英语专题之短文改错与书面表达(修改).ppt

Inoureverydaylives,ifwemakesomemistakes,weshouldcorrectthem,andthenwearestillagoodfellow.ChairmanMaoswords,高考短文改错解题方略,Contents,高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则,高考短文改错命题特征及命题趋势,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,高考短文改错真题实战演练,本题满分10分，给出一篇约100个单词的短文，文中有10处错误，要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错误即将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面的错误。,注意答题说明及答题规范,Introduction,文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加（1-2个）在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除（1-2个）把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。不计分。修改（6-8个）在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2、只允许修改10处，多者（丛第11处起）不计分。,注意答题说明及答题规范,纵观近年高考英语短文改错题，学生和老师都认为难度不大，然而，每年高考中还是有不少考生对此题深感头痛，主要原因是：考生的英语基础知识不扎实.考生缺乏对短文改错命题特点的了解和做题规律方法的总结.,Problems,动词形，名词数还要注意形和副非谓语，细辨别介词短语要牢记,代词格，细领悟句子成分多分析冠词连词常光顾逻辑错误须关注,ALimerick,错误主要集中在动词的时态、语态，主谓一致等方面。,【2014辽宁卷】Thismorningshestartsbarkingevenbefore5oclock.【2014浙江卷】Beforelong,atraininspectorcomestocheckouttickets.,started,came,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,动词形,【2012全国课标卷】WhenItearapartmyfifthbirthdaytoyagain,myfathersaid,“Thatsit.Nomoretoysforyou.”【2013四川卷】Goodnightandremember,you,deardiary,ismyonlysouvenirformmypastlifeandmyonlyfriend.,tore,are,解决方案(1)通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律.(2)结合语境，灵活运用时态形式.(3)认真推敲，准确把握主动与被动.,【2014全国课标卷】Sincethenforalltheseyearwehavebeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.【2014辽宁卷】WehavecalledseveraltimeaboutCleosearlybarking.,times,years,名词爱考数与格，也要分清可不可,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,名词数,【2013新课标1卷】Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktograyovertheyears.【2013新课标2卷】WhenteagotpopularinBritain,therewasacryingneedforgoodcupwithhandlestosuitBritishhabits.【2013辽宁卷】Isawhimlyinginbed,lookingatsomeofthepicturewehadtakentogether.,pictures,shoulders,cups,1.修饰名词用形容词；2.修饰动词，形容词，副词及整个句子时用副词；3.比较级和最高级的使用。,【2014全国课标卷】Thefruitaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.【2014全国课标卷】Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost.,wonderful,tasty,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,还要注意形和副,【2012陕西卷】Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.【2012全国课标卷】IlearnedinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.,comfortable,less,【2014辽宁卷】Wearehopingtosettlesomethingthatbotherstous.【2014浙江卷】Dontpanicorgetoutofline,andtryingtoremainquiteandcalm.,主要错误为三种：非谓语的混淆；不定式to的遗漏或多用；非谓语与谓语动词的混淆。,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,非谓语，细辨别,try,【2013陕西卷】Felthungry,webuiltafirebythelakeandbarbecuedthefish.【2013四川卷】SuddenlyMary,mybestfriend,askingmetolethertocopymyanswers.,Feeling,asked,解决方案(1)纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所作的句子成分.(2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能.(3)前后联系，整体把握.,intheneedsuchmanypeopleinhurryinashortinSundayafternoon,a,on,so,介词多半考搭配,多、漏、误用想周到,介词、短语要牢记,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2014全国课标卷】Asresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.【2014辽宁卷】Butwedohopethatyoucanfigureagoodwayofsettlingthematter.【2014四川卷】Today,Iamgoingtotalkwithwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.,a,out,about,【2013新课标1卷】Hewastall,withbroadshouldersandabeardthatturnedfromblacktowardgrayovertheyears.【2013全国新课标2卷】Interestingly,ithadaconnectionbytheBritishPorcelainindustry.,with/to,into/to,【2013辽宁卷】Everyday,hespendstoomuchtimewithhiswork.【2013浙江卷】Tomakemattersbad,nowIhavetosharearoomwithmyyoungersister,Maggie.【2013辽宁卷】Yesterdayafternoon,IpaidvisittoMr.Johnson.,on,worse,a,解决方案(1)平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆.(2)强化语法训练，分清连词，副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能.(3)语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来.,人称代词的性别，单复数及代词格的误用；物主代词，反身代词以及不定代词的误用；“it”一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中或作形式主语或宾语)；Whose和whos，its和its的混淆,代词方面的错误主要体现在：,代词格，须领悟,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,I,me,we,us,you,you,you,you,he,him,she,her,it,it,they,them,【2012陕西卷】ItissuchagreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingtoBeijing.【2012浙江卷】IknewtheywouldbeworriedaboutmyselfbecauseIwassofaraway.【2013新课标1卷】Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown.,me,mine,him,解决方案(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。(2)系统掌握it的各种用法.(3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。,句法涉及到一致,从句多考引导词（误用，多用或遗漏）,【2014辽宁卷】Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.,has,句子成分多分析,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2014年四川卷】Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingorhurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.【2012全国课标卷】Butbeforelongtheybegantoseewhichwashappening.,what,【2012陕西卷】WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectionintheroom.【2013新课标2卷】Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8oclockatnight.,was,which,解决方案（1）不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；（2）不同的语境要选择不同的词语。（3）只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。,冠词在前“错”“多”“少”。常考的错误形式有：冠词the,a,an的误用，多用或少用。,【2014辽宁卷】Besides,Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.【2013四川卷】Theteachergotangrybecausewehadsameanswers.,an,冠词、连词常光顾,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,the,连词常考but，and，or,so等的逻辑错误，以及搭配错误。,【2014全国课标卷】Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.,yet/或去掉,短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳,【2012浙江卷】Heworkedhard,butitwasntsurprisingthathepasstheexam.【2013新课标1卷】Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimapartfromothersinoursmalltown,hewasstrongandpowerful.,and/so,and,【2013辽宁卷】Withlittlesleepandhardlyanybreak,soheworksfrommorningtillnight.【2013浙江卷】HisnewjobmeantIhadtosaygoodbyetomyclassmates,myschoolorjusteverythingelseIloveintheworld.,and,【2014辽宁卷】Weappreciateourapologiesandgoodwill,butwedohopethatyoucanfigureoutagoodwayofsettlingthematter.【2014四川卷】Ifitsafalsealarmandthereisnofire,yourteacherwillleadustotheclassroom.,you,your,逻辑错误须关注,词法句法均未错,逻辑推理来寻找。主要是句子之间逻辑关系的矛盾，代词在人称上的不一致等。,【2013新课标1卷】However,hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown.【2013四川卷】Afterthinkingforsometime,Ilethercopymyanswers.Butafterthetest,allofuswerecalledtotheteachersoffice.,ever,both,三步,高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则,通读全文，把握大意细读全文，仔细斟酌再读全文,复核审查,六原则,以在有错行改动一词为原则.以改变实词形式为原则.以单词形式变化最小为原则.以添加或删除虚词为原则.以多“改正”少“添删”为原则以保持原意不变为原则,高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则,四不改,标点符号不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改。单词拼写不改。,高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则,MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeHotelforaweekwhenwevisitBeijinglastmonth.Itisinthedowntownarea,butitiseasytogotoanywherefromthehotelbypublictransport.Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectionintheroom.Icheckedmyemailmessageseveryday.IalsosharedformyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices,andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingtoBeijing.,【2012陕西卷真题】,高考短文改错真题实战演练,MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeHotelforaweekwhenwevisitBeijinglastmonth.Itisinthedowntownarea,butitiseasytogotoanywherefromthehotelbypublictransport.Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectionintheroom.,visited,so/and,comfortable,was,【2012陕西卷解析】,Icheckedmyemailmessageseveryday.IalsosharedformyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices,andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingtoBeijing.,with,taken,dishes,a,mine,【2012陕西卷解析】,DearDiana,Thankyouforthelovelydaywehavewithyou.ItwassokindtoryoutoletusbringAnnesfriend.Gina.Unfortunate,theonlyproblemwasthejourneyhome.Therehadbeenaterribleaccidentonthehighwayand,foraresult,therewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmile.Intheend,wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.InthecarparkGinanearlygotknockedoverasacardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.TheyfinallydroppedGinaoffatherparentsandmadeourownwaytohome.,【2012辽宁卷高考真题】,DearDiana,Thankyouforthelovelydaywehavewithyou.ItwassokindforyoutoletusbringAnnesfriend.Gina.Unfortunate,theonlyproblemwasthejourneyhome.Therehadbeenaterribleaccidentonthehighwayand,foraresult,therewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmile.,had,of,Unfortunately,as,miles,【2012辽宁卷解析】,Intheend,wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.InthecarparkhereGinanearlygotknockedoverascardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.TheyfinallydroppedGinaoffatherparentsandmadeourownwaytohome.,a,until/till,we,there,【2012辽宁卷解析】,Twoyearsbefore,ItraveledtoBrazilandIrentedforacar.Unfortunate,Ihadanaccidentandhitanothercar,andIneededtostayinahospitalforatleasttwoweek.1calledmyparents,soIdidnottellthemwhathadhappened.IknewthattheywillbeworriedaboutmyselfbecauseIwassofartheraway,andthatmymotherwouldnotsleepifsheknew.Therefore,ItoldtheminterestedstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazilAsaresult,nobodyknewtruth.Istillthinkthatitwastherightthingtodo.,【2012浙江卷高考真题】,高考短文改错真题实战演练,Twoyearsbefore,ItraveledtoBrazilandIrentedforacar.Unfortunate,Ihadanaccidentandhitanothercar,andIneededtostayinahospitalforatleasttwoweek.1calledmyparents,soIdidnottellthemwhathadhappened.,ago,Unfortunately,weeks,but,【2012浙江卷解析】,IknewthattheywillbeworriedaboutmyselfbecauseIwassofartheraway,andthatmymotherwouldnotsleepifsheknew.Therefore,ItoldtheminterestedstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazilAsaresult,nobodyknewtruth.Istillthinkthatitwastherightthingtodo.,would,me,far,interesting,the,【2012浙江卷解析】,短文改错打油诗,短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错/多/少”。动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了。连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。介词多半考搭配，多漏误用想周到。句法涉及到“一致”，从句多考关系词。词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。“127”惯常比，回读复查敲定稿。,改错方式比例：通常一个多词，两个缺词，七个错词,高考书面表达解题方略,Contents,高考书面表达命题特征及评分原则,影响作文分数之四大因素,高考作文回顾及写作模板与句式,备考策略,考生应能准确使用语法和词汇语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接的影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准的一项重要内容。使用一定的句型，词汇，清楚连贯的表达自己的意思任何一篇文章都有一个主体，作者应该围绕该主题，借助一些句型，词汇的支持，清楚，连贯的表达意思。,高考考试大纲的说明对写作所提的要求是：,Introduction,【评分原则】,1、先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定档次。,第五档.2125分第四档.1620分第三档.1115分,第二档.610分第一档.15分0分,语意连贯且结构完整，叙述事情或表达观点和态度清晰，语言地道，规范，书写工整。,能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写出短文或报告，覆盖所有内容要点,2、【考纲要点】：内容要点；词汇和语法的数量和准确性；上下文的连贯；语言的得体性,应用了一定的句型和高级词汇,段段衘接自然，全文体现总分总，正文层次感强，有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,影响给分的因素之一：作文的卷面,漂亮的书写是写作得分的亮点,Whichcompositionfeelsmoreattractive,why?,影响给分的因素之二：文中所采用的语言材料,人靠衣装，文靠词装,A.词汇的选择灵活新颖，出奇制胜；,B.句型结构运用灵活多变;,Practice,1.good2.think3.clever,perfectexcellentoutstandingpleasantwonderfulfavorablemagnificent,inonesopinion/viewholdtheviewthatitiswidelysharedthat,wisebrightsmartintelligentcute,使用精彩句式，增强语句表现力,1.Weweregladtoseecropsandvegetablesgrowingwell._weweretoseecropsandvegetablesgrowingwell!2.Radiobroadcastsdidntbeginuntil1920.Itwas_.3.Heneverspeaksabouthisownfamily.Never_.4.Anoticeissaying”PleaseSaveWater”onthewall.Onthewall_.5.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot._.,Howglad,notuntil1920thatradiobroadcastsbegan,doeshespeakabouthisownfamily,isanoticesaying”PleaseSaveWater”,Childthough/asheis,heknowsalot,影响给分的因素之三：行文的流畅,上下贯通、一气呵成正确而巧妙地使用好连接词,1.表递进.表转折.表因果.表目的.表归纳,and,then,also,besides,morever,whatsmorefurthermore,inaddition,morethanthat.,but,however,although,though,inspiteof,despite，afterall,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand.,because,since,therefore,so,hence,thus,consequently，asaresult/consequence,onaccountof.,inorderthat,sothat,forthepurposeof.,ingeneral,inbrief,inshort,inconclusion,inaword,onthewhole.,表示平行、对等或选择关系and，bothand,aswellas,togetherwith,neithernor,also,notonlybutalso,eitheror,aswell.表示时间、顺序关系shortlyafterwards,next,finally,intheend,eventually表示递进、强调关系besides,furthermore(此外),whatsmore,worsestill,inaddition,moreover(而且),tomakemattersworse,indeed,certainly,surely,aboveall表示解释、说明关系namely(也就是),actually,suchas,forexample,forinstance,thatistosay,inotherwords,andsoon,totellyouthetruth,accordingtothis,影响给分的因素之四：文章错误的避免,错误百出，让阅卷老师惨不忍“读”,Feeling,LastSunday,wentshopping,fish,fruit,gothome,fish,and,swept,mopped,surprised,and,felt,but,was,小结：1.作文的卷面；-整洁的卷面2.文章的语言；-丰富的词汇3.行文的流畅；-流畅的结构4.文章的准确；-最少的错误,整体三部分,Heading点题（开门见山）；一两个句子（一定得是好句子）；概括性；暗示性2.Body中心记述部分；层次分明3.Ending小结；呼应主题,写作技巧与策略,书面表达如何写？,五个步骤,1、审题,题材、人称、时态、要点,2、以词及点：用一两个单词或短语写出每句话的细节要点。,3、联词成句：用联词成句的方法将上述要点的词语扩展成句子。,4联句成文：,注意：,主语和谓语,背景（适当增加时间、地点条件等）,逻辑关系,开头与结尾语篇衔接,5、检查修改，规范抄写,词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。,运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉。,使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。,复合句（名词从句、定语从句、状语从句等）,感叹句、倒装句,句型的使用,高分技巧,高考作文回顾,(2014年全国卷)假定你是李华，计划暑假间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况（箭头所指内容）注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3参考词汇：住宿accommodation,DearSir/Madam,IamastudentinChinaandIplantogotoBritaintoattendasummerschoolduringthevacation.Iveseenyourad,andIdliketoknowsomethingmoreaboutyoursix-weekEnglishcourse.Firstwhenwillthecoursestartandhowmanyclasshoursarethereperweek?Besides,Iwishtherewouldnotbetoomanystudentsinaclass.IdalsoliketoknowhowmuchIhavetopayforthecourseandwhetheraccommodationisincluded?Wouldtherebehostfamilyoruniversitydormitory?Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yoursfaithfully,LiHua,（2013年全国卷）假定你是李华。请给笔友Peter写封信，告诉他你叔叔李明将去它所在城市去开会，带去他想要的那幅中国画，同时询问他是否可以接机。信中还需说明：李明：高个子，戴眼镜航班号：CA985到达：8月6日上午11:30分说明：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.开头语和结束语已为你写好。,DearPeter,Howareyoudoing?ImwritingtotellyouthatmyuncleLiMingisgoingtoyourcityforaconferenceandIveaskedhimtobringyouaChinesepaintingyouveaskedbefore.Also,Idlikeyoutodomefavor.WouldyoupleasemeetmyuncleattheairportandtakehimtohishotelsincethisishisfirstvisittotheU.S.?Thankyouinadvance!HislightnumberisCA985anditwillarriveat11:30amAugust6.Myuncleistallandheiswearingglasses.Andhewillbeinabluejacket.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua,（2012年全国卷）假定你是李华，从互联网上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡(Singapore)举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。内容主要包括:I.自我介绍(包括英语能力);2.参加意图(介绍中国、了解其他国家);3.希望获准.注意:1.词数100左右:2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;3.邮件开头和结尾已为你写好。,DearSirorMadam,ImLiHua,amiddleschoolstudentfromChina.IreadtheannouncementofthesummercampthatyouhavepostedontheInternetandIaminterestedinit.IknowthatyouwelcomestudentsfromdifferentcountriesandIdliketotakepartinit.IvebeenlearningEnglishfor10years,andIspeakfluentEnglish.Whatismore,IllbeabletotellstudentsfromothercountriesaboutChinaandlear