极速无词阅读技巧.ppt

Processtheinformation,usefulinfromation,uselessinfromation,信息庞大：脑袋乱；篇幅太长：做题慢持续四六篇：疲劳战,如何区分信息主次,1、第一段话的第一句和最后一句是重点2、中文注释处是重点3、转折词后是重点but,however,yet,onthecontrary.4、题干中涉及单词处是重点5、根据题干直奔文章中主要内容6、文章中不懂得信息：过,常见错误,1，完美主义，逐句阅读文章：要求perfect。逐字逐句的阅读翻译文章2，选择恐惧：当出现不会的单词，就会有一种选择恐惧，很多同学就靠蒙，遵循三长一短选最短，三短一长选最长的原则。3，不知所云（混沌做题）：不知道文章究竟说了什么，更不知道他问的是什么,刑警题型,根据特征，在人群中抓出通缉犯根据标签，在文群中抓出答案句,考查核心能力,能否迅速找到处理加工有效信息的能力（删除无效信息）1，主旨和中心2，某处重要特殊信息3，基本框架和行文逻辑4，对题目定位提取筛选加工的能力,解题步骤,1，先看题后读原文2，确定题干或者选项重点词3，回顾题干和选项重点词4，快速寻找信息句5，对照选项找答案,题目的分类,1.概括/主旨题2.细节理解题3.猜词题4.推断题,ReadingComprehension,1.Mainidea:,比重大、难度大,文章主旨找首段段落主旨找首句排除细节性信息,Wheredoesthepassagecomefrom？Whatsthepassagemainlyabout？Mainideatitle,purpose,wanttotellus.typeofwriting,典型例题1,Thispassageismainlyabout_。A.energy-savingtipsB.fuel-savingtipsC.do-it-yourselftipsD.environment-protectingtips,Theglobalenergycrisisisapproaching.Whatcanwedo?Herearesomestepsyoucantake。Coolingputsthegreateststressonyoursummerenergybillandthepowergrid(电网).Justasatune-upforyourcarcanimproveyourgasmileage,ayearlytune-upofyourheatingandcoolingsystemcanimproveefficiencyandcomfort.Cleanorreplacesfiltersmonthlyorasneeded。Drivethecarthatgetsbettergasmileagewheneverpossibleifyouownmorethanonevehicle.Ifyoudrive12,500milesayear,switching10percentofyourtripsfromacarthatgets20milespergallontoonethatgets30mpgwillsaveyoumorethan65peryear。Carpool.TheaverageU.S.commuter(乘车上班族)couldsaveabout260ayearbysharingcarstwiceaweekwithtwopeopleinacarthatgets20.1mpgassumingthethreepassengerssharethecostofgas.(2008安徽卷),概括（主旨）题答题技巧,针对主旨大意类题目，应采用快速阅读(Skimming)浏览全文。在阅读时，应特别注意文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题。,2.detailsQuestions:Options:,1.informationabstraction抽取标签,2.informationscanning扫描定位,3.informationmatching信息配对铁证断案,细节理解题在高考阅读理解题中占有相当大的比例。细节题可分为两种类型：一种是答案几乎可以直接出短文中获得，正确答案和原文中含相关信息的句子也几乎相同；另一种细节题要复杂一些，有时在原文中找不到同正确选项相近的词，正确答案可能是原文某一事实的结果、原因、前提等。细节理解题的特点是：要选择的答案一定要在短文中找到相关的词、短语、句子或段落。选择的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息，而绝不是根据自己的主观假设或推测或是自己的观点来决定。在阅读过程中对一些涉及到5W/1H等常考的细节内容做适当标记，以便于解题时迅速、准确的查找。,细节题常见的几种命题方式：Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/nottrue?Thestatementmadebytheauthorisbasedontheevidence/example/factthat_WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthetext?TheauthorstatesallofthefollowingEXCEPT_,典型例题2WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheunicorn?A.ItwasnothistoricallyrecordedB.ItshornwasfirstusedinFranceC.ItwassimilartotheIndianAssandtheOryxD.Itcouldbethesymbolofauniversity,Despitethefactthatithasneverbeenseenalmosteveryoneisfamiliarwiththelegendaryunicorn(独角兽).Descriptionsofunicornshavebeenfounddatingfromancienttimes.ThegreatphilosopherAristotletheorizedthatthereweretwotypesofunicorn-theso-calledIndianAssandtheOryx,akindofantelope.Unicornsareoftenusedinthelogoofanoblefamily,towncounciloruniversityastheirspecialsign.EvenScotlandisrepresentedbyaunicorn。Accordingtothelegend,anyoneattemptingtocatchaunicornhadtobeextremelycautiousasithasareputationforbeingveryfierce.Aclevertricksuggestedbyunicorn-trappers,inordertocatchthismagnificentbeastwithoutbeinghurtbyitshorn,wasforthehuntertostandinfrontofatreeandthentomovequicklybehinditastheunicorncharged.Hopefully,thecreaturecouldthenbecapturedwhenitshornwasstuckinthetree。(2008江西卷）,猜题类常见的命题方式：Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheword?Thewordcouldbestbereplacedby?Intheparagraph,thewordmeans(refersto)Accordingtothepassage,probablymeansTheauthorsusesthewordtomeanThewordismostlikelytomean。,3猜测题的做题技巧1、猜测词义时更多用到的方法是：结合上下文的意义、线索、内在逻辑关系。2、一般情况下，上下文所提示的意义与所考词汇通常是同义、反义或针对性解释的关系，可直接确定词义。3、根据上下文意义很难作出判断的，就考虑用句法和内在逻辑方法去判断，符合句法和内在逻辑的可能为正确答案，反之则排除。,典型例题3,Theunderlinedword“gulf”inPara.3mostprobablymeans_。A.interestB.distanceC.differenceD.separation,Parentsandkidstodaydressalike,listentothesamemusic,andarefriends.Isthisagoodthing?Sometimes,whenMr.Ballmerandhis16-year-olddaughter,Elizabeth,listentorockmusictogetherandtalkaboutinterestsbothenjoy,suchaspopculture,heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager。“Iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom,Hey,thenewWeezeralbumisreallygreat.Howdoyoulikeit?”saysBallmer.“Therewasjustacompletegapintaste。”Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits。(2008广东卷),4、推断题答题技巧,推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。常出现的推理题有逻辑推理，知识推理等。这类考题中常出现的词有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate,conclude,learnfrom,probably,等。,推断题常见命题方式,Fromparagraphonewecaninferthat_Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Wecaninferfromthetextthat?Whatcanwelearnfrom?Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat_Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat_Theauthorimpliesthat_Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_Theauthorsattitudetowardis_?,典型例题4,Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom_。A.ashort-storycollectionB.apopularsciencemagazineC.aresearchpaperD.apersonaldiary,MichaelFishmaysoonbereplacedasaweatherforecasterbysomethingtrulyfishiertheshark(鲨鱼)。ResearchbyaBritishbiologystudentsuggeststhatsharkscouldbeusedtopredictstorms。LaurenSmith,24,isclosetocompletingherstudyonsharksabilitytosensepressure。Ifherstudiesprovethetheory,scientistsmaybeabletomonitorthebehaviourofsharkstopredictbadweather。Ithasbeendiscoveredthatasharksensespressureusinghaircellsinitsbalancesystem。AttheBiminiSharkLabintheBahamas,MissSmithfixedhi-techsensorstosharkstorecordpressureandtemperature,whilealsotrackingthemusingGPS(GlobalPositioningSystem)technology。InAberdeen,shewasabletostudytheeffectsoftidal(潮汐的)an