英语课程标准小学阶段解读.ppt

英语课程标准小学阶段解读,于绍侠,2019/11/23,2,基础教育阶段英语课程的任务,激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，使学生树立自信心，养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略，发展自主学习的能力和合作精神；使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写技能，形成一定的综合语言运用能力；培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、想象能力和创新精神；帮助学生了解世界和中西方文化的差异，拓展视野，培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观，为他们的终身学习和发展打下良好的基础。,2019/11/23,3,一、课程目的,1、激发兴趣、培养积极态度、建立初步的自信心2、培养一定的语感和良好的语音、语调基础3、初步形成用英语进行简单日常交流的能力4、为进一步学习打下良好的基础ThefocusofELTisfromhowtoteachtohowtolearn.Student-centeredness,2019/11/23,4,二小学英语课应遵循的几个原则,、在总体教学目标上要重兴趣、成就感、自信心、在课程实施上要重语言环境、频率、效率、在教学模式与方法上要重体验、实践、参与、创造,2019/11/23,5,、在语言教学目标上要重语感、语音语调基础和交流能力、在教学评价上要重态度、参与、努力程度和交流能力。,2019/11/23,6,三、教学目标与要求,小学英语教学的两个级别的要求1、小学一、二、三年级达到一级要求2、小学四、五、六年级达到二级要求3、有条件的地区可以超过，有困难的地区经批准可适当降低要求、初中35级；高中69级,2019/11/23,7,一级语言技能目标要求,听、做能根据听到的词语识别或指认图片或实物能听懂课堂指令并做出相应的反应能根据指令做事情，比如指图片、涂颜色、画图、做动作、做手工等能在图片和动作的提示下听懂小故事并做出反应Input-Intake-Output,2019/11/23,8,说、唱能听懂录音并模仿（Imitation）能互相问候（Greetingasahabit）能交流简单的个人信息，如姓名、年龄等（Exchangeinformation-informationgap）能表达简单的情感和感觉，如喜欢和不喜欢（Expresslikesanddislikes-Doyoulikeme?）,2019/11/23,9,能够根据表演猜意思、说词语（guessing）能唱简单的英文歌曲15-20首，说歌谣15-20首能根据图、文说出单词或短语（wordsandphrases）,2019/11/23,10,玩、演能用英语做游戏并在游戏中用英语进行交流能做角色表演（roleplay）能表演英语歌曲及简单的童话剧，如小红帽等,2019/11/23,11,读、写能看图识字能在指认物体的前提下认读所学词语能图片的帮助下读懂英语小故事能正确书写单词和句子,2019/11/23,12,视听能看懂语言简单的英语动画片或程度相当的教学节目。视听时间每学年不少于10小时（平均每周20-25分钟）,2019/11/23,13,二级目标要求,一级目标要求是按照：听、做/说、唱/玩、演/读、写/视听来分别进行要求的二级目标要求则是按照：听/说/读/写/玩、演、视听来分别进行要求的,2019/11/23,14,小学英语教学二级技能目标要求,听能在图片、手势的帮助下，听懂语速较慢但语调自然的话语或录音材料能听懂简单的配图小故事能听懂课堂活动中简单的提问能听懂常用指令和要求并做出适当的反应,2019/11/23,15,Encourageyourstudentstoshowtheirreactions.Suchreactingdevelopsanimportantlanguageskilltheactiveroleofthelistenerinaconversationandmakesboththelanguageandyourlessonsmorealiveforstudents.,2019/11/23,16,说能在口头表达中做到发音清楚、重音正确、语调达意能就所熟悉的个人和家庭进行简单对话能恰当运用一些最常用的日常套话（如问候、告别、致谢、致歉等）能在教师的帮助下讲述小故事,2019/11/23,17,读能认读所学词语能根据拼读规则读出简单的单词能读懂教材中简单的要求或指令能读懂问候卡等中的简单信息能借助图片读懂简单的故事或小短文，养成按意群阅读的习惯能正确朗读所学故事或短文bottomupandtopdown,2019/11/23,18,写能根据要求为图片、实物等写出简单的标题或描述能模仿范例写句子能写出简单的问候语写句子时能正确使用大小写字母和标点符号,2019/11/23,19,玩、演、视听能按要求用英语做游戏能在教师的帮助下表演小故事或童话剧能表演歌谣或简单诗歌30-40首（含一级要求）能唱英文歌曲30-40首能看懂英文动画片和程度相当的英语教学节目，每学年不少于10小时（平均每周不少于20-25分钟）,2019/11/23,20,小学英语语言知识目标（二级）,语音知道错误的发音会影响交际知道字母名称的读音了解简单的拼读规律了解单词有重音语音清楚，语调自然,2019/11/23,21,词汇学习有关本级话题范围的600700个单词和50个左右的习惯用语了解单词是由字母构成的。,2019/11/23,22,语法知道名词有单复数形式知道主要人称代词的区别知道动词在不同情况下会有形式上的变化了解表示时间、地点和位置的介词了解英语简单句的基本形式和表意功能,2019/11/23,23,功能了解问候、告别、感谢、致歉、介绍、请求等交际功能的基本表达形式,2019/11/23,24,话题能理解和表达有关下列话题的简单信息：数字、颜色、时间、天气、食品、服装、玩具、动植物、身体、个人情况、家庭、学校、朋友、文体活动、节日等,2019/11/23,25,小学英语情感态度目标（二级）,有兴趣听英语、说英语、背歌谣、唱歌曲、讲故事、做游戏等乐于模仿，敢于开口，积极参与，主动请教,2019/11/23,26,小学英语学习策略目标（二级）,积极与他人合作，共同完成学习任务主动向老师或同学请教制订简单的英语学习计划对所学习内容能主动练习和实施在词语与相应事物之间建立联想,2019/11/23,27,在学习中集中注意力尝试阅读英语故事及其他英语课外读物积极运用所学英语进行表达和交流注意观察生活或媒体中使用的简单英语能初步使用简单的学生英汉词典,2019/11/23,28,小学英语文化意识目标（二级）,知道英语中最简单的称谓语、问候语和告别语对一般的赞扬、请求等做出适当的反应知道国际上最重要的文娱和体育活动知道英语国家中最常见的饮料和食品的名称,2019/11/23,29,知道主要英语国家的首都和国旗了解世界上主要国家的重要标志物，如：英国的大本钟等了解英语国家中重要的节假日,2019/11/23,30,小学英语教学的基本模式,Learning/Teachingbydoing,demonstration,imitating,drawing,singing,doinggames,doingthings!Notjustbymemorizing!,2019/11/23,31,全身反应法（TPR）Totalphysicalresponse,是指像幼儿学习母语的过程一样，通过身体运动学习外语的一种方法。,2019/11/23,32,主要优点：1.优先发展学生的听力2.听力训练和身体动作相结合；说的练习适当推迟3.用归纳法教语法4.教师要耐心、宽容，允许学生犯语言错误5.教师要成为导演，想方设法最大限度地增加学生接触语言的机会6.学生要成为演员，注意观察，依令而行7.可根据学生的反应及时调整练习的节奏,2019/11/23,33,小学英语教学起始阶段，听做领先（TPR）WatchandlistenListenandnumberLookandact,2019/11/23,34,BasicprinciplesofTPR,Comprehensible(understandable)inputLanguagesarebestlearnedwhenthelearnerreceiveslotsofcomprehensible(understandable)input.Silentperiod-Delayedproductioninwhichtheylearntounderstandandrespondtopartsofthelanguagewithoutattemptingtospeakit.,2019/11/23,35,主要缺点：1、强调听说，但对于如何培养读写能力的问题考虑欠少2、以句子为教学的基本单位，重视培养听指令做动作和说单句的能力，但对于作为交际活动的重要形式-对话，有所忽视，不利于培养交际能力3、理论上缺乏一定的新意和深度，可以称为一种教学技巧，如和其他方法配合运用会更好,2019/11/23,36,WatchandlistenListenandnumberListenandsayLookandactListenandchantLookandtalkAskandanswer,2019/11/23,37,VARIATIONSOFTPR:TPR-B,TPR-O,TPR-P,1.TPR-BforTPRwithbodyincludeseverythingthatcanbedonewithgeneralbodymovement:standup,sitdown,turnaround,turnright,turnleft,liftupyourarm,etc.Thisisbestdoneinaroomwithsomespacetomovearound.,2019/11/23,38,2.TPR-OstandsforTPRwithobjects.Thisisbestdonesittingatablethathassomeobjectsonit.3.TPR-PstandsforTPRwithpictures”.Theactualphysicalresponsewithpicturesisfairlybasic-pointingatsomething-buttheopportunityforvocabularyacquisitionisasbroadasthetypesofpicturesyoucanuse.,2019/11/23,39,Somemethodsareusefultosomepeoplesometimesinsomeplaces;nomethodisusefultoallpeoplealltimesinallplaces.,2019/11/23,40,课程目标中的语言技能目标都是以学生“能够做什么”为主要内容。Icandoit.I-student-centered;self-confidentCan-abilityDoit-useEnglishtodothingsforsocialpurposesintheirdailylives,2019/11/23,41,错误纠正Thecorrectionofmistakes,Ourstudentslearnfromusthatmakingmistakesisanecessaryevilandconsequentlyfeelashamedwhenmakingmistakes,andthenhadrathernotspeakthanmakeamistake.,2019/11/23,42,1.payattentiontowhatourstudentssayintermsofcontent.showinterestinwhatourstudentstellus.noneedtopointoutstudentsmistakes.4.fluencymattersmuchmore,aslongastheycanexpressthemselvesproperly.,2019/11/23,43,5.theonlyexceptioniswhencommunicationisaffectedbystudentslinguisticmistakes.6.aboveall,themainaimis:communication-fluency,notaccuracy.,2019/11/23,44,Threetechniquesofcorrections三种纠错技巧,S1:Mybrotherisyoungerthanmysister.Howaboutyours?S2:Mybrotherisolderasmysister.T:Er(questioninglook)S2:Er(pause)Ohyes,olderthan-mybrotherisolderthanmysister.T:Good!,2019/11/23,45,T:Whendidyoudolastnight?MmmGeorge?G:Istudymyhomework.T:Er(worriedlook)G:AahIdomyhomeworkT:Well,WhatdidGeorgedo?(pause)Sally?S:Hedidhishomework.T:YesGeorge?G:AhyesIdidmyhomework.,2019/11/23,46,J:LastweekItraveltoYunnan.T:Mmm?(questioninglook)J:Lastweek,Itravel(pause)T:Yes,Jim,you?(questioninglook)J:Itravel(hesitant)toYunnan.T:Anybody?(pause)T:Lastweekyoutra-vel(fingersupon“tra-vel-”asone-two-three,holdingthethirdfinger)T:Reallynobody?ComonT:Well,its“travelled”!Right!(pause)Jim?J:LastweekItravelledtoYunnan.T:Good!,2019/11/23,47,一、自我纠正self-correctionmostpeopleprefertoputrighttheirownmistakesstudentisgivenachanceforSC,2019/11/23,48,二、学生之间纠正peercorrection1.boththeSwhomakesthemistakeandtheSwhocorrectsitareactivelyinvolvedinthelearningprocess.2.theSsgetthefeelingthattheycanlearnfromeachother.3.trainsSsformoreteacher-independentlearningingrouporpairs.4.givesteacheraclearerpictureofthelevelofmorethanonestudentsability.,2019/11/23,49,三、老师纠正teachercorrectionTfeelsthatamistakeshouldbecorrect(asweknow,manymistakescanbeleftuncorrected),whilenoScancorrectit.2.itdoesntmeanthatTcorrectsitimmediately,2019/11/23,50,Nonewsisgoodnews.(Nocorrectionimpliesperfection.),2019/11/23,51,小学英语教学评价,评价目的：激励学生的学习兴趣和积极性使学生获得成功感和自信心使他们形成初步用英语进行日常交流的能力为进一步学习打下基础。,2019/11/23,52,评价原则Assessmentisfun!,激励性原则-让学生体验进步与成功，从而产生进步的动力；要使学生喜欢评价；（motivating&experiencing)参与性原则-学生是学习的主体和评价的主体；鼓励学生积极、主动对自己的学习情况进行评价与反思；(participating&reflective),2019/11/23,53,形成性评价为主的原则-对学生平时参与各种教学活动中表现出的学习兴趣、态度,语用和交流能力进行评价；活动性原则-以接近课堂教学活动的听、做、说、写等形式进行评价。,2019/11/23,54,项目表,语音项目语法项目功能意念项目话题项目,2019/11/23,55,语音项目,1、基本读音：字母、元音字母在单词中的读音、字母组合、辅音连缀、成音节2、重音：单词重音和句子重音3、意群的读音：连读、失去爆破、弱读与同化4、语调与节奏,2019/11/23,56,语法项目,1、名词：可数名词（单复数）不可数名词专有名词名词所有格,2019/11/23,57,语法项目,2、代词：人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词不定代词疑问代词,2019/11/23,58,语法项目,3、数词：基数词序数词,2019/11/23,59,语法项目,4、介词和介词短语5、连词6、形容词（比较级和最高级）7、副词（比较级和最高级）8、冠词9、感叹词10、动词,2019/11/23,60,语法项目,10、动词：动词的基本形式：原形、单三、现在分词、过去式、过去分词系动词及物动词和不及物动词助动词情态动词,2019/11/23,61,语法项目,11、时态：现在进行时一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去进行时,2019/11/23,62,语法项目,12、构词法：合成法(compounding)：handbag派生法(derivation):happy-unhappy(happiness)转化法(conversion):water(n)-water(v)缩写和简写:,2019/11/23,63,语法项目,13、句子种类：陈述句：肯定句、否定句疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句祈使句感叹句,2019/11/23,64,语法项目,14、被动语态15、非谓语动词16、直接引语和间接引语17、并列复合句与主从复合句18、省略与倒装19、强调与虚拟语气,2019/11/23,65,功能意念项目,问候介绍感谢告别道歉邀请请求允许,提供帮助打电话就餐就医购物问路谈论天气,喜欢和不喜欢能够和不能够意愿和打算时间和方向颜色和规格年龄和职业,2019/11/23,66,话题项目,个人情况家庭与朋友周围的环境日常活动学校生活兴趣与爱好语言学习,个人情感人际关系计划与愿望节假日活动购物饮食健康与天气文娱与体育,2019/11/23,67,英语课堂教学用语,1.上课(Beginningaclass)(1)Letsstartnow./Letsbeginourclass/lesson.(2)Standup,please.(3)Sitdown,please.,2019/11/23,68,英语课堂教学用语,2.问候(Greeting)(4)Hello,boysandgirls/children.(5)Goodmorning,class/everyone/everybody/children/boysandgirls.(6)Goodafternoon,class/everyone/everybody/children/boysandgirls.(7)Howareyoutoday?,2019/11/23,69,3.考勤(Checkingattendance)(8)Whosondutytoday?/Whoshelpingthismorning?(9)Iseveryone/everybodyhere/present?(10)Isanyoneaway?/Isanybodyaway?(11)Isanyoneabsent?Isanybodyabsent?(12)Whosabsent?/Whosaway?(13)Whereishe/she?(14)Trytobeontime./Dontbelatenexttime.(15)Gobacktoyourseat,please.(16)Whatdayisittoday?(17)Whatsthedatetoday?(18)Whatstheweatherliketoday?(19)Whatsitlikeoutside?,2019/11/23,70,4.宣布(Announcing)(20)Letsstartworking./Letsbegin/startanewlesson./Letsbegin/startourlesson.(21)First,letsreview/dosomereview.(22)Whatdidwelearninthelastlesson?(23)Whocantell/rememberwhatwedidinthelastlesson/yesterday?(24)Nowweregoingtodosomethingnew/different./Nowletslearnsomethingnew.(25)Wehavesomenewwords/sentences.,2019/11/23,71,5.提起注意(Directingattention)(26)Ready?/Areyouready?(27)Didyougetthere?/Doyouunderstand?(28)Isthatclear?(29)Anyvolunteers?(30)Doyouknowwhattodo?(31)Bequiet,please./Quiet,please.(32)Listen,please.(33)Listencarefully,please(34)Listentothetaperecorder/therecording.(35)Lookcarefully,please.(36)Lookoverhere.(37)Watchcarefully.(38)Areyouwatching?(39)Pleaselookattheblackboard/picture/map(40)Payattentiontoyourspelling/pronunciation.,2019/11/23,72,6.课堂活动(Classroomactivities)(41)Start!/Startnow.(42)Everybodytogether./Alltogether.(43)Practiseinagroup./Practiceingroups./Ingroups,please.(44)Getintogroupsofthree/four(45)Everybodyfindapartner/friend.(46)Inpairs,please.(47)Oneatatime./Letsdoitonebyone.(48)Nowyou,please./Yourturn(Studentsname).(49)Next,please.Nowyoudothesame,please.(50)Letsact./Letsactout/dothedialogue.(51)WhowantstobeA?,2019/11/23,73,6.课堂活动(Classroomactivities)(52)Practisethedialogue,please.(53)NowTomwillbeA,andtheotherhalfwillbeB.(54)Pleasetake(play)thepartof(55)Whoseturnisit?(56)Itsyourturn.(57)Waityourturn,please.(58)Standinline./Lineup.(59)Onebyone./Oneatatime,please.(60)Intwos./Inpairs.(61)Dontspeakout.(62)Turnaround.,2019/11/23,74,7.请求(Rdquest)(63)Couldyoupleasetryitagain?(64)Couldyoupleasetrythenextone?(65)Willyoupleasehelpme?8.鼓励(Encouraging)(66)Canyoutry?(67)Try,please.(68)Tryyourbest./Doyourbest.(69)Thinkitoverandtryagain.(70)Dontbeafraid/shy.,2019/11/23,75,9.指令(Issuingacommand)(71)Say/Readafterme,please.(72)Followme,please.(73)DowhatIdo.(74)Repeat,please./Repeatafterme.(75)Oncemore,please./Onemoretime,please.(76)Comehere,please.(77)Pleasecometothefront./Comeupandwriteontheblackboard/chalkboard.(78)Comeandwriteitontheblackboard.(79)Pleasegobacktoyourseat.(80)InEnglish,please.(81)Putyourhandup,please.Raiseyourhand,please.(82)Putyourhandsdown,please./Handsdown,please.,2019/11/23,76,(83)Sayit/WriteitinChinese/English.(84)Pleasetakeoutyourbooks.(85)Pleaseopenyourbooksatpage/Findpage/Turntopage(86)Pleaseanswerthequestion/questions./Pleaseanswermyquestion(s).(87)Pleasereadthisletter/word/sentenceoutloud./Pleasereadoutthisletter/word/sentence.(88)Pleasestopnow./Stopnow,please./Stophere,please.(89)Cleanupyourdesk/theclassroom,please.(90)Itsclean-uptime./Tidyupyourdesk/theclassroom.(91)Putyourthingsaway./Cleanoffyourdesk./Pickupthescraps.(92)Cleantheblackboard.(93)Pluginthetape-recorder,please.,2019/11/23,77,(94)Putthetape-recorderaway.(95)Putthetapeinitsbox/cassette.(96)Listenandrepeat.(97)Lookandlist