四大名词性从句.ppt

GrammarShirley,Whatkindofnounclausesarethey?,1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.IdontknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.3.HistroubleisthathedoesntknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,brainstorming(2m),名词性从句相当于一个名词作用的从句称作名词性从句，名词性从句常在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。如：1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.IdontknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.3.HistroubleisthathedoesntknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.,nounclauses,subjectiveclause主语从句,objectiveclause宾语从句,predicativeclause表语从句,appositiveclause同位语从句,主语从句：做主语用的名词性从句，引导主语从句的有连词that，whether，连接代词who，what，which，连接副词when，where，how，why等。位置：1)位于句首2)位于句尾，使用it做形式主语，而把主从放在句末(注意：形式主语只能用it,不能使用thisthat)常用下面几种句型：1）It+be+表语（n./adj./done.）+that从句Itisafact(ashame/pity/goodnews/impossible/likely)that/whetherItsapitythatyouhavetogososoon.Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.,2）It+vi.+that从句Itseemed(happened,doesntmatter,hasturnedout)thatItseemedcertainthathewouldwintheprize.Ithappensthattheywereabsent.3)It+bedone+that从句Itisknown/said/hoped/believedIthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.Does_matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it,连接词：1）区分that与whether(if)that引导主从只起引导作用，无实际意义，在主从中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。Thatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.whether(if)尽管不充当句子成分,但有”是否”意思,可加上”ornot”,语意不变.但whether和if也有不同用法,如放在句首引导主从,只能用whether.Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.,e.g._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromonaspect.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which_wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where,It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较,It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm.Itdoesntinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.,连接代词who(m),whose,what,which,when,where,why,how这类连接词,除了引导主从外,在从句中还分别起pron/adv./adj.的作用,在从句中分别做主语宾语表语状语Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.高考题:_causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereIreadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which,3)whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever等连接词与what等连接词的用法一样,只是具有较强的语意,”凡是,不管,无论”,引导的主语从句一般不后置。Whateverhesaidwasnttrue.WhoeverguesseswhatIhaveinmyhandmayhaveit.=Anyonewhoguesses=ThepersonwhoguessesHowever_hecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerteenagersshowedinterestintraditionalfestivals.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。做动词的宾语1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：Hedoesntknowwherethepostofficeis.2)引导宾语从句的连接词一般都可以省去.但是当及物动词后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句是,只有第一个that可以省略.Theteachersaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.,二宾语从句TheObjectClause,3)如果后有宾语补足语，则要使用形式宾语it而将从句放到补足语后面；IthoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallmeHedoesntwantittobeknownthatheisgoingaboard.4)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，要注意否定前移;Idontthinkyouareright5)在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及Imafraid等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句：一Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?一Ibelieveso./Idontbelieveso./Ibelievenot.,6)“doubt”后接宾从,肯定句时由whether/if引导,否定句或疑问句由that引导Iwhether/ifhewillcome.Idontthathewillcome.Doyouthathewillcome?7)whether和if都可引导动词之后的宾从,二者可互换.但在正式文体中,从句有ornot时,只用whether,不用if.Iwonderif/whetheritisright.Idontcarewhetheryoulikehimornot.,做介词的宾语Didshesayanythingabouthowweshoulddothework?1)作介词宾语时，that很少在介词后面引导宾从，只有在except,but,besides,in等少数介词后才用;Yourarticleisallrightexceptthatitistoolong2)有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语it;e.g.Illseetoitthateverythingisready3)表示“是否”的if不能引导介词的宾语从句，而要用whether.e.g.Wearetalkingaboutwhetheryoushoulddoit.,ThePredicativeClause表语从句在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。that引导的表语从句that仅起连接作用，无意义，不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。e.g.Thefactisthatonesmokerinfivewilldiefromsmoking.2.whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句)在句中也不作任何成分。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherthemanwillturnupintime.,3.what,which,who,whom,whose引导的表语从句连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。e.g.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.,4.where,when,why,how引导的表语从句连接副词where,when,why,how在句中通常没有疑问意义，而是在句中起连接作用并分别表示时间、地点、原因或方式。e.g.ThatswhereIcantagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.,5.其他连词asif,because,as,asthough引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause”结构中。asif/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。e.g.Myangerisbecauseyouhaventwrittentomeforalongtime.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.,同位语从句,1.概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.功能:同位语从句跟在一个n.后，对其进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。,3.用法:常跟的抽象名词有:fact/feeling/idea/reason/thought/truth/order/suggestion/doubt/news/word/possibility/promise/hope/beliefe.g.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.4.连词that/whether/who/which/what/when/where/why/how同位语从句与先行词有时也可以分开。e.g.Suddenlythethoughtcametomethathecouldgoblind.,同位语从句与定语从句区别:,1.同位语从句的先行词极为有限，而定语从句的先行词则不计其数，可以是名词,代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句。2.引导词a.有些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。e.g.Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句),b.that在同从中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替.而引导定从的that在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略。e.g.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that不作成分,但不能省略)Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略),c.引导同位语从句的wh-词，多具有疑问意义，而引导定语从句的wh-词没有疑问意义。e.g.Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied.,3.性质上的区别同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴;而定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语),1.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesntmatter_thatImtalkingto.(2004年广东省卷)A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom,高考链接,【试析】这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。And后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是itdoesntmatter,主语从句则是whoitisthatImtalkingto.而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰who.Who既是一个引导词，也在itis中作表语.如果再细一点，说who是(talking)to的介词宾语也可以。,2.Itisprettywellunderstood_controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretod