresentyourthesisstatement.andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthethesisstatementwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriacy.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.WriteyourresponseonANSWERSHEETFOUR.,审题与构思范例,标题：TheimpactoftheInternetonourinterpersonalcommunication中心思想：Tomymind,itsimpactupontheinterpersonalcommunicationinoursociallife,amongothers,willbemostkeenlyfelt.结构：Tobeginwith,theInternetcanremarkablyfacilitateourinterpersonalcommunication.Secondly,theInternetcangreatlyspeedupourinterpersonalcommunication.Thirdly,theInternetcanlargelyeconomizeourinterpersonalcommunication.,这套推理还可以用于。,E-booksThetopbreakthroughsofthe21stcentury(telephone,TV,plane,etc.)InformationageComputersP.S:allthepreviouslymentionedobjectsareborninthetechnologicalageandmostofthemaretangiblebenefits.,In-classpractice,Havewebeenisolatedbycomputers?,Practice,Recentlyagroupofcollegegirlsarousedaheateddebateinthestatesbecausetheyworeflip-flapswhenvisitingthewhitehouse.whilethegirlsthinktheirchoicewasok,manycriticizedthemofbeingtoodisrespectful.HereinChina,aboystudentsuedafemaleclassmatewhositinfrontofhiminanimportantexaminationbecausesheworetoolittle,whichdistractedhimsomuchthathefailedintheexam.Doyouthinkuniversitystudentsnowhavesufficientawarenessofwhatispropertowear?Doyouthinkuniversityshouldmakeanexplicitdresscodeforstudents?Writeacompositionof400word.Youshouldsupplyatitleforyouressay.,10minutesforyou,Tick,tickAfterthoroughreflection,wewilltracethebenefitsofdresscodefromvariousaspects.Firstofall,strictdresscodecanavoiddistractionssothatstudentscanfocusbetterontheirstudy.Secondly,strictdresscodecanshowrespectforteachersandclassmates.Moreimportantly,strictdresscodecanteachstudentstheimportanceofproperdressinginthefuture.Therefore,theuniversityadministratorshavethedutytomakeandenforcedresscodeoncampus.,历年真题分类,题目通常用一句话或若干句话引出写作话题,然后对写作任务进行限定,如说明写作目的,读者对象等.由于包含对写作任务的各种限制条件,如果误读就可能会导致整个任务失败.,写作文体,专八作文主要有两种写作文体:1.说明文OneMajorProblemintheProcessofUrbanization(1998)TheImpactoftheInterneton(2001)TheMostImportantPesonalQualityofaUniversityStudent(2002)说明文就是用语言把事物的性质,特征,成因,关系,功能,用途等解释清楚的过程.说明文一般用于解释事物,事件或思想.,说明文写作方法,目的:使人明白写作意图,解释说明某一对象.因此,最重要是让读者明白作者的立意.因此,要在第一部分阐述清楚写作对策:组织结构要合乎逻辑多举例说明下定义阐释对比与对照说明原因和结果说明引说说明,OneMajorProblemintheProcessofUrbanization(1998),Nowadayswiththedevelopmentofeconomy,existingcitiesaregrowingbiggerandnewcitiesareappearing.WhatdoyouthinkisONEofthemajorproblemsthatmayresultfromthisprocessofurbanization?Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.ONEMAJORPROBLEMINTHEPROCESSOFURBANIZATIONInthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldpresentyourthesisstatement.andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthethesisstatementwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriacy.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.WriteyourresponseonANSWERSHEETFOUR.,如何确立主题?,只要写一个问题看到题目,要用发散思维,在纸上多列出一些城市化的问题再一个个划去别人都能想到的,最后得出一个最具新意的问题.最有新意的想法就是和自己最息息相关的想法.主题只能有一个,而且要用陈述句表达.singleissimple,doubleistrouble!环境问题经济问题城市病农村与城市的差距越来越大留守儿童农二代确定文章中心后再从几方面进行说明,用总说-分说-总说的结构,列出文章的提纲.,Thesisstatement:Amongnumerousproblemsbroughtforthbyurbanization,Ithink,thepoorsecondgenerationissuchaproblemofourmajorconcern.Outline:Foronething,theeducationofthepoorsecondgenerationhasbeenseverelydisturbedbyurbanization.Whatsmore,thementalhealthofthepoorsecondgenerationhasbeendeterioratedalongwithurbanization.,当提出一个新的名词时，一定要进行解释。“穷二代”是什么？我的定义：父母都是农民，无稳定工作，靠在城市打工维持家用。“thepoorsecondgeneration”inmyeyesreferstothosewhoseparentsdonthavestableincomeandhavetotoilincitiestomakeendsmeet.,与“人”相关的推理。,Foronething,thephysicalconditionofshouldbyallmeansarouseourmajorconcern.Moreover,thementalhealthofshouldbegiventhetopprioritybyallwalksoflife.,Moreabout“people”,Tobeginwith,shouldequipthemselveswithprofoundprofessionalskills.Secondly,communicationskillsareinprinciplecriticaltotheultimatesuccessof.Finally,spersonalqualitiesisultimatelyvitaltofutureorientation.,Letstry,Itssaidthathavingonlyoneadvantageisnotenoughtocomeofffirstinthishighlycompetitivetimes;therefore,moreappropriatedescriptionofatalentisonecharacterizedbyhisorhermasteryofatleasttwokindsofskills,besideshavingacomprehensivegraspofexpertise.Whatisyouropiniononthisissue?Writeanessayofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic:ModernconceptsofTalent,TheMostImportantPesonalQualityofaUniversityStudent(2002),Allofuswouldagreethatinordertobesuccessfulinthepresent-daysociety,weuniversitygraduateshavetopossesscertainpersonalqualitiesthatcanenableustorealizeouraim.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantqualityofauniversitygraduate?Writeacompositionofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic:,中心：Personally,Iwouldliketoarguethatadaptabilityoutweighstheothersnowthattodayssocietyrunsinastateofflux.大纲：Tostartwith,amobilesocietydemandstalentswhocaneasilyadapttothedevelopmentofthenewsociety.Secondly,auniversitygraduateshouldbeabletosurviveinnewsurroundings.Moreover,asinterpersonalrelationsplayanimportantpartinpeoplescareer,universitystudentsalsoneedtoknowhowtoquicklyadjustthemselvesassotobeongoodtermswithwhatevercolleaguestheymayworkwithinthefuture.,Thisisanambushho.ho.,Haveyoufoundsomeproblemsinthisoutline?1分论点有重合之嫌2分论点拖沓，冗长，不简练3分论点措词不唯美,2.议论文ShouldUniversityStudentsGoinforBusiness?(2004)AreDialectsJustasAcceptableinPublicPlaces?(2009)议论就是用逻辑推理来阐明作者立场和观点的过程.是专八写作最常见的题型.最常用的推理类型为“总-分-总”.,从写作任务看,大致可分为两类:一是对某一问题或现象或对象的看法;Somepeoplethinkthatfinalcialdisparityaffectsfriendship.Whatdoyouthink?Writeanessayabout400words.(2007)二是从关于某一话题的不同观点中选择一个并予以支持.CompetitionorCo-operation(1999)二选一时，最好只选一方。不要两者都同意！但是，一定要提及另一方。,ShouldUniversityStudentsGoinforBusiness?(2004),Itwasreportedinthepresssometimeagothatafewsecond-andthird-yearstudentsinaprovincialuniversitydecidedtotrytheirhandatbusinessinordertogetpreparedforthefuture.Theyopenedsixsmallshopsneartheiruniversity.Theirteachersandclassmateshaddifferentopinionsaboutthisphenomenon.Somethoughtthatstudentstimeandenergyshouldbedevotedtotheiracademicstudy.Whatdoyouthink?Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic:,想想能不能用到前面提到的关于“人”的推理来列提纲？,Whatdoyouthinkofthisone?Therefore,inmyopinion,universitystudentsshouldnotgoinforbusinessbecauseofthefollowingtworeasons.Firstly,universitystudentsusuallyhaveaheavytaskoftheoreticalstudy.Secondly,acompletesocialservicenetworkhasbeenestablishedoncampus,andthestudentsusuallyhavenochancetocompetewiththesupermarketswhichofferedmuchbetterserviceandcommoditiesofhighquality.,Interviewisfrequentlyusedbyemployersasameanstorecruitprospectiveemployees.Asaresult,therehavebeenmanyargumentsfororagainsttheinterviewasaselectionprocedure.Whatisyouropinion?Writeanessayofabout400wordstostateyourview.（2005）,Myviewofinterviewasaselectionprocedure(2005),想想能不能用到前面提到的关于“人”的推理来列提纲？,AreDialectsJustasAcceptableinPublicPlaces?(2009),Mandarin,orputonghua,isthestandardservicesectorlanguageinourcountry.Butrecently,employeesatabigcityssubwaystationhavebeenbusylearningdialectsofotherpartsofthecountry.Proponentssaythatusingdialectsinthesubwayisawaytoprovidebetterservice.Butopponentsthinkthatencouragingtheuseofdialectsinpubliccountersthenationalpolicytopromoteputonghua.Whatisyouropinion?Writeanessayofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic:,与文化相关的推理。,Tobeginwith,asaculture,entailsrespectandrenown.Moreover,asaculture,isworthpreservingandpropagandizing.,MoreaboutCulture,Firstly,culturematerializestheinvisiblestrengthandservesasthedrivingforcefortheeconomy.Secondly,culturedefinesthefutureandpeoplesfateofasociety.Finally,cultureguaranteesthestabilityofanationspolitics.,先进健康的文化对社会有巨大的促进作用，反之亦然。文化与经济相互联系，相互影响经济是基础，经济决定文化，文化是经济的反映；文化反作用于经济，文化对经济有巨大的影响（经济雄厚，文化强势）文化与政治相互联系