上海八年级上册英语U1语法点知识梳理和练习.doc

中小学课外辅导专家 致易教育个性化辅导教案学生编号8NJ学生姓名授课教师辅导学科八年级英语教材版本沪教版授课时间课题名称Unit 1 Penfriends课时数2课时教学目标重点难点 One day, a father and his little son were going home. At this age, the boy was interested in all kinds of things and was always asking questions. Now, he asked, Whats the meaning of the word Drunk, dad? Well, my son, his father replied, look, there are standing two policemen. If I regard the two policemen as four then I am drunk. But, dad, the boy said, theres only ONE policeman! Unit 1 Penfriends【Words and Phrases】 1.【学习】ambition n. 【解释】wish or goalOne of his ambitions is to become the president of the company.【词组】full of ambition 雄心勃勃He is always full of ambition.【词形转换】ambitious adj. 有雄心的，野心勃勃的2.【学习】enclose v.【解释】put inside I enclose a check for 1000 yuan.3.【辨析】in the corner、on the corner、at the cornerIn the corner多用于指在直角的内角里The flowers are in the corner of the room.On the corner多用于指在直角的顶点上The box is on the corner of the desk.At the corner表示在拐角周围，范围要大一些Be careful when you are at the corner of the street4.【辨析】own与haveown作动词时，意为“占有，拥有”，与have意思相近，但own更强调物品的归属为某人。own作为形容词常常放在所有格之后，用来加强语气。Everyone has his own hobbies. He is his own man and she is her own woman.5.【辨析】during和forduring的含义是“在期间”，它既可以指某个动作在一个特定时期里连续不断的进行，也可以指某个动作在这个时期当中的某个时间点发生。如：He was sick for a week and during that week he lost some weight.It snowed heavily for days but stopped snowing during that night.during的常见用法有：during the last four days, during the winter, during that time, during my holidays, during her interview, during our stay in Japan等而for的含义是指某个动作在某个时期里处于连续不断的状态。如：They worked for the whole day.for的常见用法有：for the first time, for a couple of weeks, for two months, for many years, for a long time6.【辨析】maybe与may be maybe是副词，意为“也许，可能”，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。如：Maybe shell come this afternoon.may be是两个词，其中的may是情态动词，be是 动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与主语形成系表结构，意为“也许是，可能是”，如：He may be a soldier. maybe和may be在有些情况下可以互换可以互换，如：He may be in the office=Maybe he is in the office.You may be right=Maybe you are right.7.【辨析】maybe, perhaps, possibly, probably maybe意为“可能，也许”比其余几个词更为随意和不正式，表示的可能性不大，也可以表示一种非常委婉、礼貌的建议或要求，如：He didnt feel quite right; maybe he got sunstroke. perhaps作“可能”解，是较为常用、也较为正式的词，表示的可能性也不十分大。它可以表示建议或要求，也可以表示以礼貌的方式下达命令，如：Perhaps he will kindly give us a hand when we are in trouble. possibly意为“可能，大概”，表示的可能性较大。口语中也常表示委婉的请求，如：This is possibly his best performance. probably意为“很可能，大概”表示的可能性最大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。如：There is probably some kind of living matter on some other planets, but we do not know yet.8.【辨析】something与some thingssome things=a few things,分开写thing用复数形式something总是单数形式9.【辨析】have been to, have gone to, have been inhave been to 去过（人已离开那里）have gone to 去了（人不在这里）have been in 呆在，逗留10.【归纳】常见的学科名称语文Chinese数学math / mathematics英语English物理physics化学chemistry生物biology社会学social study化学chemistry地理geography体育PE政治politics手工arts and crafts音乐music美术art科学science11.【归纳】play chess与play常搭配的词组包括运动play basketball/football/volleyball/rugby/hockey/golf等play chess/game/musicplay和乐器搭配使用play the piano/violin/guitar/trumpet等12.【近义】be keen on 对着迷be keen on = be very interested in= like sth. very much13.【挖掘】tell vt. 通过观察发现；辨别；告诉例句： How can you tell it is a letter not a story or a poem? 辨别表示“辨别”时，常用的搭配为tell A from B把A跟B辨别开, tell the difference说出差异表示“告诉”的意思时，常考宾补词组tell sb. to do sth.14.【拓展】work的几个词组work as 担任work at 从事；钻研work for 为工作；为做事15.【拓展】all的几个词组at all 强调否定句：根本（不）notat all 一点也不in all 总共all in 极度疲劳的【Grammar】1. 特殊疑问词意思用法例句who谁问人的身份，姓名等He is LiLie Who is he ?He is my brother. Who is he ?whom谁问人的身份，姓名等(问宾语）I can ask him the question.Whom can you ask the question?what什么问人的职业或事物是什么He is a worker. What is he?He has a book. What does he have ?which哪一个问一定范围内特指的人或物The big box is mine. Which box is yours?The girl at the door is Ann. Which girl is Ann?whose谁的问所属关系This is her book. Whose book is this ?This book is hers. Whose is this book?what color什么颜色问颜色（表语）My skirt is red. What color is your skirt?What time几点问点时间We play games at five in the afternoon ?What time do you play games?when什么时候问时间We play games in the afternoon ?When do you play games?where什么地方问地点（状语）We play games at home on Sunday ?Where do you play games on Sunday?why为什么问原因He isnt at school today because he is ill.Why isnt he at school today ?how怎样问健康状况、做事的方式等He is fine/strong. How is he ?I go home by bike. How do you go home?how old多大几岁问年龄He is ten. How old is he ?how many多少跟复数名词，问数量There are thirty boys in my class.How many boys are there in your class?how much多少跟不可数名词问数量或价钱 There is some milk in the bottle.How much milk is there in the bottle?how far多远问路程Its five kilometers away from here? How far is it from here?how soon多久问in+一段时间He can finish it in half an hour.How soon can he finish it ?how long多久问一段时间，问物体的长短He has lived here for a year. How long has he lived here?The desk is one meters long. How long is the desk ?how often多久（一次）问频率I go to see my parents once a month.How often do you go to see your parents?Complete the questions with What . /Who . /Where . /How . 1. _your parents? Theyre very well. Thank you.2. _ the bus stop? At the end of the street.3. _your son? Five.4. _are these oranges? 2 yuan a kilo.5. _your favourite sport? Skiing.6. _the man in this photo? Thats my father.7. _your new shoes? Black.Complete the questions with How + adjective/adverb. 用How + 形容词或副词”完成下列句子1. _is Mount Qomolangma? 8,844 metres.2. _ is it from here to Shanghai Railway Station? Its about 2 kilometres.3. _is Helen? Shes 26.4. _do the buses run? Every ten minutes.5. _is the water in the pool? Two metres.6. _have you lived here? Nearly three years.7. _ is your flat? About 100 square metres.8. _is the book? 28 Yuan.2. 不定冠词1. 不定冠词a或an与名词连用的基本规则：a/an用在单数可数名词前sports, people, children等复数名词前不加a/an，不可数名词前不可加冠词不定冠词a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，而不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词词前注意，u开头的单词，若发音为“右”，则不用anan umbrella a university2.不定冠词a/an在句子中的应用当第一次谈到某人或事物时，使用不定冠词There is a man at the door.当谈论到工作或职业时，使用不定冠词My father is an engineer now, but he was a soldier before.a/an表示“一”的含义时a hundred pounds half a kilo3. 英文书信1) 英文书信的写作格式信内右上角写寄信人地址。注意按从小到大写，这和中文书信的习惯不太一样寄信人地址下写上写信日期称呼收信人。正式信函一般用Dear Mr/Miss等，如无法确定性别，则用Dear Sir/Madam,如果是朋友，往往直接在Dear后面加名字，如Dear Simon。信的正文占据较大篇幅。一般信的开始总要稍加问候，说明写信的用意，信的结尾也要祝福收件人，并期待收到对方的来信。信的最后还要签名。如是打印的信件，在打上的名字后还需要亲笔签名。2. 信封的格式。有两点很重要：一是收信人姓名，二是收信人地址。Don Wilson63 King StreetOttawaOntarioK5B 9Y6Canada如：把信寄往住在加拿大安大略省渥太华国王大街63号(邮编K5B 9Y6)的丹威尔森，信封上的内容示例如下：如果在信封上要注明写信人姓名及地址的话，可以写在信封正面的左上角，字号比收信人信息略小。也可以写在信封背面的折页上。3. 课文难句解释You can call me Jon.句中动词call后带双宾语，分别是间接宾语me和直接宾语Jon.类似的结构还有：Kate teaches Linda English. (Linda间接宾语 English直接宾语)Henry wrote Jenny a letter yesterday. (Jenny间接宾语 a letter直接宾语)and I am about one and a half metres tall.可以用“数词+单位+形容词”来表示身高、体重、长度、宽度、年龄等。如，He is 179 centimeters tall.The case is 66kg heavy.Eddie is 16 years old.This suitcase is 80 centimeters long, 55 centimeters wide and 15 centimeters high.My hobby is playing chess.在这个句子中，playing chess是动名词作表语。动名词作表语常常用来表示经常性或习惯性的动作，如用来表示个人的兴趣爱好等。又如，His hobbies are collecting stamps and playing the violin.My ambition is to be an architect. 本句中to be an architect是动词不定式作表语。又如，To a doctor, the most important thing is to save peoples lives.His job is to help make peoples teethChoose the right answer( ) 1. My younger sister is only seven years old. She is still at_ primary school.A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 2. My father is a(n) _. He draws plans for tall buildings.A. engineer B. architect C. bus driver D. teacher( ) 3. This is a photograph of_. Can you show me_? A. me, yours B. my, your C. myself, your D. mine, you( ) 4. Let me tell you some things_ my school.A. for B. about C. of D. in( ) 5. Steve is_ a basketball player on the school team. A, else B. too C. either D. also( ) 6. I can _ a little English, but I cannot write it very well. A. say B. talk C. speak D. tell( ) 7. My hobby is_ stamps,A. collect B. collects C. to collect D. collecting( ) 8. The boy is keen on_ football and his ambition is _a football playerin the future.A. playing . to be B. to play . to beC. playing . be D. to play . be( ) 9. What do you enjoy _after class? Playing football. Thats my favourite outdoor activity.A. to do B. do C. did D. doing( ) 10. Walker School is a really good place for Jon because there_ many sports fields in it.A. have B. is C. has D. are( ) 11. I love our small flat_ its quite close to the mountains.A. because B. and C. so D. but( ) 12. _ do you like the Bund?Its the most beautiful place Ive ever seen.A. How B. What C. How much D. What else( ) 13. _ does your mother do shopping? Once a week.A. How long B. How fast C. How often D. How much( ) 14. The picture looks beautiful, _ ?A. isnt it B. is it C. doesnt it D. does it( ) 15. He has already played the piano for _hour.A) a B) an C) the D) /( ) 16. The Bens usually have _supper in the restaurant at weekends.A) a B) an C) the D) /( ) 17. The boys in our class enjoy _after lunch.A) play football B) playing footballC) play the foo