2018届高三英语一轮总复习专题2.1CultureRelics测试练习含解析.docx

专题2.1 Culture Relics【测试与练习】第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。A“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses(冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral(道德) freedom.A single angry word has lost many friends. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. “Whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad.” “Keep cool,” says Webster, “anger is not argument.” “Be calm in arguing,” says George Herbert, “for fierceness(狂怒) makes error a fault.”To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. “Anger,” says Pythagoras, “brings with folly and ends with regret.” You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him. Self-control is mans last and greatest victory. If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also. (from )1. Whats the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of self- control. B. How to conquer oneself?C. The relation between a mans moral freedom and his feelings.D. A man should keep cool.2. Whats the meaning of “whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad”?A. If you are mad, the gods will kill you.B. If you lose your temper first, gods will kill you first.C. If you cant control yourself, you will be crazy.D. If the gods want to kill you, they will make you mad first.3. Which of the following is NOT true, according to passage?A. The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself.B. You will make a small mistake serious if you dont keep cool.C. You must measure a mans strength by the power of the feelings which conquer him.D. Anger brings with folly and ends with regret. 4. Which of the following cant help you avoid anger, according to the passage?A. Be calm in arguing. B. Check your temper or anger by speaking low.C. Keep your mouth shut. D. Try to make the other angry first.1. A 主旨大意题。根据文章第 1 段的第 2 句 Self-control is at the root of all the advantages 及全文的内容可知，本文的大意是“自控的重要性”。故答案选 A。4. D 推理判断题。根据文章第 2 段的第 2 句和第 3 句以及最后一句可以排除选项 A、B、C，从而得出答案为 D。BWilliam Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13,1865. His childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. In fact, he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his familyboth his father and his brother were painters. But he finally settled on literature, particularly drama (戏剧) and poetry.Yeats had strong faith in the coming of new artistic movements. He set himself the fresh task in founding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s.His early theatrical experiments，however，were not received favorably at the beginning. He didnt lose heart，and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama.Compared with his dramatic works, Yeatss poems attract much admiring notice.The subject matter includes love，nature，history，time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. As his literary life progressed, his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition.He had not enjoyed a major public life since winning the Nobel Prize in 1923.Yet，he continued writing almost to the end of his life. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40，he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75. After Yeatss death in 1939, WH. Auden wrote, among others, the following lines：Earth，receive an honoured guest：William Yeats is laid to rest.Let the Irish vessel (船) lieEmptied of its poetry.5Which of the following can describe Yeatss family?AIt filled Yeatss childhood with laughter. BIt was shocked by Yeatss choice.CIt was a typically wealthy family. DIt had an artistic atmosphere.6According to the passage，what do we know about Yeatss life?AYeats founded the first Irish theater.BYeats stuck to modern forms in his poetry.CYeats began to produce his best works from the 1910s.DYeats was not favored by the public until the 1923 Noble Prize.7What is the passage mainly about?A. Yeatss literary achievements.B. Yeatss historical influence.C. Yeatss artistic ambition.D. Yeatss national honor.5D。细节理解题。根据短文第一段倒数第二句话可知：他从家人那儿继承了很好的艺术鉴赏能力，他的父亲和哥哥都是画家，证明他是在一个有艺术氛围的家庭中长大。CMany of us still tend to think that emotions can affect reasonablethought，and sometimes land us in trouble.But in recent years psychologists have taken quite a different view.Keith Oatley，Professor of Psychology at Glasgow University，is involved in the research which shows the fundamental importance of emotions.He believes we_are_very_ambivalent_about_them：we think of our emotions as being unreasonable，but we also consider them as essential to being human.For example，Mr Spock，a character in the television series Star Trek，is superintelligent and he has no emotions at all.However，he is never made captain of the spaceship.Maybe，this is because Mr Spock is not the kind of person you can share your feelings witha person who shows his emotions.As Professor Oatley points out，our emotions have very important functions，for example，fear.If we cross the road and a car approaches，we usually stop moving or step back.We stop what we are doing，check what we have done and pay very careful attention to the environment.The emotion of fear makes us take this small series of actions which，on average，help preserve our safety.On the other hand，if things are going well and small problems come up，we find we can solve them with the resources we have to hand.As a consequence，we tend to feel happy and usually continue doing the job.Anger is an emotion that tends to occur when someone is preventing us from doing something.Then this small “kit” of reactions enables us to prepare ourselves to be quite aggressive to that person，or to try harder，and so on.Professor Oatley believes emotions generally occur at these important moments in actions.With fear and anger our emotions make us decide to start doing something else，while with happiness they “suggest” we continue what we are already doing.8Whats Keith Oatleys opinion about emotions?AThey affect reasonable thought.BThey get us into trouble.CThey are helpful to us.DThey are reasonable.9What does the underlined part “we are very ambivalent about them” in Paragraph 2 mean?AWe have contradictory feelings towards emotions.BWe have similar ideas of emotions.CWe are quite clear about emotions.DWe can do nothing about emotions.10It can be inferred from the passage that_.Awe must control our emotions in daily lifeBemotions play a more important part than we realizeCpositive emotions such as love and joy are good for usDnegative emotions make us continue what we are doing【语篇解读】相关研究表明，情感对人而言至关重要，不可或缺。10B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可推知，积极的情感和消极的情感都发挥着比我们意识到的更重要的作用。D“Ive changed my mind.I wanted to have a telescope，but now I want my dad back.” Lucien Lawrences letter to his father for Christmas written after his father had been knifed to death outside his school gate，must have touched everyones heart.Lucien went on to say that without his father he couldnt see the stars in the sky.When those whom we love depart from us，we cannot see the stars for a while.But Lucien，the stars are still there，and one day，when you are older and your tears have gone，you will see them again.And，in a strange way，I expect that you will find your father there，too，in your mind and heart.I find that my parents，who died years ago，still figure in many of my dreams and that I think of them perhaps more than I ever did when they were alive.I still live to please them and Im still surprised by their reactions.I remember that when I became a professor，I was so proud，or rather so pleased with myself that I couldnt wait to cable my parents.The reply was a long time in coming，but when it did，all my mother said was “I hope this means that now you will have more time for the children！” I havent forgotten.The values of my parents still live on.It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care.Would I have been as ready as Philip Lawrence have been to face the aggressors，and to lay down my life for those in my care？How many people would want me back for Christmas？Its a serious thought，one to give me pause.I pray silently，sometimes，in the dead of night，that ancient cry of a poet “Deliver my soul from the sword，and my darling from the power of the dog.” Yet I know the death comes to us all，and sometimes comes suddenly.We must therefore plan to live forever，but live as if we will die tomorrow.We live on，Im sure，in the lives of those we love，and therefore we ought to have a care for what they will remember and what they will treasure.If more parents knew this in their hearts to be true，there might be fewer knives on our streets today.11What feelings did the authors mother express in her reply?AProud.BHappy.CDisappointed.DWorried.12In the authors opinion，the value of a persons life is_.Ato leave a precious memory to those he loves and cares forBto have a high sense of duty to the whole societyCto care for what others will remember and treasureDto share happiness and sadness with his family13What does the writer mean by mentioning the sentence taken from an old poem?ACall on criminals and murderers to lay down their guns.BAdvise parents to stay with their children safely at home.CSpend every day meaningfully while alive.DTry to keep violence and murder far away from society.【语篇解读】一个孩子在圣诞节对已经去世的父亲撕心裂肺的呼唤让人情不能已，潸然泪下。孩子，虽然亲人与我们两世相隔，可是他们永远活在我们心中，恍如昨天。虽然世人难免一死，但是如果大家互相关怀，没有了暴力和谋杀，世界岂不更加美好？学%第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A learned man always has a lot of riches in himself. Simonides，a famous Greek poet，once made a tour around the wellknown cities of Asia.Years later，he decided to 14 to his native land by sea.However，he boarded on a ship，which got 15 in a terrible storm.Together with its own poor condition，the ship began to 16 into the sea.Some passengers was busy 17 together their bags，and their 18 belongings.To everyones surprise，Simonides was a(n) 19 .One who was 20 curious，asked，“Are you going to save 21 of your property，Simonides？” He made a reply. “All my possessions are 22 me.”While a few made their 23 by swimming，the majority，being weighed down by their burdens，disappeared in the sea. 24 ，some thieves made their appearance，and stole 25 the few lucky people had saved，leaving them nothing.Clazomenae，an ancient city，chanced to be near the beach.Here lived a wealthy man 26 the pursuits(追求) of literature.He had often read the poems of Simonides，and was a very great 27 of him though he had never seen Simonides. 28 ，Simonides was saved by this man shortly after he got to the beach.Knowing who he was from their brief conversation，the man 29 Simonides into his house with the greatest pleasure，and 30 him with clothes，money，and attendants.The other 31 meanwhile were carrying about their bowls，begging for food in the same city.One day，Simonides 32 to meet them.With much sympathy，Simonides remarked，“I told you that all my property was about me；what you have 33 to save is lost now.”14A. return B. getC. visit D. come15A. hit B. caughtC. struck D. seized16A. break B. drownC. fall D. sink17A. gathering B. keepingC. joining D. carrying18A. common B. formalC. precious D. previous19A. millionaire B. exampleC. fool D. exception20A. slightly B. extremelyC. gradually D. generally21A. nothing B. fewC. none D. no one22A. about B. aroundC. of D. for23A. effort B. effectC. escape D. attempt24A. In fact B. In briefC. After all D. Worse still25A. that B. whatC. which D. when26A. related to B. adapted toC. determined to D. devoted to27A. adviser B. listenerC. admirer D. buyer28A.Unluckily B. FortunatelyC. Naturally D. Frequently29A. ordered B. forcedC. received D. begged30A. provided B. offeredC. showed D. afforded31A. villagers B. writersC. stealers D. survivors32A. hoped B. happenedC. managed D. demanded33A. struggled B. failedC. encouraged D. succeeded答案与解析14A前文说Simonides在亚洲各大名城旅游，该空所在句说“to his native land”，故选A项。return表示“返回，回去”。15B此处用get/be caught in表示“被困于，遇到”，表示他坐的船遇到了风暴。16D根据空前的描述可知，船很破旧，遇到暴风雨之后就开始下沉。sink表示“下沉”，符合语境。17A一些乘客忙着收拾自己的行李。gather表示“收拢，归拢(分散的东西)”。18C船要沉了，乘客收拾行李时会拿珍贵的东西，故选C，precious表示“珍贵的”。 19D根据空前的“To everyones surprise”可知，选D。人人都在收拾行李，只有Simonides是个例外(exception)。25B这里用what引导宾语从句，指物，并在从句中作宾语。故选B。26D这个富人喜欢文学，经常读Simonides的诗歌，因此选D项，devoted to表示“专心致力于”。27C这个富人喜欢读Simonides的诗歌，由此可见他是Simonides的崇拜者，因此选C，表示“崇拜者”。28B Simonides上岸以后被这个富人救了，这对Simonides来说是一件很幸运的事，故选B项。29C这里用动词receive表示“接待”：这个富人高兴地接Simonides到他家里。33A当初你们努力要拯救的东西现在都丢了。struggle努力，奋斗，符合语境。第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）(2015全国)第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。The adobe dwellings(土坯房)_34_(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _35_ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _36_(able) to “air condition” a house without _37_(use)electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _38_(slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house. When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _39_ (cool) the house during the hot day：_40_ the same time，they warm up again for the night. This cycle _41_ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As_42_(nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly_43_thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案及解析【语篇导读】相比现代化的建筑，简陋的土坯房可谓丑陋不堪。但当代的建筑师却对其情有独钟。短文主要介绍了土坯房能够调节温度的原理。34. built考查过去分词短语作后置定语。主语dwellings与动词build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。又由by一词的暗示也可知用表示被动意义的过去分词。35. the考查定冠词的用法。空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词。36. ability考查形容词与名词的转换。形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式。37. using考查介词的用法。介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。38. slowly考查副词的用法。由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。修饰谓语动词give out，因此要用副词形式。39. to cool考查固定句式的用法。“形容词+enough+动词不定式”为一常用句式。第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）第1节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！答案及解析：Mr. and Mrs. Zhang work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are in planting vegetables in their garden