定语从句课件(公开课.ppt

TheAttributiveClause,Whatistheattribute?(什么是定语）,aredappleabeautifulgirl,形容词作定语,myfriend,hispen,代词作定语,agirlinred,amanwithglasses,介词短语作定语,appletree,shoeshop,名词作定语,什么是定语？,定语就是用来修饰名词或者代词的成分,Whatistheattributiveclause?(什么是定语从句）,thehandsome修饰成分thenaughty,boy,TheboyisTom.（主句）,TheboywhoishandsomeisTom.,TheboywhoisnaughtyisTom.,修饰一个名词或代词的单词或短语叫定语，如为一个句子则称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句的一般结构是：主句+先行词+关系词+从句,Peoplewhogotoaformalwesternerdinnerpartyforthefirsttimemaybesurprisedbytablemanners.Besidesthenapkin,youwillfindasmalltoastandthreeglasseswhichareforthewine.Theknifeandforkthatareclosesttoyourplatearealittlebiggerthantheonesbesidethem.Dinnerstartswithasmalldish,whichisoftencalledastarter.Forthestarter,whichyoueatwiththesmallerpair,youkeeptheknifeinyourrighthandandtheforkinyourleft.,定语从句的一般结构是：主句+先行词+关系词+从句,Iknowtheboywhoissittingonthedesk.,主句,定语从句,先行词,引导词,引导词有关系代词：whowhomwhosethatwhich,关系副词：whenwherewhy,先行词：被修饰的成分,即名词或代词。,关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用：1.引导一个定语从句；2.在从句中代替先行词；3.在从句中担任某一句子成份。,1.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.,2.TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.,3.ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.,4.Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.,5.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.,6.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.,7.Theboy(whom)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.,8.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.,9.Thisistheboy(whom)Isitbehind.,10.ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit.,11.SheisthegirlwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.,12.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,13.Hereistheboythatdamagedthevase.,关系代词与关系副词关系代词:指人:指物:指人或物:关系副词:,who(主格),whom(宾格),whose(所有格),which(主格,宾格),whose(所有格),that,when,where,why,注：当先行词是those,she,he,they等代词时,关系代词用who.作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省，介词后面用which或whom)ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.,4whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用,即the+名词ofwhichwhom或ofwhichwhomthe+名词。,Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.,ofwhichthebook,Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?,HeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterday.,Theteacher,whosesonIworkwith,islikedbyallthestudents.,Thechair,thelegsofwhicharebroken,isbeingrepairednow.,3.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.,Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?,Doyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?,that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。,Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.,Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.,Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.,Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.,(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。,(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。,(5)先行词是who或who引导的主句。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.(6)主句以Therebe引导时Thereare200peoplethatdidntknowthething.(7)当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that.Sheisntthegirlthatshewas10yearsago.(8)当先行词是which时，关系代词用that.Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.which2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it,4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom,A,B,B,B,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用which而不用that。,(9)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）Thosearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.(10)在非限制性定语从句中Football,whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.(11)先行词本身是that，或句子中已经有了thatWhatIwanttodoisthatwhichwillhelpusall.,(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.,Thescientistwemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhointheworld.whomthat,(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.,Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.which,(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.,(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.,HeisthekindpersonthatIhaveeverworkedwith.whowhom,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoClassicalmusic.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.4.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.5.Thefamily_Imstayingwithlivesintown.6.Iknowthestudent_articlewaspublished.7.Betty,_hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.8.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.9.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.,whothat,whichthat,whose,whichthat,thatwhich,whose,Who,whichthat,whom,定语从句中的关系副词：,when,where,why,IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.,onwhich,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,inwhich,Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.,Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：,Mysister,whoistwenty,worksinabank.,Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.,限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。,非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。,Heistheman_housethepicturesaretaken.A.whoseB.whichC.fromwhoseD.that2.Helivesintheflat,_hecansee_ishappen-inginthestreet.A.there/whatB.where/somethingC.fromwhosewindow/allthat3.Thatwasthemostinterestingfilm_Ihaveseen.A.whoseB.thatC.whichD.what4.AheadofmeIsawawoman_Ithoughtwasmyaunt.A.whoB.whomC.fromwhomD.ofwhom5.Watchthegirlandherdog_arecrossingthestreet.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.they,6.Heistheveryoneofthestudents_goodatEnglish.A.whodoesB.thatisC.whomdoD.whichare7.Thesecondbook_IwanttoreadisTraveisinChinabyRewiAlley.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.as8.Heisthesameteacher_spokeatthemeetingontheopeningceremony.A.asB.whomC.thatD.who9.Thedays_Ispentinthecountrysideinmychildhoodwasthehappiesttime_Ihadeverhadinmylife.D.that/thatA.when/whenB.when/thatC.that/which,*As和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：,Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“andthis”or“andthat”.译为“这一点”。而as则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如.那样”，且已形成固定结构。如：asisknown,asissaid,asisreported,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected.Etc.eg.Einstein,asisknown,isafamousscientist.Asisreported,Chinahasbecomeanimportantcountryi